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Considers section 7 of the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 concerning demolition of and alterations to listed buildings. Examines the legal meanings of the terms “demolition” and “works which may affect character” and the distinction between them by reference to appropriate court cases. Concludes that the difficulty surrounding Listed Building Consent, evidenced by the number of court cases, shows a need for clearer advice to be presented to those with a legal interest in listed buildings.

In this chapter, the authors investigate the experiences of air passengers in the airside setting of commercial airports. Whilst the concept of liminality has found increased interest in tourism studies, only few studies have contextualized the airside experience as a liminal one. We investigate the role of food and beverage (F&B) consumption in this context as well as factors influencing F&B outlet patronage intentions. Using a European non-hub commercial airport as practical unit, we applied a mixed methods single case-study methodology to investigate F&B outlet choice in the airside setting. It becomes evident that perceptions of liminality play an important role in this context. Findings support the claim that the airport environment constitutes a special context, an encapsuled or protected space; not only for passengers, but also for employees alike. Whilst airports have a certain uniformity to regular travelers, infrequent travelers perceive air travel as an extraordinary activity, often paired with a certain uncertainty about related procedures. Evidence suggests that passengers’ emotional states play a key role in consumption decisions. Depending on travel purpose and direction, passengers showed differing consumption behaviors.

Understanding the airport airside area as a liminoid space and using the concept of boundary work for the transition between home and work realms (and back again) thus serves as a suitable frame of reference to help understand the phenomena that were observed and analyzed in this study. F&B consumption can then be understood to support the mental transition between home and work realms. Our findings thus allow linking the passenger clusters’ different consumption behavior to prevailing emotional states in their transgressions between work and home realm in the liminoid airside context.

Considers the recent changes in the law and practice of the preservation of listed buildings, particularly revised legislation which allows increased protection measures, greater willingness to take action against owners, and the division of responsibilities in government between the Department of Environment and the Department of National Heritage. Concludes that the powers to prevent unauthorised work and neglect to listed buildings are now much strengthened.

At a time, when there are world-wide calls for sustainable building design and construction focusing on building adaptation and remodeling rather than demolition and replacement, a local system of remodeling and functional adaptation has been applied in many residential and commercial buildings in Bangladesh. Focusing on case studies in Dhaka city where major urban regeneration takes place, building adaptation is an emerging practice where economy has a critical role to play in convincing client, users, designers and builders to encourage the local method of adaptation process to suit the changing need of the occupants.

A case of adaptation of a residential building has been studied to generate an understanding of the local adaptation process. This process is found in many parts of the inner city built environment, which collectively affects urban regeneration process and reshape the urban form of the city and its edge condition. Findings from the exploratory studies suggest that despite the absence of Habraken's support-infill knowledge, the local practice of adaptation can be institutionalized as a sustainable building development process that is more economic and place-responsive approach than rebuilding.

VI.—OUT‐STATIONS IT has already been pointed out that the engineering maintenance department is a minor factor to the major factor of flying operations and, therefore, for maximum overall efficiency it may be necessary to run the engineering side of the work on a basis of over‐suitability. Admitting this state, it becomes expedient to arrange the work so that as little as possible is done by the more inefficient, i.e. the more over‐suitable, sections. Inefficiencies of the kind which will occur in the organization envisaged are caused principally by the necessity for rendering good service under conditions of peak load, and this entails the availability of labour and equipment in excess of normal requirements. This is particularly so at stations on the routes where aircraft stop for traffic and carry on according to a published schedule. The work done at such stations is principally refuelling, re‐oiling and perhaps some attention to cabin conditions. The personnel, however, must be prepared, and able, to attend to any complaint made by the pilot, or to do a daily inspection overnight with whatever preventative maintenance that may entail. In the case of larger aircraft, assistance may be rendered by the flight mechanic, though this assistance should not be counted upon to too great an extent, as the mechanic's flight duties may be heavy on that day or the next, and his alacrity should not be compromised by work which may demand his mental or physical labours during what should be his rest period.

Throughout Europe there is an ever‐increasing number of properties or areas protected due to their cultural heritage interest. This results in obligations for owners (duties to maintain, keep in good repair, etc.). However, it is generally accepted that laws and policies must provide positive incentives as well as the negative controls in order to successfully preserve and use this heritage. In the UK there is now a well‐developed system of grant aid and a few fiscal measures but demand for assistance outweighs supply. In Ireland a limited amount of financial support measures have recently been provided. Looking further afield, this study examines the need for developing specific measures according to European policy and identifies practice in European Union countries and North America in relation to grant assistance, loans, fiscal and compensation measures. A second paper will examine economic arguments and methods of combining support to sustain the built heritage.

Over the last two decades the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have been actively restoring their modest urban heritage. However, conservation actions are not streamlined within the country and there is no legislation to protect this heritage. A number of European experts have been invited to carry out studies, but the extent of this involvement has not been clear.

To illustrate this, conservation interventions in specific urban and architectural heritage sites, namely Al Bastakia in Dubai and Al Merraija in Sharjah, were examined.

First, this paper discusses conservation philosophy, meanings and practices. This is to assist understanding of the broader conservation issues affecting urban and architectural heritage in the UAE. Then, it presents historical accounts of architectural and urban heritage practices in Dubai and Sharjah. Finally, conservation approaches implemented over the last two decades within the two historic sites are compared and evaluated.