Reinforced Plastics have been widely used in the Aircraft Industry over the past ten years, but its application is still treated as something of a special field. The purpose of…
Abstract
Reinforced Plastics have been widely used in the Aircraft Industry over the past ten years, but its application is still treated as something of a special field. The purpose of these notes is to introduce the subject to the Drawing Office and to set simply before the draughtsman another engineering material. The use of plastics is not recommended for primary structure at present, due to insufficiency of test results, but for secondary structure they may offer advantages in robustness and non‐corrodibilily over light alloy, with increase in weight, and sometimes with less weight. In complex shaped fairings, the ease of forming of reinforced plastics enables the component to be moulded as an integral structure, thus reducing fabrication and consequently costs. The reduction in the number of parts means less weight and the resulting structure is often intrinsically stronger. They also have many applications where their particular properties, such as electrical properties, non‐corrodibility, acid resistance or high specific tensile strength are desirable. Typical applications for the material are summarized in TABLE I together with reasons for their use.
Manish Shukla and Sanjay Jharkharia
The purpose of this paper is to present a literature review of the fresh produce supply chain management (FSCM). FSCM includes the processes from the production to consumption of…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a literature review of the fresh produce supply chain management (FSCM). FSCM includes the processes from the production to consumption of fresh produce (fruits, flowers and vegetables).
Design/methodology/approach
Literature review is done by systematically collecting the existing literature over a period of 20 years (1989‐2009) and classifying it on the basis of structural attributes such as problem context, methodology and the product under consideration. The literature is also categorized according to the geographic region and year of publication.
Findings
There is an increase in interest towards FSCM still there is an absence of a journal with the prime attention towards FSCM. The key finding of this review is that the main interest is towards consumer satisfaction and revenue maximization with post‐harvest waste reduction being a secondary objective. It is revealed from the review that most of the literature is fragmented and is in silos. Lack of demand forecasting, demand and supply mismatch, lesser integrated approach etc are the major causes of concerns.
Research limitations/implications
The authors have taken only the fresh produce (fruits, flowers and vegetables), authors may also look at other perishable items such as milk, meat, etc.
Practical implications
Result shows a product‐problem‐methodology mapping which may serve as a framework for the managers addressing issues in FSCM.
Originality/value
Most of the prior literature reviews are focused on a specific issue such as production planning or inventory management and ignore the broader perspective. There exists a need of having a detailed literature review covering all the operational issues in FSCM. This review fills this gap in the FSCM literature.
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Ivana Tanasijević and Gordana Pavlović-Lažetić
The purpose of this paper is to provide a methodology for automatic annotation of a multimedia collection of intangible cultural heritage mostly in the form of interviews…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a methodology for automatic annotation of a multimedia collection of intangible cultural heritage mostly in the form of interviews. Assigned annotations provide a way to search the collection.
Design/methodology/approach
Annotation is based on automatic extraction of metadata and is conducted by named entity and topic extraction from textual descriptions with a rule-based approach supported by vocabulary resources, a compiled domain-specific classification scheme and domain-oriented corpus analysis.
Findings
The proposed methodology for automatic annotation of a collection of intangible cultural heritage, applied on the cultural heritage of the Balkans, has very good results according to F measure, which is 0.87 for the named entity and 0.90 for topic annotation. The overall methodology enables encapsulating domain-specific and language-specific knowledge into collections of finite state transducers and allows further improvements.
Originality/value
Although cultural heritage has a significant role in the development of identity of a group or an individual, it is one of those specific domains that have not yet been fully explored in case of many languages. A methodology is proposed that can be used for incorporating natural language processing techniques into digital libraries of cultural heritage.
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Examines early retail trade advertising in two typical UK provincial newspapers ‐ the ‘Leicester Journal’ and the ‘Leicester Chronicle’. Looks in depth at the differences in the…
Abstract
Examines early retail trade advertising in two typical UK provincial newspapers ‐ the ‘Leicester Journal’ and the ‘Leicester Chronicle’. Looks in depth at the differences in the style of advertising of the two newspapers, citing: food and drink; fashion; household products; and national brands ‐ but focusing more on localised adverts. Concludes that the years 1855‐1871 were exciting and of seemingly unlimited expansion for the middle class with a new affluence and that advertising enhanced this view, and ergo, the ‘Golden age of advertising’ in the 1890s was presaged by its foundation.
