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Article
Publication date: 1 May 2001

N. GIL, I.D. TOMMELEIN, R.L. KIRKENDALL and G. BALLARD

Specialty contractors have knowledge to contribute to the early design of architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) products. In current practice, however, they are seldom…

472

Abstract

Specialty contractors have knowledge to contribute to the early design of architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) products. In current practice, however, they are seldom involved in early design, but evidence suggests that their early involvement is increasing. Lean construction theory advocates such involvement. The practice of involving suppliers in product development efforts and manufacturing has proven to be highly successful. The paper reports on empirical research that identified the contributions of specialty contractor (SO knowledge to early design, which led to gains in process efficiency and improvements in product quality. These contributions are categorized and illustrated by means of examples that stem from current practice or present potential opportunities for improvement. Reasons are given why SC knowledge is often ignored in design. Changes in AEC practices nevertheless suggest that organizations are creating conditions to increase interaction between designers and SCs. Such interactions will help AEC organizations to retain and share the knowledge of individuals as well as learn to develop new knowledge.

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Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, vol. 8 no. 5/6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0969-9988

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Article
Publication date: 5 June 2020

Wassim Albalkhy and Rateb Sweis

The purpose of this paper is to identify and theoretically explain the general barriers to adopting lean construction practices in the construction industry regardless of the…

2616

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify and theoretically explain the general barriers to adopting lean construction practices in the construction industry regardless of the country or the company size or specialization, and to suggest future research studies in this field.

Design/methodology/approach

Systematic literature review was conducted to identify and explain the list of the barriers from scientific sources that were published before May 2018.

Findings

Twenty-nine barriers were identified and explained, and a proposed model to classify the sources of the barriers was chosen. Seventeen barriers were classified as internal environment-related barriers, five were labor-related, three were materials-related and four were exogenous barriers. In addition, some directions for the future research studies were suggested.

Research limitations/implications

The barriers that are related to the advanced levels of lean construction (LC) implementations, to a specific location or to a specific LC tool were excluded.

Originality/value

This review will help to increase the understanding of the new concept of LC and might help to encourage the adoption of LC practices. Also, it might be useful for identifying the strategies to achieve successful application of these practices.

Details

International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, vol. 12 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2040-4166

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 1977

FRANK W. LUTZ and WILLIAM L. GARBERINA

This study is based on the earlier work of Iannaccone and Lutz, Kirkendall and Le Doux and Burlingame and uses socio‐economic data obtained from 77 school districts in…

36

Abstract

This study is based on the earlier work of Iannaccone and Lutz, Kirkendall and Le Doux and Burlingame and uses socio‐economic data obtained from 77 school districts in Massachusetts through the period 1963–1972. The study examines a series of hypotheses related to the “gap” that may develop between community demand and school board response. Some of the findings are (i) the Iannaccone‐Lutz model of school board member incumbent defeat is valid and the “gap” between community demands and the school board's response is an important factor in the operational model; (ii) the school board's response to community's demands (tax rate) is an important variable in determining the “gap” resulting in incumbent defeat and in predicting the variance in this political phenomenon in school districts; (iii) socio‐economic‐political indicators of school district change selected by Kirkendall are related to school board member incumbent defeat.

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Journal of Educational Administration, vol. 15 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0957-8234

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Article
Publication date: 20 August 2024

Innocent Chigozie Osuizugbo, Mazen M. Omer, Rahimi A. Rahman and Olalekan Shamsideen Oshodi

This study aims to review the current trends in early contractor involvement (ECI) in construction project development. The review consist of the following objectives: (1…

197

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to review the current trends in early contractor involvement (ECI) in construction project development. The review consist of the following objectives: (1) identifying the benefits of ECI on construction project development; (2) identifying the challenges of ECI in construction project development; and (3) identifying the strategies of ECI in construction project development.

Design/methodology/approach

This study systematically reviews the literature on the application of ECI in construction project development. A total of 133 related articles were identified and analyzed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method.

Findings

This review identified “improved team work/collaboration working relationship” as the top benefits of ECI in construction project development. “Cultural barrier” was identified as the top challenge of ECI in construction project development, while “contributing value engineering” and “buildability evaluation input”, were the top two strategies of ECI in construction project development.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to systematically review prior literature on ECI. As a result, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of the current state of the art and fills the literature gap. Researchers and industry professionals can use the study findings to increase the rate and benefits of implementing ECI in construction projects.

Details

Built Environment Project and Asset Management, vol. 14 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2044-124X

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 1985

Hannelore B. Rader

The following is an annotated list of materials that discuss the ways in which librarians can provide library users with orientation to facilities and services, and instruct them…

74

Abstract

The following is an annotated list of materials that discuss the ways in which librarians can provide library users with orientation to facilities and services, and instruct them in library information and computer skills. This is RSR's 11th annual review of this literature, and covers publications from 1984. A few items from 1983 have been included because of their significance, and because they were not available for review last year. Several items were not annotated because the compiler was unable to secure them.

