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Article
Publication date: 1 May 1980

David Ray, John Gattorna and Mike Allen

Preface The functions of business divide into several areas and the general focus of this book is on one of the most important although least understood of these—DISTRIBUTION. The…

1494

Abstract

Preface The functions of business divide into several areas and the general focus of this book is on one of the most important although least understood of these—DISTRIBUTION. The particular focus is on reviewing current practice in distribution costing and on attempting to push the frontiers back a little by suggesting some new approaches to overcome previously defined shortcomings.

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International Journal of Physical Distribution & Materials Management, vol. 10 no. 5/6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0269-8218

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Article
Publication date: 1 June 1974

R.H. Mole

This paper describes some of the complexities which abound in selecting warehouse sites (and warehouse networks); provides a structural appraisal of mathematical models; and…

427

Abstract

This paper describes some of the complexities which abound in selecting warehouse sites (and warehouse networks); provides a structural appraisal of mathematical models; and contrasts the former with the implicit assumptions of the latter.

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International Journal of Physical Distribution, vol. 5 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0020-7527

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Article
Publication date: 1 June 1975

David Ray

The apparent failure on the part of companies to evolve a satisfactory costing scheme for their physical distribution (PD) systems is now giving way before a sustained attempt to…

168

Abstract

The apparent failure on the part of companies to evolve a satisfactory costing scheme for their physical distribution (PD) systems is now giving way before a sustained attempt to rationalise PD costs. The author reviews the legislative and economic changes which have led to a recognition of the need for change, and he suggests that the “Total Distribution” (TD) approach to a solution is the one to be explored. The distinctive nature of the different accounting schemes in use, and their informational requirements, are discussed. The complex nature of PD involves the use of both operational research and statistical techniques. In fact, the need for improved information for PD management is not yet being met, and this hampers decision‐making. The monograph looks at the shortfalls in financial accounting for PD, and at the complex and ambiguous relations between PD and the formal company financial statement. Finally, the profit‐analysis approach may be the answer, and this can be incorporated within the framework of a missions approach. The author concludes that, so far, neither orthodox accounting procedures nor experimental approaches have yet provided a complete answer for PD cost analysis.

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International Journal of Physical Distribution, vol. 6 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0020-7527

Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 23 December 2020

Adam Redmer

The purpose of this paper is to develop an original model and a solution procedure for solving jointly three main strategic fleet management problems (fleet composition…

8046

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop an original model and a solution procedure for solving jointly three main strategic fleet management problems (fleet composition, replacement and make-or-buy), taking into account interdependencies between them.

Design/methodology/approach

The three main strategic fleet management problems were analyzed in detail to identify interdependencies between them, mathematically modeled in terms of integer nonlinear programing (INLP) and solved using evolutionary based method of a solver compatible with a spreadsheet.

Findings

There are no optimization methods combining the analyzed problems, but it is possible to mathematically model them jointly and solve together using a solver compatible with a spreadsheet obtaining a solution/fleet management strategy answering the questions: Keep currently exploited vehicles in a fleet or remove them? If keep, how often to replace them? If remove then when? How many perspective/new vehicles, of what types, brand new or used ones and when should be put into a fleet? The relatively large scale instance of problem (50 vehicles) was solved based on a real-life data. The obtained results occurred to be better/cheaper by 10% than the two reference solutions – random and do-nothing ones.

Originality/value

The methodology of developing optimal fleet management strategy by solving jointly three main strategic fleet management problems is proposed allowing for the reduction of the fleet exploitation costs by adjusting fleet size, types of exploited vehicles and their exploitation periods.

Details

Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, vol. 28 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2511

Keywords

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1981

James H Barnes

This paper examines location decision in the light of recent developments in areas which impact on distribution decision making. It is shown that these developments have and will…

554

Abstract

This paper examines location decision in the light of recent developments in areas which impact on distribution decision making. It is shown that these developments have and will continue to have serious implications as far as the use of previously developed location models is concerned. First, the elements associated with total distribution and total cost concepts will be discussed. Second, the implications of customer service considerations will be mentioned. And finally, some of the more recent environmental developments which impact the location decision will be examined.

