R.D. Schueller and A.P. Plepys
Tape ball grid array (TBGA) packages offer many of theadvantages of plastic BGAs, namely excellent durability, improved board space utilisation and ease ofsurface mount assembly…
Abstract
Tape ball grid array (TBGA) packages offer many of the advantages of plastic BGAs, namely excellent durability, improved board space utilisation and ease of surface mount assembly along with the associated yield improvements. TBGA packages go a step further, however, and offer the added benefits of improved signal integrity, better heat dissipation, and extendability to higher pin counts. This paper outlines the design and material selection process to produce a low‐cost TBGA which allows the wire bonding of a die. This type of package offers an attractive solution for applications requiring mid to high I/O capability and good electrical and thermal properties. Preliminary results have demonstrated the feasibility of wire bonding to this package at temperatures up to 200°C.
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Gives a bibliographical review of the finite element methods (FEMs) applied for the linear and nonlinear, static and dynamic analyses of basic structural elements from the…
Abstract
Gives a bibliographical review of the finite element methods (FEMs) applied for the linear and nonlinear, static and dynamic analyses of basic structural elements from the theoretical as well as practical points of view. The range of applications of FEMs in this area is wide and cannot be presented in a single paper; therefore aims to give the reader an encyclopaedic view on the subject. The bibliography at the end of the paper contains 2,025 references to papers, conference proceedings and theses/dissertations dealing with the analysis of beams, columns, rods, bars, cables, discs, blades, shafts, membranes, plates and shells that were published in 1992‐1995.
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Fiorenza Belussi and Silvia Rita Sedita
The fragmentation of the production process is a major theme of research in international business. Trade benefits arise from the “slicing up” of the aggregate value chain, as…
Abstract
The fragmentation of the production process is a major theme of research in international business. Trade benefits arise from the “slicing up” of the aggregate value chain, as well as the entry of new countries bearing low labor costs. If, initially, multinational corporations (MNCs) relocated only standardized, low-value manufacturing activities in new emerging economies (exploitative offshoring), now they are also offshoring their knowledge-intensive activities (explorative offshoring). In the past, the literature on internationalization was mainly focused on the characterization of the MNC as a specific monolithic organization active in the international production. In the present, numerous analyses have discussed the international location of R&D activities, mainly in advanced countries. The foreign R&D subsidiaries are still tightly linked to the headquarters, maintaining a controlled position. Future research must address two orders of issues. The first is the progressive autonomy of the foreign subsidiaries, which are more and more developing new and independent lines of research. This process leads MNCs to mobilize and leverage untapped pools of knowledge scattered around the world. The second is the R&D offshoring toward emerging economies. This complex process can be characterized as a move from the smile model discussed extensively by Ram Mudambi (where emerging economies were considered as pools of low-cost labor tout court) to a new model, called here the λ (lambda) model (where emerging economies are also pools of skilled labor). This paper will explore these new trends using some illustrative cases: L'Oréal (FR), Pfizer (US), ST Microelectronics (CH), and Geox (I). The cases reveal the double orientation of MNCs toward emerging economies, where both explorative and exploitative offshoring takes place.
Naser Safaeian Hamzehkolaei, Mahmoud Miri and Mohsen Rashki
Reliability-based design optimizations (RBDOs) of engineering structures involve complex non-linear/non-differentiable performance functions, including both continuous and…
Abstract
Purpose
Reliability-based design optimizations (RBDOs) of engineering structures involve complex non-linear/non-differentiable performance functions, including both continuous and discrete variables. The gradient-based RBDO algorithms are less than satisfactory for these cases. The simulation-based approaches could also be computationally inefficient, especially when the double-loop strategy is used. This paper aims to present a pseudo-double loop flexible RBDO, which is efficient for solving problems, including both discrete/continuous variables.
Design/methodology/approach
The method is based on the hybrid improved binary bat algorithm (BBA) and weighed simulation method (WSM). According to this method, each BBA’s movement generates proper candidate solutions, and subsequently, WSM evaluates the reliability levels for design candidates to conduct swarm in a low-cost safe-region.
Findings
The accuracy of the proposed enhanced BBA and also the hybrid WSM-BBA are examined for ten benchmark deterministic optimizations and also four RBDO problems of truss structures, respectively. The solved examples reveal computational efficiency and superiority of the method to conventional RBDO approaches for solving complex problems including discrete variables.