Details

Reference Services Review, vol. 13 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0090-7324

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1992

E. Zakel, G. Azdasht and H. Reichl

Tape Automated Bonding (TAB) is a modern technology which meets the requirements for micro‐connecting VLSI circuits. The limitations for gang bonding chips with high lead counts…

20

Abstract

Tape Automated Bonding (TAB) is a modern technology which meets the requirements for micro‐connecting VLSI circuits. The limitations for gang bonding chips with high lead counts and reduced pitches are increased bond forces and induced mechanical stress. Laser soldering is an alternative for such contacts. Because microjoining of surfaces occurs via thermal energy from the laser beam, no mechanical pressure is necessary. Due to the optical properties of the laser beam and the possibility to reduce the laser spot, soldering of small pitches is possible. The results of TAB inner lead bonding with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser are presented. Tapes with three metallisations (Sn, Ni‐Sn and Au) were laser soldered to bumps consisting of gold and gold‐tin. The pull strength of laser soldered TAB‐contacts was optimised by variation of laser power and reliability investigations were performed. The metallurgy of laser soldering is different and more critical to long term reliability than that of gang bonded ILB‐contacts, even if identical tape and bump materials are applied. An accumulation of eutectic 80/20 Au‐Sn solder in the bonded interface results in a strong degradation due to Kirkendall pore formation in the ternary Cu‐Sn‐Au system. The application of a tape with a diffusion barrier of Ni inhibits this effect. But during thermal ageing these contacts show a strong degradation of pull forces which is attributed to the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds of the elements Ni, Sn and Au in the contact area. Laser soldering of Au‐plated tapes to Au‐Sn solder bumps is possible. The contacts show optimal pull forces and a minimal degradation after thermal ageing. This is attributed to the formation of an intermetallic compound with a high stability. The Zeta phase acts as a diffusion barrier between the copper lead and the eutectic Au‐Sn solder.

Details

Microelectronics International, vol. 9 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1356-5362

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Book part
Publication date: 13 August 2018

Robert L. Dipboye

Abstract

Details

The Emerald Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78743-786-9

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Article
Publication date: 29 June 2012

Jeroen Bemelmans, Hans Voordijk and Bart Vos

Recent developments in the construction industry resulted in an increased importance of collaboration with and managing of suppliers by prime contractors. The focus of this study…

2860

Abstract

Purpose

Recent developments in the construction industry resulted in an increased importance of collaboration with and managing of suppliers by prime contractors. The focus of this study is on getting insights into existing knowledge on this topic and the gaps in this knowledge base. The goals of this study are threefold: to verify the current state of, to gain insights into, and to provide suggestions for supplier‐contractor research.

Design/methodology/approach

The current state of supplier‐contractor research in the construction industry is verified through a taxonomic approach to the literature on buyer‐supplier research over the last decade (2000‐2009). The method followed consists of the following three steps: journal selection, initial article selection and final article selection.

Findings

Supplier‐contractor research in the construction industry is still a relatively under‐researched phenomenon. The major topics discussed in the identified articles are aspects of partnering (conditions, characteristics and barriers/obstacles) and (sub)contracting/procurement issues (practices, selection criteria, performance and characteristics).

Research limitations/implications

This study concludes that future research should focus on longitudinal studies, testing organisational barriers to partnering, the benefits of partnering in practice, conditions under which the formation of collaborative relationships between suppliers and contractors takes place, and experiences with this formation process.

Practical implications

In practice, contractors do see a need to develop closer and more collaborative relationships with their suppliers. This study highlights the topics that need to be addressed to achieve these goals.

Originality/value

This study is a literature overview of relatively scarce research on collaborative relationships between suppliers and contractors in the construction industry.

Details

Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, vol. 19 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0969-9988

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Book part
Publication date: 2 June 2015

Nathan A. Bowling, Kelly A. Camus and Caitlin E. Blackmore

Workplace abuse, interpersonal mistreatment that occurs within the victim’s work environment, has attracted considerable attention in recent years. In this chapter, we argue that…

Abstract

Workplace abuse, interpersonal mistreatment that occurs within the victim’s work environment, has attracted considerable attention in recent years. In this chapter, we argue that problems with the conceptualization and measurement of workplace abuse have thwarted scientific progress. We identify two needs that we believe are especially pressing: (a) the need to consider the construct breadth of workplace abuse scales and (b) the need to test whether the measures of various types of workplace abuse effectively capture the unique qualities of the constructs they purport to assess. To guide our discussion of these issues, we conducted a review of the item content of several workplace abuse measures. We offer suggestions for addressing these and other conceptualization and measurement issues, and we discuss the possible implications of these issues on the study of the hypothesized predictors and consequences of workplace abuse.

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Article
Publication date: 5 July 2021

Jieren Guan, Qiuping Wang, Chao Chen and Jingyu Xiao

The purpose of this paper is to analyze and investigate heat accumulation caused by temperature changes and interface microstructure effected by element diffusion.

210

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze and investigate heat accumulation caused by temperature changes and interface microstructure effected by element diffusion.

Design/methodology/approach

Al/Cu bimetallic structure is initially manufactured through laser powder bed fusion process. To minimize trial and error, finite element modeling is adopted to simulate temperature changes on the Al-based and Cu-based substrate.

Findings

The results show that forming pure copper on Al-based substrate can guarantee heat accumulation, providing enough energy for subsequent building. The instantaneous laser energy promotes increase of diffusion activation energy, resulting in the formation of transition zone derived from interdiffusion between Al and Cu atoms. The interface with a thickness of about 22 µm dominated by Kirkendall effect moves towards Al-rich side. The interface microstructure is mainly composed of a-Al, a-Cu and CuAl2 phase.

Originality/value

The bonding mechanism of Al/Cu interface is atom diffusion-induced chemical reaction. The theoretical basis provides guidance for structural design and production application.

Details

Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 27 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2546

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