Details

Retail and Distribution Management, vol. 9 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0307-2363

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1974

A.C.N. Bailey and I.M. Gascoigne

This article describes an investigation into the factors affecting load and vehicle sizes for road delivery of oil products. An overall framework of analysis was developed, a…

46

Abstract

This article describes an investigation into the factors affecting load and vehicle sizes for road delivery of oil products. An overall framework of analysis was developed, a sampling method was used, and potential cost savings identified and achieved. The ability to construct an analytical framework of sufficient accuracy depended on a reasonably convincing costing formula for part loads, which is also described.

Details

International Journal of Physical Distribution, vol. 4 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0020-7527

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Article
Publication date: 1 July 1979

Alan Slater

Continual rising fuel costs and rapidly increasing vehicle costs have generated management awareness of the costs incurred in physical distribution. Inevitably, management…

444

Abstract

Continual rising fuel costs and rapidly increasing vehicle costs have generated management awareness of the costs incurred in physical distribution. Inevitably, management attention on the distribution function is drawn towards potential cost savings and increases in efficiency. Where transport costs represent a significant part of the total distibution costs, then one area which determines the efficiency of all others is the vehicle routing and scheduling activity which could collectively be known as load planning.

Details

International Journal of Physical Distribution & Materials Management, vol. 10 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0269-8218

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1999

P.A. Scarf and O. Bouamra

A replacement model over two cycles, with decision variables based on age at replacement of the current fleet and size of the new fleet is considered. In order to consider both…

1001

Abstract

A replacement model over two cycles, with decision variables based on age at replacement of the current fleet and size of the new fleet is considered. In order to consider both age at replacement and fleet size, the concept of penalty cost for unmet demand is introduced and modelled using results from birth‐and‐death processes. Optimal values for decision variables may be found through minimization of the total discounted cost per unit time or the equivalent rent value. The role of the penalty cost and its influence on decision variables is emphasized. A numerical solution is proposed and illustrated using data on a particular fleet of medical equipment.

Details

Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, vol. 5 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2511

Keywords

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Article
Publication date: 5 October 2020

Ji Wang, Yuting Yan and Junming Li

Natural gas leak from underground pipelines could lead to serious damage and global warming, whose spreading in soil should be systematically investigated. This paper aims to…

319

Abstract

Purpose

Natural gas leak from underground pipelines could lead to serious damage and global warming, whose spreading in soil should be systematically investigated. This paper aims to propose a three-dimensional numerical model to analyze the methane–air transportation in soil. The results could help understand the diffusion process of natural gas in soil, which is essential for locating leak source and reducing damage after leak accident.

Design/methodology/approach

A numerical model using finite element method is proposed to simulate the methane spreading process in porous media after leaking from an underground pipe. Physical models, including fluids transportation in porous media, water evaporation and heat transfer, are taken into account. The numerical results are compared with experimental data to validate the reliability of the simulation model. The effects of methane leaking direction, non-uniform soil porosity, leaking pressure and convective mass transfer coefficient on ground surface are analyzed.

Findings

The methane mole fraction distribution in soil is significantly affected by the leaking direction. Horizontally and vertically non-uniform soil porosity has a stronger effect. Increasing leaking pressure causes increasing methane mole flux and flow rate on the ground surface.

Originality/value

Most existing gas diffusion models in porous media are for one- or two-dimensional simulation, which is not enough for predicting three-dimensional diffusion process after natural gas leak in soil. The heat transfer between gas and soil was also neglected by most researchers, which is very important for predicting the gas-spreading process affected by the soil moisture variation because of water evaporation. In this paper, a three-dimensional numerical model is proposed to further analyze the methane–air transportation in soil using finite element method, with the presence of water evaporation and heat transfer in soil.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 31 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

Keywords

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Book part
Publication date: 4 March 2024

Frank Fitzpatrick

Abstract

Details

Understanding Intercultural Interaction: An Analysis of Key Concepts, 2nd Edition
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83753-438-8

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