Abstract
Purpose
This work aims to investigate the modifications in a transistor behavior after hot carrier injection processes from the integrated junction.
Design/methodology/approach
A high voltage is applied across the drain‐source contacts, so a reverse current is induced through the integrated junction and defects are then created.
Findings
The results point out to a dependence of the VDMOSFET reliability on the operating conditions which could induce parasitic effects on the structure. Induced defects alter the form of several MOSFET characteristics.
Originality/value
A new method of degradation is presented along with a series of characterization techniques‐based electrical parameters variations.
Details
Keywords
R. El Bitar, G. Salloum and B. Nsouli
The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of positive and negative bias stressing on switching performance of power VDMOSFETs used in communication systems.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of positive and negative bias stressing on switching performance of power VDMOSFETs used in communication systems.
Design/methodology/approach
A positive and a negative high‐field stress are applied on the gate oxide of MOS devices and electrical characterization is performed after each period of stress, a comparison is presented.
Findings
Compared results between the two types of stress show that certain doses of stress can increase the device speed. The underlying changes of the threshold voltage under these two types of stress are referred to as the variation of the gate oxide‐trapped charge and interface trap densities.
Originality/value
This paper presents new and original experiments run over a number of metal‐oxide semiconductor field effect transistor devices to compare the effects of the direction of the applied field on the degradation and the reliability of these structures.
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R. El Bitar, C. Salame and P. Mialhe
The purpose of this work is to highlight the evolutions of the switching times parameters of commercial vertical diffuse metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors after a…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this work is to highlight the evolutions of the switching times parameters of commercial vertical diffuse metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors after a hot carrier injection in the reverse bias pn junction.
Design/methodology/approach
Experiment was done basically by hot carrier injection, where a large drain‐source voltage VDS is applied to reverse bias the body drain junction, then inducing a 30 mA reverse current. The drain polarization was increased gradually, by steps of 0.5 V/s, up to desired VDS value in order to prevent sudden breakdown. Switching time parameters were measured at different temperatures and up to 300°C.
Findings
The experimental results show that the device rise time decreases significantly for the first period of stress time at room temperature, which increases the speed of the device during this turn‐on switch. This event was associated with the high‐electric field in the junction region that pulls electrons from the oxide gate into the channel, thus leaving trapped holes in the oxide bulk due to their low mobility.
Originality/value
This research study has an important value in terms of engineering application where speed of electronic devices is one of the most valuable parameters in the communication and information technology fields.
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Siti Khomsatun, Hilda Rossieta, Fitriany Fitriany and Mustafa Edwin Nasution
The unique characteristic of Islamic bank leads in governance and disclosure. Using stakeholder, signaling, and market discipline theory, governance and adequate disclosure may…
Abstract
The unique characteristic of Islamic bank leads in governance and disclosure. Using stakeholder, signaling, and market discipline theory, governance and adequate disclosure may increase bank soundness. This study aims to investigate the relationship of sharia disclosure and Sharia Supervisory Board in influencing Islamic bank soundness in the different regulatory framework of the country. Using purposive sampling, the research covered 84 Islamic banks in 16 countries during the period 2013–2015 with lag data of Islamic bank soundness. The result shows sharia disclosure influences on Islamic bank soundness for management efficiency, capital adequacy ratio, asset quality, and liquidity. The results also show that sharia disclosure mediates the indirect effect of SSB on Islamic bank soundness. The regulatory framework (sharia accounting standard and SSB regulation) shows moderating effect of regulation framework proved on the association of sharia disclosure with management efficiency, capital, and liquidity. The effect is indirectly depending on the regulatory framework for proxy management efficiency, capital, and liquidity. The implication of the research suggests that sharia disclosure could increase the market discipline mechanism of Islamic bank stream. The Islamic bank can increase the transparency using sharia disclosure as a branding for increasing public trust, even though in the deficient Islamic bank regulation countries.
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Ahmad Al-Hiyari, Abdussalaam Iyanda Ismail, Mohamed Chakib Kolsi and Oyewumi Hassan Kehinde
This paper aims to explore whether environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance is positively associated with firm investment efficiency (IE) in emerging economies. It…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to explore whether environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance is positively associated with firm investment efficiency (IE) in emerging economies. It also examines whether board cultural diversity can moderate the ESG–IE relationship.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses a cross-country sample of listed firms located in seven emerging countries over the 2011–2019 period. The authors use a fixed effect panel regression to empirically test the hypotheses. The authors also use a lagged model and a Heckman’s (1979) two-stage procedure to mitigate potential endogeneity issues. In addition, a two-stage least squares regression analysis was done as an additional robustness check.
Findings
This study finds that firms with stronger ESG performance have a higher investment efficiency. Interestingly, this study finds that board cultural diversity negatively moderates the impact of ESG performance on IE for firms operating in settings prone to overinvestment. This result suggests that ESG performance plays a less important role in mitigating managers' tendencies to overinvest when corporate boards have more foreign directors. However, the authors do not find such evidence in firms prone to underinvestment. These findings hold after using an alternative measure of IE and controlling for endogeneity concerns.
Originality/value
This paper adds to the existing body of knowledge in three dimensions. First, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first cross-country study that investigates the linkage between ESG performance and corporate IE in the context of emerging countries. Second, the authors have enriched the prior literature by examining the moderating effect of board cultural diversity on the positive association between ESG performance and corporate IE. Finally, this study has important implications for policymakers and capital suppliers in emerging countries, which strive to facilitate the efficient allocation of scarce resources.
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Heba Abou-El-Sood and Rana Shahin
Motivated by recent financial liberalization policies in emerging markets, this study investigates whether bank competition and regulatory capital affect bank risk taking in an…
Abstract
Purpose
Motivated by recent financial liberalization policies in emerging markets, this study investigates whether bank competition and regulatory capital affect bank risk taking in an international banking context.