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Considers management of information and effective communication at times of crisis. Examines recent crises to illustrate how and why poor management of information and…
Abstract
Considers management of information and effective communication at times of crisis. Examines recent crises to illustrate how and why poor management of information and communication has had disastrous effects. Discusses basic rules together with preparation and training for crisis management, including a crisis checklist, phone lines, spokespersons, conveying the message and training support staff. Comments on the need for the establishment of house rules to avoid problems. Discusses interpretations of “off the record” and how problems can arise from differing interpretations. Establishes the value of simultaneous communication to all audiences.
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the use of television (TV) content for scholarly purposes. It focuses on: profile of scholars using TV content; the structure of their…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the use of television (TV) content for scholarly purposes. It focuses on: profile of scholars using TV content; the structure of their need for TV content; the situations in which scholars need TV content; and their patterns of use of TV content in each research stage.
Design/methodology/approach
Taylor’s four components of the information use environment has contributed to the development of a conceptual framework. The data from the use of TV content by 668 scholars were profiled using correspondence analysis and co-word analysis. Additionally, the data from 15 interviews and content from 240 journal articles were analysed.
Findings
The authors determined that the environment of the scholarly use of TV content is unique in terms of the scholars’ academic domains, research topics, motivation, and patterns of use. Six academic domains were identified as having used TV content to a meaningful degree, and their knowledge structure was presented as a map depicting the scholars’ needs for TV content. Scholars are likely to use TV content when they deal with timely social and cultural topics, or human behaviour. The scholars also showed different patterns of use of TV content at each stage of research.
Originality/value
In this study, TV content was newly examined from the perspective of an information source for scholarly purposes, and it was found to be a meaningful source in several domains. This result extends the knowledge of information sources in scholarly communication and information services.
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Saadia Asif and Adrian Sargeant
The increasingly competitive financial service environment has recently forced organizations to consider the role that their employees might play in the attainment of a genuinely…
Abstract
The increasingly competitive financial service environment has recently forced organizations to consider the role that their employees might play in the attainment of a genuinely sustainable source of competitive advantage. The role of internal communication has thus acquired particular significance as organizations strive to communicate customer needs, organizational values etc. to staff working at every level and, moreover, to encourage staff to maintain a two‐way dialogue with management. It is the purpose of this article to model this communications process, examining the nature of the process, the outcomes thereof and those variables that have the capacity to moderate outcomes, in the context of two UK Clearing Banks. A qualitative approach based on grounded theory has been adopted.
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Hui Li, Cheng Zhong, Xiaoguang Hu, Long Xiao and Xianfeng Huang
Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) offers a fast and effective way to acquire DSM and extract ground objects such as building, trees and so on. However, it is difficult to…
Abstract
Purpose
Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) offers a fast and effective way to acquire DSM and extract ground objects such as building, trees and so on. However, it is difficult to extract sharp and precise building boundary from LiDAR data, because its ground sample distance (GSD) is often worse than that of high resolution image. Recently, fusion of LiDAR and high resolution image becomes a promising approach to extract precise boundary. To find the correct and precise boundary, the aim of this paper is to present a series of novel algorithms to improve the quality.
Design/methodology/approach
To find the correct and precise boundary, this paper presents a series of novel algorithms to improve the quality. At first, a progressive algorithm is presented to register LiDAR data and images; second, a modified adaptive TIN algorithm is presented to filter ground point, where a region growth method is applied in the adaptive TIN algorithm; third, a novel criterion based on the density, connectivity and distribution of point cluster is developed to distinguish trees point; fourth, a novel method based on the height difference between neighbor points is employed to extract coarse boundaries; at last, a knowledge based rule is put forward to identify correct building boundary from parallel edges.
Findings
Thorough experiments, it is conducted that: the registration results are accurate and reliable; filtered ground points has good quality, without missing or redundancy; all tree clusters bigger than one grid are detected, and points of walls and edges are eliminated with the new criterion; detected edges exactly locate at real building boundaries, and statistics show the detection correctness is 98 percent, and the detection completeness is 95 percent.
Originality/value
All results prove that precise boundary can be extracted with fusion of LiDAR and high resolution image.
