This article, the first part of which was published in the September issue of ANTI‐CORROSION, is based on a lecture given by the author to the North‐ Eastern Branch of the…
Abstract
This article, the first part of which was published in the September issue of ANTI‐CORROSION, is based on a lecture given by the author to the North‐ Eastern Branch of the Institution of Corrosion Technology on 14 February 1967. Mr. Banfield, who is Corrosion and Materials officer in the Laporte Group of companies, concluded the first part of his article with the example of a stainless steel dished end which was suffering from inter‐granular corrosion. The function of titanium stabiliser in austenitic steel was then discussed ; this discussion now being concluded in the opening paragraphs of this second part of the article.
This article is a sequel to that published in ‘Anti‐Corrosion’ in September/October 1967 and describes a few more interesting cases which Mr. Banfield has come across in his…
Abstract
This article is a sequel to that published in ‘Anti‐Corrosion’ in September/October 1967 and describes a few more interesting cases which Mr. Banfield has come across in his position of Corrosion and Materials officer for the Laporte Group of companies.
This article, to be published in two parts, is based on a lecture given by the author to the North‐Eastern Branch of the Institution of Corrosion Technology on 14 Feb. 1967 and to…
Abstract
This article, to be published in two parts, is based on a lecture given by the author to the North‐Eastern Branch of the Institution of Corrosion Technology on 14 Feb. 1967 and to the London branch on 28 March 1967. Mr. Banfield is Corrosion and Materials officer in the Laporte Group of Companies.
R.H. Banfield and D.R. Gaskell
Case 1: A boiler raising steam by utilising heat from a 7% sulphur dioxide‐in‐air mixture failed because the protective corrugated cast iron shell round the tubes opened, exposing…
Abstract
Case 1: A boiler raising steam by utilising heat from a 7% sulphur dioxide‐in‐air mixture failed because the protective corrugated cast iron shell round the tubes opened, exposing the steel tubes to oxidation. Case 2 next month: Cracking of a 22 in. connecting main between two sulphur trioxide absorbers was found to have resulted from sulphur trioxide passing into the cast iron through the graphite flakes and attacking the adjoining ferrite.
D.R. Gaskell and R.H. Banfield
Centrifugally cast reformer tubes in a nominal 25 Cr 20 Ni austenitic stainless steel have cracked when used to carry out the reforming of butane‐steam mixtures to hydrogen—carbon…
Abstract
Centrifugally cast reformer tubes in a nominal 25 Cr 20 Ni austenitic stainless steel have cracked when used to carry out the reforming of butane‐steam mixtures to hydrogen—carbon monoxide—carbon dioxide mixtures, with firing temperature approaching 1,000°C, in reforming plants. Surface oxidation on the firing side, producing notching, has led to cracks which have been encouraged to propagate by chains of sigma phase. Machining off the unsound metal after casting has presented a good stable austenitic surface to the fire. Adjustments to the relative amounts of Cr and Ni, decrease in niobium content, increase in carbon content, and other minor adjustments have combined to give less oxidation and less crack propagation.
R.H. Banfield and D.R. Gaskell
The first part of this article (February issue) dealt with a failure in a boiler raising steam by using heat from a 7% SO2‐in‐air mixture; the protective corrugated cast iron…
Abstract
The first part of this article (February issue) dealt with a failure in a boiler raising steam by using heat from a 7% SO2‐in‐air mixture; the protective corrugated cast iron shell round the boiler tubes opened, exposing them to oxidation. The present case concerns cracking of a 22‐in. connecting main between two SO3 absorbers; this was found to be caused by SO3 passing into the cast iron through the graphite flakes and attacking the adjoining ferrite.
It has often been said that water can be, effectively, one of the most corrosive substances known, and many papers have been written on this theme, but perhaps the experiences…
Abstract
It has often been said that water can be, effectively, one of the most corrosive substances known, and many papers have been written on this theme, but perhaps the experiences related here may be sufficiently unusual to prove interesting and informative to those with similar problems. The hard, brackish water pumped from wells in the area adjoining the Manchester Ship Canal south‐west of Warrington caused some unexpected and troublesome plant breakdowns, particularly in 1958 and 1959. Another supply of water on the site, piped from Lake Vyrnwy in Wales, was soft and a source of slime‐producing organisms. Several years elapsed before these waters were understood and most of the difficulties resolved.
The author has written a number of times on the subject of failure investigation in chemical plants in the belief that this topic would be more interesting than that of materials…
Abstract
The author has written a number of times on the subject of failure investigation in chemical plants in the belief that this topic would be more interesting than that of materials selection. There has, however, been a growing interest in the somewhat tedious exercise of choosing materials of construction, say, for a large plant to operate a new process. The present paper is an attempt to describe the procedure in some detail.
M.N. Desai, S.M. Desai, M.H. Gandhi and C.B. Shah
This concluding part reviews the actions of inhibitors to acidic, ammonical, organic, atmospheric and miscellaneous product corrosion on aluminium. The comprehensive reference…
Abstract
This concluding part reviews the actions of inhibitors to acidic, ammonical, organic, atmospheric and miscellaneous product corrosion on aluminium. The comprehensive reference list is also concluded.
On May 12th the case for the abolition of night baking from the operatives' point of view was placed before the Committee appointed by the Government to investigate the subject…
Abstract
On May 12th the case for the abolition of night baking from the operatives' point of view was placed before the Committee appointed by the Government to investigate the subject under the chairmanship of Sir WILLIAM MACKENZIE. MR. BANFIELD, the General Secretary of the Union of Operative Bakers, Confectioners and Allied Workers, said there was a general demand for legislation prohibiting night work. Bakers looked old before their time, and the Chairman of the Richmond Tribunal had stated that no baker passed A1 had ever been before him. Witness urged that new bread was not so important as the health of the night worker, although new bread could be supplied under a system of day work. The only ground for night work was that it was in the interests of certain employers, but he said that 80 per cent. of the employers had enough ovens and plant to carry on a system of day work. He suggested the prohibition of night baking between the hours of 11 p.m. and 5 a.m., with legal provision for an extension of the prohibited hours at intervals. He added that 90 per cent. of the operative bakers would prefer day work. Continued night work was bad for the health of the baker. The returns showed that the rate of mortality from bronchitis among working bakers was abnormally high. This was due to the constant change from a heated atmosphere to a cooler one. The mortality from phthisis was slightly higher than the average, while the figures for suicide were considerably higher than the average Replying to the Chairman, MR. BANFIELD said that there need be no increase in the price of bread if night baking was prohibited, as any expense which might be occasioned to the employer could come out of the profits the employer now put into his pocket, instead of using it to extend his plant. His experience was that the bulk of the bread was not sold till late in the afternoon. Witness desired the abolition of the order prohibiting the sale of bread less than twelve hours old. He said that if the order was rigidly enforced it would itself solve the problem of night baking. He did not think, however, that there was sufficient justification for continuing the order, which, in his opinion, should be revoked and replaced by an enactment prohibiting night‐baking. The order, he said, was fairly extensively ignored, simply because, in his opinion, the local food committees refused to prosecute, or would not inspect. MR. CANNON, the owner of fifty bakers' shops in working districts of London, declared that the waste of bread resulting from the order prohibiting the sale of bread less than twelve hours old was enormous. The Food Controller in introducing the order, had introduced a new business—the stale bread industry, which consisted in the buying up of stale bread. He was not prepared to say what was done with it but it was not being used as bread. A strike of bakers would be futile as it would simply mean that housewives would bake their own bread, and after a little practice they would do it better than any baker.