Originality/value
Unlike other RBDO approaches, the proposed method is such organized that only one simulation run suffices during the optimization process. The flexibility future of the proposed RBDO framework enables a designer to present multi-level design solutions for different arrangements of the problem by using the results of the only one simulation for WSM, which is very helpful to decrease computational burden of the RBDO. In addition, a new suitable transfer function that enhanced convergence rate and search ability of the original BBA is introduced.
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Hannah R. Marston, Linda Shore, Laura Stoops and Robbie S. Turner
Women leaders operate within multiple roles, managing both work and nonwork obligations. Exploring work-life balance constructs, this study examined role integration, social…
Abstract
Women leaders operate within multiple roles, managing both work and nonwork obligations. Exploring work-life balance constructs, this study examined role integration, social support sources, and work-family conflict to determine their influence on women leaders. Findings suggested that women leaders felt the benefit of a variety of social support services, but especially from sources external to the organization. Women leaders were diverse in role integration strategies, with respondents largely divided between blurring and segregating their work and nonwork roles. Time-based work-family conflict was slightly more apparent than strain-based conflict. Women leaders also indicated that their work interfered with their family more than their family interfered with their work. Findings provide valuable insights as to how women view work-life balance within their roles as leaders.
Max Huber, Andreas Zienert, Perez Weigel, Martin Schüller, Hans-Reinhard Berger, Jörg Schuster and Thomas Otto
The purpose of this paper is to analyze and optimize synthetic jet actuators (SJAs) by means of a literature-known one-dimensional analytical model.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze and optimize synthetic jet actuators (SJAs) by means of a literature-known one-dimensional analytical model.
Design/methodology/approach
The model was fit to a wide range of experimental data from in-house built SJAs with different dimensions. A comprehensive parameter study was performed to identify coupling between parameters of the model and to find optimal dimensions of SJAs.
Findings
The coupling of two important parameters, the diaphragm resonance frequency and the cavity volume, can be described by a power law. Optimal orifice length and diameter can be calculated from cavity height in good agreement with literature. A transient oscillation correction is required to get correct simulation outcomes.
Originality/value
Based on these findings, SJA devices can be optimized for maximum jet velocity and, therefore, high performance.
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Anam and M. Israrul Haque
The rapid increase in analytics is playing an essential role in enlarging various practices related to the health sector. Big Data Analytics (BDA) provides multiple tools to…
Abstract
The rapid increase in analytics is playing an essential role in enlarging various practices related to the health sector. Big Data Analytics (BDA) provides multiple tools to store, maintain, and analyze large sets of data provided by different systems of health. It is essential to manage and analyze these data to get meaningful information. Pharmaceutical companies are accumulating their data in the medical databases, whereas the payers are digitalizing the records of patients. Biomedical research generates a significant amount of data. There has been a continuous improvement in the health sector for past decades. They have become more advanced by recording the patient’s data on the Internet of Things devices, Electronic Health Records efficiently. BD is undoubtedly going to enhance the productivity and performance of organizations in various fields. Still, there are several challenges associated with BD, such as storing, capturing, and analyzing data, and their subsequent application to a practical health sector.
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Steffen Kinkel, Oliver Kleine and Janis Diekmann
As a consequence of the sluggish growth in Europe caused by the Euro-crisis, many German companies are currently expanding their manufacturing and innovation activities in…
Abstract
Purpose
As a consequence of the sluggish growth in Europe caused by the Euro-crisis, many German companies are currently expanding their manufacturing and innovation activities in fast-growing China – or intend to do so. The paper aims to provide new practical and theoretical insights on how German manufacturing companies are readjusting and further developing their production and innovation strategies in China and which future paths they plan to follow to make the most out of their foreign factories in this market.
Design/methodology/approach
Based on in-depth interviews with the top management of 18 German manufacturing companies in China, this paper analyzes the present state, interlinkages and future development paths of their local manufacturing and innovation strategies, employing Ferdows' framework of foreign factory roles.
Findings
The authors find that up to now most of the surveyed factories represent an additional type of an advanced server factory, characterized by a “Chinese gap” in new product development (NPD) and basic innovations. Based on that the authors propose five guiding principles on how foreign factories in China can cope with the upcoming challenges in China and make the most of their local strategies.
Originality/value
The research provides unexpected insights of a high strategic relevance for practitioners currently engaged in optimising their global production and innovation footprint. It challenges established frameworks on foreign production and innovation modes by comparing them to the established practice of frontrunner companies from key sectors of the German manufacturing industry.