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Mourad Mroua, Fathi Abid and Wing Keung Wong
The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the literature in three ways: first, the authors investigate the impact of the sampling errors on optimal portfolio weights and on…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the literature in three ways: first, the authors investigate the impact of the sampling errors on optimal portfolio weights and on financial investment decision. Second, the authors advance a comparative analysis between various domestic and international diversification strategies to define a stochastic optimal choice. Third, the authors propose a new methodology combining the re-sampling method, stochastic optimization algorithm, and nonparametric stochastic dominance (SD) approach to analyze a stochastic optimal portfolio choice for risk-averse American investors who care about benefits of domestic diversification relative to international diversification. The authors propose a new portfolio optimization model involving SD constraints on the portfolio return rate. The authors define a portfolio with return dominating the benchmark portfolio return in the second-order stochastic dominance (SSD) and having maximum expected return. The authors combine re-sampling procedure and stochastic optimization to establish more flexibility in the investment decision rule.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors apply the re-sampling procedure to consider the sampling error in the optimization process. The authors try to resolve the problem of the stochastic optimal investment strategy choice using the nonparametric SD test by Linton et al. (2005) based on sub-sampling simulated p values. The authors apply the stochastic portfolio optimization algorithm with SSD constraints to define optimal diversified portfolios beating benchmark indices.
Findings
First, the authors find that reducing sampling error increases the dominance relationships between different portfolios, which, in turn, alters portfolio investment decisions. Though international diversification is preferred in some cases, the study’s results show that for risk-averse US investors, in general, there is no difference between the diversification strategies; this implies that there is no increase in the expected utility of international diversification for the period before and after the 2007-2008 financial crisis. Nevertheless, the authors find that stochastic diversification in domestic, global, and Europe, Australasia, and Far East markets delivers better risk returns for the US risk averters during the crisis period.
Originality/value
The originality of the idea in this paper is to introduce a new methodology combining the concept of portfolio re-sampling, stochastic portfolio optimization with SSD constraints, and the nonparametric SD test by Linton et al. (2005) based on subsampling simulated p values to analyze the impact of sampling errors on optimal portfolio returns and to investigate the problem of stochastic optimal choice between international and domestic diversification strategies. The authors try to prove more coherence in the portfolio choice with the stochastically and the uncertainty characters of the paper.
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Cartosat‐1 is the first Indian Remote Sensing satellite, developed for topographic mapping, able to collect in‐track high‐resolution stereo images with a 2.5 m pixel size. In the…
Abstract
Purpose
Cartosat‐1 is the first Indian Remote Sensing satellite, developed for topographic mapping, able to collect in‐track high‐resolution stereo images with a 2.5 m pixel size. In the framework of the Cartosat‐1 Scientific Assessment Programme (C‐SAP), the Politecnico di Milano University (Italy) evaluated the performances of the Cartosat‐1 satellite in the generation of digital terrain models (DTMs) from stereo‐couples. The purpose of this paper is to describe in detail the outcomes for the Salon de Provence (France) test site, with respect to existing standards and products actually used in France and also to provide a comparison with the global Shuttle Radar Topography Mission's DTM freely available from by NASA.
Design/methodology/approach
The Cartosat‐1 data processing was done using the commercial off‐the‐shelf software ENVI®, selected for investigating the capabilities and limits of the system using standard image processing tools, so from the point of view of a typical remote sensing user. The data processing involved the following aspects: data pre‐processing; optimization of the DTM's extraction procedure; analysis of the influence of ground control points' (GCPs) in the generated DTMs; analysis of the influence of the DTM's resolution in the elevation accuracy; and post‐processing refinement.
Findings
When generating relative DTMs an error was observed in elevation of some hundreds of meters. After georeferencing, the root mean square error (RMSE) was between 9.0 and 14.2 m and the LE90 between 16.1 and 19.0 m. When generating absolute DTMs, the optimum number of GCPs was found to be 9, with a regular geometric distribution (4.6 m RMSE and 6.5 m LE90 for 10 m grid cell size). Post‐processing may be applied to enhance results (1.6 m RMSE and 2.0 m LE90 for 10 m grid cell size). In this case, the absolute DTMs fulfilled and also overcame the standards required for the IGNs and Spot Image's Reference 3D®.
Originality/value
This paper describes the outcomes of the C‐SAP led by the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing and the Indian Space Research Organisation for evaluating the capabilities of the last Cartosat‐1 satellite. The aim is to provide remote sensing users a comprehensive study about the potentialities and limits of the Cartosat‐1 images for multi‐resolution DTM generation (from 5 to 90 m grid cell size).