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The single recent event that has most significantly changed the way in which automotive transmission fluids are defined took place in 1990 when General Motors published its Dexron HE specification. This represented the first major modification of General Motors' Automatic Transmission Fluid (ATF) specifications since July 1978. (The original Dexron II specification was first published in 1973.) The driving force behind the timing for the introduction of this specification was the launch, in 1991, of the Buick Park Avenue with a newly redesigned, electronically‐controlled version of the older Hydramatic 440‐T4 Front‐Wheel‐Drive (FWD) automatic transaxle. This unit was designated the 4T‐60E. The majority of designers of computer‐controlled transmissions use electro‐hydraulic solenoid valves to open and close hydraulic circuits to make the transmission shift. For this reason, many of the new transmission designs require ATFs to have superior low‐temperature fluidity properties. Dexron IIE calls for fluids having a −40°C Brookfield viscosity of less than 20,000 cP, compared with the 50,000 cP requirement of the Dexron II. Only fluids approved to the new specification will be officially endorsed by GM from January 1993.

The usage of smartphone is interfering in many social activities including unwanted interference in the interpersonal communication. Eventually, people are becoming addicted to smartphones. In this context, the purpose of this study is to identify the factors impacting smartphone addiction (SPA) that causes disruption to social life.

With inputs from literature and theories, some hypotheses have been formulated and a conceptual model has been developed. The model later has been validated statistically using structural equation modelling technique with survey method involving 302 smartphone users in India.

The result shows that loneliness, stress and depression are the principal factors impacting addiction of smartphone to the individuals depending on their age and gender. Also, the addiction is found to be responsible for disruption of social life.

This study has scholarly and policy implications from the social perspectives. This study cannot be generalizable as it uses limited sample. Also, this study achieved 72% explanative power of the proposed model. This has been achieved with consideration of the existing variables. Consideration of other factors could have improved the model.

This study provides an improved model which can be used by the policymakers and practitioners towards framing the appropriate policy regarding smartphone usage by the individuals. This study also highlights that there is a need of a regulatory authority to monitor and restrict the smartphone usage by the young individuals who may potentially become addicted to it. This study also highlights the need for an enforceable regulation for the content showing through smartphone.

This study provides a unique theoretical model with an explanative power as high as 72%. There are limited studies which show the determinants of SPA and its consequences from social and psychological perspective in the Asian context. This study also adds to the body of knowledge regarding dark side of technology addiction. Thus, from these perspectives, this study can be considered as a unique study.

Behavioral finance research has almost exclusively investigated the decision making of lay individuals, mostly ignoring more sophisticated institutional investors. The purpose of this paper is to better understand the relatively unexplored field of investment decisions made by pension fund trustees, an important subset of institutional investors, and identify future avenues of further exploration.

This paper starts by setting out the landscape in which pension fund trustees operate and make their decisions, followed by a literature review of the extant behavioral finance research applicable to similar situations.

Despite receiving training and accumulating experience in financial markets, these are limited and sparse; therefore, pension fund trustees are unlikely to be immune from behavioral biases. Trustees make decisions in groups, are heavily reliant on advice and make decisions on behalf of others. Research in those areas has uncovered many inefficiencies. It is still unknown how this specific context can affect the psychological effects on their decisions.

Given how much influence trustees’ decisions have on asset allocation and by extension in financial markets, this is a surprising state of affairs. Research in behavioral finance has had a marked influence on policy in the past and so we anticipate that exploring the decisions made within pension funds may have wide ramifications for the industry.

As far as the authors are aware, no behavioral research has empirically tested pension fund trustees’ decisions to investigate how the combination of group decisions, advice and surrogacy influence their decisions and, ultimately, the sustainability of our pensions.

Children’s sensory involvement refers to the degree to which children engage their senses, such as sight, touch, taste, smell and hearing, in their interactions with the environment. In the context of parents' purchase decisions, children’s sensory involvement pertains to how children's sensory involvement influences the purchasing decisions made by their parents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of children's sensory involvement on parents’ purchase decisions considering the mediating role of the parent’s attitude.

In this study, a structured questionnaire survey was conducted with parents of children aged 7–12 in Isfahan, Iran. The sample consisted of 210 parents, aimed at elucidating the relationship between variables. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to analyze the relationship between variables.

Results showed a significant relationship between children’s sensory involvement and parents’ purchase decisions, children’s sensory involvement and parents’ attitudes and parents’ attitudes and purchase decisions. It was concluded that children’s sensory involvement could indirectly influence the parents’ purchase decisions considering the mediating role of parents' attitudes.

In today's business landscape, it is imperative for organizations to discern the multitude of factors influencing consumers' purchasing decisions. Among these, family dynamics play a substantial role, with children often exerting a strong influence on their parents' buying choices. Despite the acknowledged importance of this dynamic in existing literature, the specific impact of children's sensory involvement on parental purchasing decisions remains largely unexplored. Therefore, this paper aims to fill this gap in the literature by shedding light on the role of children's sensory involvement in shaping parental buying behaviors.

Neuroeconomics and neurofinance are emerging as intriguing fields of research, despite sharing ambiguity with the concepts of neuroscience. The relationship among the concepts of economics, finance and neuroscience is not explicitly defined in the past literature, which distorts the use of neuroeconomics and neurofinance approaches in real-world practice for financial decision-making. The purpose of this paper is to consolidate the literature in the field of neuroeconomics and neurofinance to set up the research agenda for the upcoming scholarship in the field.

