S. Jelassi, R. Romary and J.F. Brudny
The aim of this paper is to estimate the iron losses for an induction machine in the healthy case taking the slotting effect into account and to study the effect of an inter‐turn…
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this paper is to estimate the iron losses for an induction machine in the healthy case taking the slotting effect into account and to study the effect of an inter‐turn short‐circuit on these losses. Theoretical results are then compared with experimental ones.
Design/methodology/approach
A simple analytical model of iron losses allows one to calculate and to appreciate the contribution of the slotting effect on induction machine iron losses without and with an inter‐turn stator short‐circuit. This semi‐analytical approach is based on the iron stator and rotor flux density repartition which is deduced from the air‐gap flux density.
Findings
The iron losses are not only due to the fundamental air‐gap flux density, but also to the slotting harmonics. In fact, the slotting effect generates harmonic flux density waves with very low magnitudes but with high‐angular velocities, leading to non‐negligible harmonic iron dynamic losses which have similar values on both the stator and the rotor. The inter‐turn short‐circuit generates an iron losses and a slotting harmonic contribution increase.
Research limitations/implications
Experimental measurements give the total iron losses. They do not allow separating the fundamental and the slotting harmonics contribution.
Practical implications
The knowledge of the iron losses behaviour in the healthy machine taking into account the slotting effect is important to optimize the design. The fault contribution on these losses allows one to estimate the damage which can be engendered by the fault.
Originality/value
Generally, iron losses studies and calculations are performed numerically using finite element software. The analytical approach can be interesting because it allows one to make faster calculations and to analyze the influence of the machine geometric parameters.
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D. Thailly, R. Romary, D. Roger and J‐F. Brudny
Non‐intrusive magnetic measurements in AC machines are possible with small flat coils stuck on the external surface of the housing of a running motor. The aim of the paper…
Abstract
Purpose
Non‐intrusive magnetic measurements in AC machines are possible with small flat coils stuck on the external surface of the housing of a running motor. The aim of the paper consists in determining transmission coefficients able to give a direct relationship between the weak external flux density and the airgap one.
Design/methodology/approach
An experimental approach shows that the decoupling principle can be applied. Transmission coefficients are determined separately for the stator yoke, the motor housing and the external air.
Findings
For low frequencies and a housing made of steel, eddy current can be neglected. The transmission coefficient depends strongly of the mode (number of poles) of the rotating field. Conversely, for higher harmonic ranks, the additional attenuation caused by eddy currents in the housing does not practically depend on the mode but is strongly dependant on the frequency.
Research limitations/implications
The transmission coefficients are determined considering a 2D electromagnetic model and several simplifying hypothesis. Experiments prove the validity of the proposed approach up to 550 Hz.
Practical implications
Up to now, many fault detection systems are based on the presence of additional harmonics in the external magnetic field spectrum. With the knowledge of simple transmission coefficients, an analysis of the variation of the magnitude of critical spectrum lines is now possible for a more precise fault detection in AC machines.
Originality/value
To the authors' knowledge, the only alternative way for the interpretation of external field measurements consist in using a numerical method with a full model of the machine which takes a lot of computation time. The proposed transmission coefficients provide a faster method valid for most of the interesting spectrum lines.
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Sijie Ni, Grégory Bauw, Raphael Romary, Bertrand Cassoret and Jean Le Besnerais
This paper aims to optimize passive damper system (PDS) design by configuring its parameters to improve its performance and behavior in permanent magnet synchronous machines…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to optimize passive damper system (PDS) design by configuring its parameters to improve its performance and behavior in permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM).
Design/methodology/approach
First, the principle and effectiveness of the PDS are recalled. Second, the impact of different PDS parameters on its operation is analyzed. Third, a multi-objective optimization is proposed to explore a compromise design of PDS. Finally, the transient finite element method simulation is performed to validate the optimized design, which can ensure an excellent noise reduction effect and weaker negative impacts.
Findings
A suitable capacitance value in PDS is a key to realizing the damping effect. A larger copper wire can improve the noise reduction performance of PDS and reduce its Joule losses. A compromise solution obtained from a multi-objective optimization remains the excellent noise reduction and reduces Joule losses.
Originality/value
This paper explores the impact of PDS parameters on its operation and provides an orientation of PDS optimization, which is favorable to extend its application in different electrical machines.
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Gregory Bauw, Bertrand Cassoret, Olivier Ninet and Raphael Romary
The purpose of this paper is to present a design method for induction machines including a three-phase damper winding for noise and vibrations reduction.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a design method for induction machines including a three-phase damper winding for noise and vibrations reduction.
