NOT for a long time have books and libraries featured in the correspondence columns of The Times and other newspapers as regularly as they have in 1960. Earlier in the year Sir…
Abstract
NOT for a long time have books and libraries featured in the correspondence columns of The Times and other newspapers as regularly as they have in 1960. Earlier in the year Sir Alan Herbert's lending rights' scheme had a good run, and we have clearly not yet heard the last of it. Indeed, a Private Member's bill on the subject is to have its second reading in Parliament on December 9th. More recently, the Herbert proposals have had a by‐product in the shape of bound paperbacks, and a correspondence ensued which culminated in Sir Allen Lane's fifth‐of‐November firework banning hard‐covered Penguins for library use.
Dr Whitehead described this lecture as a stocktaking of the impact of the dietary goals over the three years since 1977 when the second edition of Dietary Goals for the United…
Abstract
Dr Whitehead described this lecture as a stocktaking of the impact of the dietary goals over the three years since 1977 when the second edition of Dietary Goals for the United States was published in the following form:
AN approximate solution of the boundary layer equations recently completed involved the assumption of a velocity profile through the boundary layerdepending on two parameters. As…
Abstract
AN approximate solution of the boundary layer equations recently completed involved the assumption of a velocity profile through the boundary layerdepending on two parameters. As a result the problem was reduced to that of the construction and solution of two equations governing the variation of these parameters around the surface of the cylinder considered. Earlier solutions, such as Pohlhauscn's, have made use of a single parameter only and have employed Kármán's momentum integral for its determination, but the additional, parameter now introduced necessitates the use of a further equation. It is the purpose of the present note to discuss and illustrate the properties of the second condition that was selected.
With the ever‐decreasing size of electronic components, examinesthe use of laser soldering, particularly of fine‐pitch, high valuedevices. Discusses the advantages and…
Abstract
With the ever‐decreasing size of electronic components, examines the use of laser soldering, particularly of fine‐pitch, high value devices. Discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using lasers and the applications to which they are suited. Looks at the different types of lasers and how their different wavelength of operation affects the soldering process. Describes an experimental laser soldering station and its ability to solder circuit boards. Concludes that modern electronic component packaging technology is demanding new techniques for the interconnection of devices, and that the application of lasers to the traditional technique of soldering will enable this tested process to be applicable to the very fine pitch devices now being introduced.
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Britain's merchant navy dominated the international maritime trade in the 19th century. The strong ship owners' lobby imposed on the shippers the only choice to contract either…
Abstract
Britain's merchant navy dominated the international maritime trade in the 19th century. The strong ship owners' lobby imposed on the shippers the only choice to contract either under bills of lading drafted almost totally on the ship owners' terms or not to contract. The conflict between Britain and its rival the American merchant navy precipitated a movement for the use of model contracts of shipment (carriage) and towards standardisation of the liability of International liner carriers by legislative intervention. The bill of lading through its use in international trade gained the characteristic of being the document which incorporates the contractual terms. So, the orally agreed contract of carriage gave way to the contract of carriage in the form of a bill of lading.
Recently major food and nutrition recommendations were made by the House of Commons Expenditure Committee on Preventive Medicine. The principle responses were contained in a…
Abstract
Recently major food and nutrition recommendations were made by the House of Commons Expenditure Committee on Preventive Medicine. The principle responses were contained in a subsequent government White Paper.
Sandra Bailey, James Ridley and Beth Greenhill
When the behaviour of people with intellectual disabilities challenges carers and services, complex and competing human rights issues may emerge. This article explores the human…
Abstract
When the behaviour of people with intellectual disabilities challenges carers and services, complex and competing human rights issues may emerge. This article explores the human rights issues raised by both people's challenging behaviour and the attempts of others to respond to those behaviours. It is suggested that a human rights‐based approach to challenging behaviour offers a vehicle for balancing the ethical issues involved. Key concepts and practical tools from within our service to support clinicians in working more ethically with people's challenges are introduced. The potential advantages of taking a human rights‐based approach relative to other ethical approaches are also explored.
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AIRCRAFT ENGINEERING was born in March 1929 of the belief that the emerging technology from which it took its title would become a fundamental element of engineering progress. The…
Abstract
AIRCRAFT ENGINEERING was born in March 1929 of the belief that the emerging technology from which it took its title would become a fundamental element of engineering progress. The keystone of its policy was that it would attempt to meet the needs of engineers and students working in this field and that its contents should be ‘written by engineers — for engineers’. That this venture was fully justified has been amply vindicated by the achievements of the industry during the ensuing 41 years — as recorded in the first 500 issues of this Journal, the major milestone celebrated this month. This is a propitious occasion on which to review the record to date because, although aviation has always been about looking forward, history is instructive and it is the impressive performance of the aerospace industry to date that inspires and motivates confidence in its future.
David Magaña-Lemus and Jorge Lara-Álvarez
Food security is an essential measure of welfare, especially for low-income families in developing countries. Policy makers should be aware of the harm food insecurity has on…
Abstract
Purpose
Food security is an essential measure of welfare, especially for low-income families in developing countries. Policy makers should be aware of the harm food insecurity has on vulnerable households. This chapter empirically addresses the problems of measuring and monitoring food security in Mexico.
Methodology/approach
We identify the macro and micro approaches for measuring food security. The macro approach uses variables at the country level. Usually, this information is available on a yearly basis, is easy to implement, and can be compared across countries. The micro approach uses household questionnaires to collect food security information. Our analysis suggests that a macro approach will not be as precise as the micro approach due to inequality (agroclimatic, social, and economic).
Findings
Empirical experience suggests that food insecurity and its severity can be captured at the household level using the Food Insecurity Experiences Questionnaire. This questionnaire allows us to calculate food security measurements that closely follow the food security definition.
Originality/value
From a public policy perspective, the different methodologies for measurement do not consider all the dimensions of food security as defined by the term. This chapter examines which approach provides the best measurement of food security.
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Describes the importance of estimating energy requirements and therelationship between energy expenditure and requirements. To estimatehabitual expenditure, and hence…
Abstract
Describes the importance of estimating energy requirements and the relationship between energy expenditure and requirements. To estimate habitual expenditure, and hence requirements, it is necessary to make measurements over long enough periods to take account of daily variation in expenditure (e.g weekday versus weekend) and the methodology adopted should not require that the subjects leave their normal environment or alter their typical activity pattern. Discusses traditional methods of measuring energy expenditure together with their limitations. Outlines the advantages of the doubly labelled water method for estimating habitual energy expenditure and describes the theoretical basis of the method. However, to estimate requirements as described by recent Department of Health and FAO/WHO/UNU reports requires the application of both the doubly labelled water method and traditional methodologies. Also discusses the usefulness of simultaneous heart rate monitoring.