The purpose of this paper is to consolidates the extant literature in the fields of neuroeconomics and neurofinance by conducting an extensive systematic literature review to investigate the current state and define the relationship between economics, finance and neuroscience.

This paper identifies and explains the explicit relationship between different sub-fields of neuroscience with neuroeconomics and neurofinance and providing instances for future research studies.

The exclusive and extensive literature survey in the form of systematic literature review is undertaken for understanding the fields of neuroeconomics and neurofinance and is the key highlight of this paper. Another, interesting fact lies with matching the literature in neuroeconomics and neurofinance with further sub-fields of neuroscience such as neurophysiology, neuroanatomy, molecular neuroscience and cognitive neuroscience.

While it has been argued that sport organizations are a socially integrative factor in societies, research on sport and social inclusion is short on the role of leadership. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the degree to which inclusive leadership enables social mobility for participants in a social inclusion program through sport.

This study is based on a fieldwork study composed of focused, multi-sited and collaborative ethnography principles. It draws upon data from four sport clubs that are members of the Norwegian Equestrian Federation (NEF) and associated with a social inclusion program for people with a history of substance abuse disorders (SUD).

Through the enabling of participants’ agency capabilities through prototypicality, shared leadership and cognitive efforts, incentives for utilizing inclusive leadership are presented. The study also presents perspectives on social mobility that are less prone to inflexible categorization and more attuned to people’s sense of belonging and identities.

By coupling unique fieldwork data with theories on subjective social mobility, leadership and meaningfulness, the study presents novel insights into how inclusive leadership play a pivotal role in empowering people with SUD to enhance their social mobility capabilities.

The purpose of this paper is to show that separate sources of knowledge are identified, described and clearly defined as organizational intangible knowledge assets. These knowledge assets are referred to as knowledge capabilities (KCs). knowledge management (KM) is utilized to leverage these assets with a view to systematic improvement in the process of achieving increased firm performance.

In this paper knowledge capabilities are described in terms of their knowledge life cycle, tacit/implicit/explicit nature of knowledge, technology and organizational processes that encompass a firm's human capital identified as knowledge workers.

The paper finds that five knowledge capability are presented and described as expertise, lessons learned, policies and procedures, data and knowledge documents.

The paper shows that knowledge assets can be measured and improved in order to investigate causal relationships with identified measures of performance.

The paper shows that by explicitly describing these knowledge assets, the KM activities within organizations can more effectively leverage knowledge and improve performance.

The paper sees that by drawing from both resource based and organizational learning literature, a knowledge management framework is presented to describe distinctly separate sources of knowledge within organizations. These knowledge sources are constructed as knowledge capabilities that can allow the assessment of organizational knowledge assets.

This study aims to review the relationship between neurological processes and financial behavior from an interdisciplinary perspective. Individual decision-making is influenced by cognitive and affective biases; hence, it becomes pertinent to understand the origin of these biases. Neurofinance is an emerging field of finance budding from neuroeconomics and explains the relationship between human brain activity and financial behavior, drawn from interdisciplinary fields, including neurology, psychology and finance.

This conceptual paper extensively reviews the extant literature and performs meta-analysis to attain its research objectives.

The paper highlights the use of neuroimaging techniques in mapping the brain areas to help understand the processes in the higher cognitive areas of brain. The paper raises some new questions regarding individual preferences and choices while making financial or non-financial decisions.

The special focus on dysfunctions arising in brain because of injury and their impact on decision-making is also a key point in this paper and is summarized using meta-analytic forest plot. The existing literature provides instances where emotional processing is altered by injury in brain and may lead to more advantageous decisions, especially in risky situations.

This study aims to investigate the psychological mechanisms underlying hospitality employees’ social exchange relationships at work by applying the social aspects of work and the social exchange theory.

MTurk was used for conducting a cross-sectional questionnaire survey, targeting frontline employees who were working in full-service restaurants. Descriptive statistic, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were performed.

Customer-employee exchange had a positive relationship with gratitude. Moreover, gratitude was positively associated with both role-prescribed customer service and extra-role customer service. Leader-member exchange and coworker exchange were positively related to obligation. Obligation had positive association with both role-prescribed customer service and extra-role customer service. The mediating effects of gratitude and obligation were statistically significant.

Employees’ social exchange relationship with customers promotes prosocial behaviors by arousing gratitude in them. Moreover, their social exchange relationships with supervisors and coworkers lead to prosocial behaviors by provoking obligation from them.

This research shows the importance of the social aspects of work to contribute to employees’ prosocial behavior in the hospitality industry. Moreover, it proves the critical roles of emotions to guide employees’ decisions about social exchange.

Occupational stress is damaging to employee well-being, causes serious illnesses and costs organizations billions of dollars every year. Mutual gains model of human resource management (HRM) recommends that HRM practices should improve both employee well-being and performance. Offshore business processing organizations (BPO) are renowned to have intense wok environment. The study aimed to deploy mutual gains models in BPO to determine if positive perceptions of HRM practices (or benevolent HRM attributions) can help employees manage their stress better and improve their task performance (TP) and contextual performance (CP). Furthermore, work gratitude (WG) was examined to see if it acted as an intermediary in the relationship between benevolent HRM attributions, employee stress management (SM), TP and CP.

Primary data of 368 respondents were collected from the employees working in BPO. Structural equation modeling technique was deployed for the testing of causal relationships among constructs. AMOS 24.0 was used for the estimation of theoretical model.

Empirical outcomes affirmed strongly knitted theoretical associations among the constructs.

This study contributes to literature by proposing a framework which shows how HRM attributions can enhance employee's TP, CP and improve employee SM through the mediating influence of WG.