Design/methodology/approach
In the first part, the principle of the damper winding is recalled. The second part presents the iterative design method which is applied on a 4-kW pulse width modulation (PWM)-fed induction machine to study the impact of the additional winding on the geometry. In the third part, the finite-element method is used to validate the designed geometry and highlight the harmonic flux density reduction. Finally, some experimental results are given.
Findings
The study shows that the impact of the additional three-phase winding on the geometry and weight of the machine is low. Moreover, the proposed noise reduction method allows one to reduce the total noise level of a PWM-fed induction machine up to 8.5 dBA.
Originality/value
The originality of the paper concerns the design and characterization of a three-phase damper winding for a noiseless induction machine. The principle of this proposed noise reduction method is new and has been patented.
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Keywords
Cristian Demian, Raphael Romary, Gilles Vogt and Valentin Costan
The axial magnetic field occurs in the end-region of large turbo-generators is known to induce hot points or voltages between laminations, that may cause insulation breakdown and…
Abstract
Purpose
The axial magnetic field occurs in the end-region of large turbo-generators is known to induce hot points or voltages between laminations, that may cause insulation breakdown and thus stator faults.
Design/methodology/approach
It is important to dispose of simple methods for estimating the axial flux rapidly with regard to the operating point of the machine.
Findings
The authors provide a practical model of the axial magnetic field based on a simplified vector diagram. The parameters required to build the vector composition of the flux densities are assessed with a limited number of finite element method simulations of the whole end-region of the machine. These simulations were validated by an experimental test on a real turbo-generator. Then the axial flux density was simply estimated for various operating points.
Originality/value
The originality of the paper concerns the practical model of the axial magnetic field based on a simplified vector diagram.
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Keywords
The purpose of this paper is to obtain an integrated method for inter-turn short circuit fault detection for the cage-rotor induction machine (CRIM) considering saturation effect…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to obtain an integrated method for inter-turn short circuit fault detection for the cage-rotor induction machine (CRIM) considering saturation effect.
Design/methodology/approach
The magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) is proposed for machine modeling and nonlinear B-H curve is considered for saturation effect. The machine has some differential equations which are converted to algebraic type by trapezoidal method. On the other hand, some nonlinear equations are present due to saturation effect. A set of nonlinear algebraic equation should be solved by numerical method. Therefore, the Newton-Raphson technique is used for equation solving during of the considered time step.
Findings
Generally, the operating point of electrical machines is close to the saturation zone due to designing considerations. Moreover, some current and torque harmonics will be produced due to time and space harmonics combination, which cannot be studied when saturation modeling is neglected. Considering both space and time harmonics, a method is proposed for inter-turn short circuit fault detection based on the stator current signatures and the machine performance is analyzed in healthy and faulty cases. In order to obtain the integrated method, two sample machines (two and also four-pole machines) are modeled and finally the accuracy of the proposed method is verified through the experimental results.
Research limitations/implications
The calculations have been done in this work is limited to CRIM considering. However, the presented modeling method can be used for another types of electrical machines by some minor modifications.
Originality/value
Obtaining of an integrated formula for the inter-turn short circuit fault detection which has been presented for first time is the more advantages of present work. Moreover, in order to saturation effect considering, a new method is presented for solving of nonlinear equations which is another novelty of paper.
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Mohamed Omar Younsi, Olivier Ninet, Fabrice Morganti, Jean-Philippe Lecointe, Farid Zidat and Matthieu Buire
This paper aims to study the influence of supply voltage variations on the external magnetic field emitted by grid-powered induction machines (IMs).
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to study the influence of supply voltage variations on the external magnetic field emitted by grid-powered induction machines (IMs).
Design/methodology/approach
Two models are developed in the paper to analyse, for different supply voltage values, the influence of the variations of the magnetizing voltage for which there is a link with the tangential component of the external flux. The first is an analytical model based on the IM single-phase-equivalent circuit with variable magnetizing reactance to take into account the saturation of the magnetic circuit. The second is a numerical finite element simulation to model the same phenomenon. Results of both models are analysed with experimental measures of the external flux.
Findings
The study shows that the amplitude of the external field strongly depends on supply voltage values.
Research limitations/implications
The investigation is mainly focused on the tangential component of the external magnetic field which is of high importance concerning the applicability of non-invasive methods of diagnosis, as electromagnetic torque estimation developed by the authors or internal fault determination.
