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P.D. Knudsen, R.L. Brainard and K.T. Schell
As printed wiring boards move to thin laminate structures, there is growing interest in the use of photoimageable coatings to serve as dielectric. Shipley has developed a liquid…
Abstract
As printed wiring boards move to thin laminate structures, there is growing interest in the use of photoimageable coatings to serve as dielectric. Shipley has developed a liquid photoimageable dielectric which combines liquid coating, imaging and plateability. This paper presents work using this material to produce electrolessly plated lines and blind vias, along with initial adhesion data. Some of the interesting properties of this material are: low dielectric constant, low moisture absorption and good compliance to stress. The material can be processed to provide a high Tg and high plated adhesion can be obtained using conventional swell and etch techniques. It can be imaged and processed using conventional printed circuit coating and imaging techniques. This material will offer a relatively low cost alternative to thin clad laminates and may find use for adding one or two layers to a conventional multilayer board or in providing surface topography for surface mount devices. The paper describes recent developments related to this dielectric and its use.
E.C. Couble, O.B. Dutkewych, S.M. Florio, M.V. Marsh and R.F. Staniunas
The technological development and characteristics of an innovative process and composition for immersion plating and fusing of a solderable tin/lead deposit over copper are…
Abstract
The technological development and characteristics of an innovative process and composition for immersion plating and fusing of a solderable tin/lead deposit over copper are discussed. The process offers a viable alternative to hot air solder levelling, electrodeposition/selective stripping, or inhibitor coatings for maintaining solderability of printed wiring boards. A flat, uniform solderable tin/lead coating on all feature surfaces and edges is achieved. A number of important benefits are derived. The ability to coat any copper surface uniformly, including fine pitch features, is substantially enhanced. Solderability is improved because of a thick, flat, co‐planar and uniform tin/lead deposit on all copper surfaces. Typical thickness and composition of the fused alloy are 150 to 300 microinches (4 to 8 microns) and 65 to 75% tin.
Abstract
Rayman Mohamed, Robin Boyle, Allan Yilun Yang and Joseph Tangari
There is a resurgence in the adaptive reuse of buildings. However, there is a lack of literature that pulls all the strands of adaptive reuse together. Furthermore, despite claims…
Abstract
Purpose
There is a resurgence in the adaptive reuse of buildings. However, there is a lack of literature that pulls all the strands of adaptive reuse together. Furthermore, despite claims that it is motivated by the 3 Es of the sustainability triangle, the authors could find no research that critiques adaptive reuse from this perspective. The purpose of this study is to review the literature to collect pertinent information in a single place and to critically examine whether adaptive reuse incorporates the 3 Es of sustainability.
Design/methodology/approach
The methodological approach of this study is a literature review and a critical analysis of the practice of adaptive review.
Findings
Adaptive reuse is concentrated at the environment and economic development corners of the sustainability triangle. There are positive interactions along this edge. The authors attribute this to the fact that the same actors – the private and public sectors – are located at both corners of the triangle, and they have shared interests. This is different from the wider sustainability literature, where major actors at each corner are different and tensions along each edge are resolved through mediation. In adaptive reuse, there are no actors at the equity corner of the triangle, and there are minimal attempts to address concerns along the equity–environment and equity–economic development edges of the triangle.
Research limitations/implications
This study focuses on the USA.
Practical implications
This study suggests policy interventions that address the equity issue in adaptive reuse.
Originality/value
This is the first study to provide a succinct review of contemporary adaptive reuse and that places the practice within the framework of the 3 Es of sustainability.
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Appointments BP Singapore Mr J. L. Whitfield has been given special responsibility for the installation, commissioning and operation of BP's new industrial laminates plant in…
NORMALLY, the SSR interrogator is used in conjunction with a primary radar, the two systems being complementary. Primary Radar depends on the reflection of radio signals. These…
Abstract
NORMALLY, the SSR interrogator is used in conjunction with a primary radar, the two systems being complementary. Primary Radar depends on the reflection of radio signals. These signals have to be strong enough to survive the two‐way path, therefore the emitted signals must be of relatively high power. Signals reflected from hills, trees, buildings and precipitation will also be received and displayed on the PPI, thus causing clutter on the display and confusing the picture.
Competitiveness of cities forces the city and public sector representatives to invent new methods of management and use the innovative thinking. Success of cities, based on…
Abstract
Competitiveness of cities forces the city and public sector representatives to invent new methods of management and use the innovative thinking. Success of cities, based on Etzkowitz and Leyedesdorff (2000), has to take into account new strategies of co-operation of the academic institutions with the local authorities, entrepreneurs (in our case in tourism business) and new graduates focused on high-tech industries and start-up businesses. This trend is based on the principles of New Economic Geography (Krugman, 1994; Porter, 1998) and the new Theory of Growth (Romer, 1990), which enforce the importance of knowledge capital and smart technologies. Hjalager (2002) supported the idea of the importance of the institutional innovations and Ward (1998) mentioned that universities and research institutes are key entities to promote smart technologies and decisions in a city (Triple Helix concept). The purpose of the chapter is to discuss the results of research conducted in Waterloo, Canada, Ontario, which belongs to the Ontario Technological Triangle. Waterloo is a city of two universities, Waterloo University and Wilfred Laurier University. The purpose of the chapter is to discuss the results of research conducted in Waterloo, Canada, Ontario, which was focused on the competitiveness growth through the implementation of the smart management systems (Triple Helix Model) in the city marketing and governance. Some of these approaches influenced also tourism business due to multiplication effect and the growing competitiveness is a source of a continual growth of students, visitors and entrepreneurs to the city and the region.
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Brian L. Steuerwald, Allison R. Brown, Malek Mneimne and David Kosson
The purpose of this paper is to test the attenuated-anger and heightened-anger hypotheses of psychopathy by assessing the physiological, behavioral, and subjective measures of…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to test the attenuated-anger and heightened-anger hypotheses of psychopathy by assessing the physiological, behavioral, and subjective measures of anger in individuals with and without psychopathic traits.
Design/methodology/approach
In all, 62 male college students were assigned to one of three groups based on evidence of elevated affective-interpersonal (Factor 1) and antisocial lifestyle (Factor 2) traits associated with psychopathy (the IF1+F2 group), evidence of only Factor 2 traits (the F2 only group), or based on the absence of psychopathic traits (the control group), using Gough’s (1957) Socialization scale and a modified, interview only form of Hare’s (1991) Psychopathy Checklist-Revised. To induce anger, participants received unjust criticism about their performance on a computer-based affective lexical decision task and were denied a performance bonus they had reason to expect.
Findings
Following provocation, the three groups displayed similar increases in blood pressure, pulse, and self-reported anger. The control and IF1+F2 groups also displayed similar retaliation toward the confederate. However, the IF1+F2 group displayed smaller increases on two of three measures of facial muscle activity associated with anger.
Originality/value
This study is one of the first to assess anger responsiveness in individuals with psychopathic traits using a powerful anger induction and using physiological, behavioral, and subjective indices of anger. It is also the first to assess both the attenuated-anger and the heightened-anger hypotheses of psychopathy. The findings appear largely inconsistent with both perspectives.