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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1968

R. MCG. HARDEN

Faced with an unprecented growth in available knowledge it is now almost impossible for the doctor, whether in clinical practice or engaged in research, to keep abreast of current…

71

Abstract

Faced with an unprecented growth in available knowledge it is now almost impossible for the doctor, whether in clinical practice or engaged in research, to keep abreast of current developments. Both the research worker and the clinician would benefit greatly from ready access to papers dealing with their areas of interest. Most have experienced the sense of frustration that arises from knowing that somewhere one has seen a piece of information, but one does not quite know where. The human brain as a storage system is poorly organized and as a retrieval system is chancy at best (Ann. Int. Med., 1967). What is needed is some aid to memory. To obtain an estimate of the magnitude of one aspect of the problem I reviewed papers I published in 1965–66. The total number was thirty‐two, the average number of references per paper nineteen and the total number of references cited was 595. This, however, is only the tip of the iceberg and represents only a fraction of the references to be reviewed. It was obvious that some form of automated literature retrieval system was desirable if not essential, and it is the purpose of the present paper to report my experiences of such a system.

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Aslib Proceedings, vol. 20 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0001-253X

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1975

J.L. JOLLEY

I first met punched feature cards in 1956. I was working as an assistant to E. G. Brisch, whose company classified the materials and components used in industry. His method…

43

Abstract

I first met punched feature cards in 1956. I was working as an assistant to E. G. Brisch, whose company classified the materials and components used in industry. His method brought similar articles together, both notionally in classified codebooks and practically when the classified items were stored in their code number order. The result was an excellent aid to variety reduction, standardization, and stock control. E. G. gave me a good grounding in analytical classification; but his office held other secrets too. One of these was a sort of punched card representing a property or quality, not an object or event as with all other punched cards I had met. On these other cards, notched or slotted for hand‐sorting with needles, or punched and verified in thousands for reading by machine, the holes stood for characteristics possessed by the item concerned. The new cards were different. Since they represented properties, the items possessing these had to be shown by the holes, and so they were. E. G. named them ‘Brisch‐a‐boo’: this I found was his special variant of ‘peek‐a‐boo’, a title by which they are still occasionally known. To stack some of them in exact register with each other is to find, as a set of through holes in numbered positions, the reference numbers of all the items recorded on them which have the qualities concerned.

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Journal of Documentation, vol. 31 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0022-0418

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 2007

L.Q. Ma, X.Q. Yuan, S.H. Jiao, Z.Y. Liu, D. Wu and G.D. Wang

The dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and flow stress of Nb‐bearing steels were investigated by means of isothermal single compression testing at temperatures of 850‐105° and at…

161

Abstract

The dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and flow stress of Nb‐bearing steels were investigated by means of isothermal single compression testing at temperatures of 850‐105° and at constant strain rate from 0.1 to 20s‐1 using a Gleeble 3800 thermo‐mechanical simulator in order to model the DRX processes and predict the flow stress during plate rolling. On the basis of the measured flow stress, a new model of DRX kinetics was proposed to calculate the volume fraction of dynamically recrystallized grains, which was a function of processing parameters such as deformation temperature, strain, strain rate, the initial austenite grain size and Nb content. The effect of deformation conditions was quantified by the Zener‐Hollomon parameter, in which the activation energy of deformation was expressed as a power function of Nb content. The critical strain was determined by using the method proposed by Jonas and co‐workers. It is shown that the ratio of the critical strain to the peak strain decreases with increasing Nb content, from which an empirical equation was developed. In addition, the influence of Nb content and deformation conditions on the steady state grain size was determined by fitting the experimental results to a linear relationship. Finally, the flow stress of Nb bearing steels was accurately predicted using a one‐internal‐variable evolution equation by taking Nb content as a parameter and including the influence of DRX. The comparison between the experimental and theoretical results confirmed that the modeling had a good accuracy to predict flow stresses during hot deformation.

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Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures, vol. 3 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1573-6105

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Article
Publication date: 1 July 1925

We issue a double Souvenir number of The Library World in connection with the Library Association Conference at Birmingham, in which we have pleasure in including a special…

47

Abstract

We issue a double Souvenir number of The Library World in connection with the Library Association Conference at Birmingham, in which we have pleasure in including a special article, “Libraries in Birmingham,” by Mr. Walter Powell, Chief Librarian of Birmingham Public Libraries. He has endeavoured to combine in it the subject of Special Library collections, and libraries other than the Municipal Libraries in the City. Another article entitled “Some Memories of Birmingham” is by Mr. Richard W. Mould, Chief Librarian and Curator of Southwark Public Libraries and Cuming Museum. We understand that a very full programme has been arranged for the Conference, and we have already published such details as are now available in our July number.