Originality/value
The originality of the paper concerns the characterization of the external flux with the supply voltage for IMs. It is shown that the magnetic circuit radiates external flux differently with the load and with the supply voltage.
Details
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Maria Dems, Krzysztof Komeza, Slawomir Wiak and Sara Fernández Coya
– The purpose of this paper is to present the distribution of the magnetic field and additional losses analysis of the induction motors (IM) with opened and closed rotor slots.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present the distribution of the magnetic field and additional losses analysis of the induction motors (IM) with opened and closed rotor slots.
Design/methodology/approach
In the field-circuit approach the distribution and changes of magnetic flux density in the motor are computed using a time-stepping finite element method. The additional losses in each element are evaluated at different frequencies.
Findings
An approximate analytical formulation is derived for rapid losses computation confirmed by the results of field-circuit method. For high-voltage motors due to the size ratios of the core and relatively deep stator and rotor slots major role in causing loss of higher harmonics play a fundamental slot harmonics. Higher harmonics order bigger than 100 cause only small part of total higher harmonics core losses. Closed rotor slots construction influenced significantly on no-load losses mainly due to reduction of losses at slot upper part. For nominal load condition that influence is not so strong according to the saturation of slot tips by rotor leakage flux. Nevertheless, core losses at load are several times higher as at no-load.
Research limitations/implications
In future research authors will take into account motors feed from PWM inverter, working in the frequency range up to 400 Hz.
Practical implications
The results of investigation will be used in more detailed design of IMs especially for motors with closed rotor slots.
Originality/value
The methods presented in the paper was not used before. Also results of additional losses in the motor core calculation, especially according motors with closed slots at no load and load conditions are new.
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Keywords
Stéphane Duchesne, Ewa Napieralska‐Juszczak and Daniel Roger
A new model able to describe the high frequency (HF) behaviour of the laminated cores of AC machines is proposed. The aim is to compute the external flux density of machine cores…
Abstract
Purpose
A new model able to describe the high frequency (HF) behaviour of the laminated cores of AC machines is proposed. The aim is to compute the external flux density of machine cores, corresponding to electromagnetic emissions in the HF range when the skin effect is predominant.
Design/methodology/approach
For high frequencies, the skin depth is much lower than the thickness of a lamination and the external flux density is determined using a new analytical model. The validity of this model is confirmed by measurements performed on a magnetic core representing a small part of a large machine and a finite element 3D simulation.
Findings
For high frequencies, the external flux density is computed considering an equivalent current layer flowing on the laminated core external surface. Eddy currents in the laminated core have a large influence on the current density in this current layer.
Research limitations/implications
The new model proposed is valid when the skin depth is lower than half the thickness of a lamination.
Practical implications
The knowledge of the machine magnetic core behaviour in the frame of the HF electromagnetic emissions has practical applications for large AC machine maintenance such as the localization of partial discharges in the winding insulation. With this model, it is possible to analyse the information given by small magnetic sensors placed between the machine core and the external frame to solve all the insulation problems.
Originality/value
The new proposed model is able to establish a link between the electric HF phenomena in the windings of a working machine and the magnetic flux density outside the laminated core.
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Keywords
This paper aims at analysing the impact of open access (OA) on the creation, retrieval and transfer of scientific knowledge. In doing so, the focus is set on scientific research…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims at analysing the impact of open access (OA) on the creation, retrieval and transfer of scientific knowledge. In doing so, the focus is set on scientific research as one core function of higher education institutions. It also aims to identify potential advantages of OA over traditional subscription‐based publishing models from the viewpoint of academic scientists.
Design/methodology/approach
The approach of this study can be classified as analytical conceptual research. First the SECI model of organisational knowledge creation is applied to knowledge management in science (with the university as organisation). In a second step the resulting framework is used to describe influences of OA on the management of scientific knowledge.
Findings
OA accelerates the creation and widens the dissemination of scientific knowledge. Subject‐based repositories are suggested to provide the best conditions for retrieval of scientific knowledge. Furthermore, in terms of economic efficiency, OA has the potential to significantly decrease the costs of scholarly communication.
Research limitations/implications
In this paper the focus of investigation is academic research. Thus in order to get the “big picture” the influence of openly accessible information on knowledge management processes in teaching and administration should also be evaluated. The approach used in this paper seems to be suitable for such an analysis.
Practical implications
The findings of the paper are of interest for policy makers in higher education institutions – especially when facing decisions regarding the (financial) support of OA initiatives.
Originality/value
The paper adds a theoretically sound approach of analysing OA impacts to the existing literature in this field.