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New Library World, vol. 28 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0307-4803

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1993

G.S. SEKHON and J.L. CHENOT

A finite element model for numerical simulation of non‐steady but continuous chip formation under orthogonal cutting conditions is described. The problem is treated as coupled…

475

Abstract

A finite element model for numerical simulation of non‐steady but continuous chip formation under orthogonal cutting conditions is described. The problem is treated as coupled thermo‐mechanical. A velocity approach has been adopted for the proposed solution. The computational algorithm takes care of dynamic contact conditions and makes use of an automatic remeshing procedure. The results of simulation yield complete history of chip initiation and growth as well as distributions of strain rate, strain, stress and temperature. The paper includes a detailed presentation of computational results for an illustrative case.

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Engineering Computations, vol. 10 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0264-4401

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Publication date: 1 October 1964

BECAUSE productivity means profitability it is the aim of any manufacturing organization. Too often productivity is thought to be the same thing as increased production. In…

55

Abstract

BECAUSE productivity means profitability it is the aim of any manufacturing organization. Too often productivity is thought to be the same thing as increased production. In reality it is very different. The way to increase production is fairly obvious. More machinery is obtained, larger quantities of raw materials are purchased and more workers are engaged. If, for example, these three essentials are doubled production should be twice as much. Production has increased, but if it has not succeeded in lowering the price of whatever is being manufactured what has been gained?

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Work Study, vol. 13 no. 10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0043-8022

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Article
Publication date: 14 September 2015

Sourab Dua, Z. F. Bhat and Sunil Kumar

The purpose of this study is to explore the possibility of utilization of lemon peel extract as a natural antioxidant source in muscle foods. The products incorporated with lemon…

299

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore the possibility of utilization of lemon peel extract as a natural antioxidant source in muscle foods. The products incorporated with lemon peel extract were assessed for various oxidative stability and storage quality parameters.

Design/methodology/approach

The study was designed to evaluate the effect of lemon peel extract on the oxidative stability and storage quality of Tabak-Maz, a popular traditional meat product. The products were prepared and treated with different concentrations of lemon peel extract (0.5, 1, 1.5 per cent) and were aerobically packaged in low-density polyethylene pouches and assessed for lipid stability and storage quality parameters under refrigerated (4 ± 1°C) conditions.

Findings

Lemon peel extract showed a significant (p < 0.05) effect on the lipid stability of the products as the treated products exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) lower thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) (mg malonaldehyde/kg) and free fatty acid (FFA) (per cent oleic acid) values for the entire period of storage. A significant (p < 0.05) effect was also observed on the microbiological characteristics of the products, as lemon peel extract treated products showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower values for total plate count, psychrophillic count and yeast and mould count throughout the period of storage. Coliforms were not detected throughout the period of storage. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher scores were observed for various sensory parameters of the treated products.

Originality/value

Lemon peel extract successfully improved the oxidative stability and storage quality of Tabak-Maz during refrigerated (4 ± 10°C) storage and may be commercially exploited as a natural antioxidant source in muscle foods.

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Nutrition & Food Science, vol. 45 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0034-6659

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Article
Publication date: 24 August 2010

J.H. Ling

416

Abstract

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Circuit World, vol. 36 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0305-6120

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Publication date: 17 January 2025

Lee Barron

Abstract

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The Anthropocene and Popular Culture
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83549-187-4

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Article
Publication date: 1 June 1999

Stephen J. Cimbala

In this study I revisit the Cuban missile crisis of 1962, in order to gain additional perspective on the relationship between organizational decision making and crisis outcomes…

1761

Abstract

In this study I revisit the Cuban missile crisis of 1962, in order to gain additional perspective on the relationship between organizational decision making and crisis outcomes. This exercise is an historical “counterfactual” or “what if” excursion, using recently declassified documents and simulated exchange calculations, from which I hope to draw three principal benefits. First, the study may shed some additional light on why Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev was willing to take such a dangerous gamble. Second, our counterfactual crisis suggests that the risk of inadvertent war, so much written about in connection with Cuba, 1962, was less important than the risk of a deliberate, but miscalculated, escalation. Third, the balance of command and control vulnerability might have mattered more to crisis‐ridden US leaders than the balance of strategic nuclear forces. If so, it helps to explain the apparent reluctance of US leaders to employ highly coercive forms of nuclear brinkmanship.

Details

Journal of Management History, vol. 5 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-252X

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