Design/methodology/approach
Bank competition is regressed, using GLS regression, on various measures of bank risk, to reflect regulatory, accounting and market-based risk-taking. The authors use a sample of publicly traded banks operating in Africa during 2004–2019.
Findings
Results show that higher level of bank competition increases bank risk taking and results in greater financial fragility in the absence of banking capital regulations. Furthermore, larger capital adequacy ratios control the risk-taking incentives of managers and guard banks against the risk of default. Further tests confirm the significance of market-based risk measures over accounting and regulatory measures.
Practical implications
Findings are relevant to bank managers and regulators in their sustained effort of finding an optimal balance between bank competition and financial stability. Increased competition should be balanced with capital regulations to curtail bank excessive risky behavior and derive the social benefits of greater competition in the market while sustaining overall economic growth.
Originality/value
This study provides novel evidence in an international context. First, it uses regulatory, accounting and market-based measures of bank risk taking to reflect regulators', management and market participants' emphasis. Another original contribution is the investigation of bank competition across African economies characterized by financial liberalization, stringent banking system and interesting socio-economic challenges.
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Xiao Ling Ding, Razali Haron and Aznan Hasan
This study aims to determine how Basel III capital requirements affect the stability of Islamic banks globally during the global financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to determine how Basel III capital requirements affect the stability of Islamic banks globally during the global financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic.
Design/methodology/approach
The secondary data for all Islamic banks worldwide from 2004 to 2021 is obtained from the FitchConnect database. The main technique was a two-step generalized method of moment (GMM) system, and the data were tested using pooled ordinary least squares, fixed effects and difference GMM models for robustness checks.
Findings
Regression results support the moral hazard hypothesis based on evidence that both the total capital ratio and the Tier 1 capital ratio have a statistically significant positive impact on the stability of Islamic banks globally. Furthermore, neither the global financial crisis of 2008–2009 nor COVID-19 (2020–2021) significantly impacted the stability of Islamic banks worldwide. The results are robust across alternative measures of stability, capital buffers, dummy variables and estimation techniques. According to the descriptive statistics, the number of Islamic banks that disclose their regulatory capital ratios to the public has increased over the study period, and the mean of total capital and Tier 1 ratios are considerably greater than what is required by Basel II and Basel III.
Research limitations/implications
Bankers, regulators and policymakers should benefit from the evidence on capital and risk management in Islamic banking according to Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) and Islamic financial services board (IFSB) international standards in various jurisdictions.
Originality/value
This research builds on earlier studies that were both beneficial and instructive by exploring the relationship between BCBS and IFSB capital guidelines and the trustworthiness of Islamic banks in greater depth. This study uses numerous capital ratios, buffers and stability measures to provide an international context for research on Islamic banking. In addition, the database is up-to-date to include information about the COVID-19 pandemic aftereffects in the year 2021. This study also introduces the Basel membership of Islamic banks to provide context for countries still at the Basel II stage or are yet to begin implementing the Basel III international standard.
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Rawad Elias, Pierre Ziade and Roland Habchi
The purpose of this paper is to investigate and classify the defects on silicon-based power devices under extreme conditions.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate and classify the defects on silicon-based power devices under extreme conditions.
Design/methodology/approach
Electrical characterization was performed on MOS devices to study their interface defects. The devices were subjected to a voltage or a current constraint to induce defects, and then measurements were done to detect the effects of those defects. Measurements include current voltage, capacitance and conductance characterization. The Hill–Coleman method was used to calculate the interface states density in each case.
Findings
It was found that most of the defects have energies within the upper band gap of the semiconductor.
Originality value
The method used in this paper allows the determination of any interface defects on a Si/SiO2 structure.
Details
Keywords
Abid Hasan, Bassam Baroudi, Abbas Elmualim and Raufdeen Rameezdeen
A significant amount of work has been performed in the area of identification of factors affecting construction productivity. Previous studies have tried to determine the most…
Abstract
Purpose
A significant amount of work has been performed in the area of identification of factors affecting construction productivity. Previous studies have tried to determine the most important factors affecting construction productivity in different countries for a long time. As a result of continuous effort in this direction, researchers have identified a wide range of factors. While the subject area has matured, no general agreement could be made on the factors affecting construction productivity. To fill this gap, the purpose of this paper is to undertake a comprehensive systematic review of mainstream studies on factors affecting construction productivity published in the last 30 years (1986–2016).
Design/methodology/approach
A total of 46 articles from different sources such as journals, conference proceedings, dissertation and PhD theses were identified and thoroughly reviewed.
Findings
Gaps in research and practices are discussed and directions for future research have been proposed. The literature review indicates that despite noticeable differences in the socio-economic conditions across both developed countries and developing countries, an overall reasonable consensus exists on few significant factors impeding productivity. These are, namely, non-availability of materials, inadequate supervision, skill shortage, lack of proper tools and equipment and incomplete drawing and specifications. Nevertheless, implications of technology, site amenities, process studies, project culture, and impacts of physiological and psychological factors were not adequately covered in existing literature. The study also found that traditional construction projects have remained the main focus of these studies while green construction projects have been generally overlooked.
Research limitations/implications
The review does not include studies that report productivity at the organisational or industry level as well as total factor productivity. The scope of the review is limited to work on identification of factors affecting productivity at the activity level in construction projects.
Practical implications
The outcomes of this study would help researchers and practitioners by providing the findings of previous studies in a concise manner. It is also expected that presenting a deeper and wider perspective of the research work performed until now will direct a more focussed approach on productivity improvement efforts in the construction industry.
Originality/value
This review paper undertakes a comprehensive systematic review of studies on identification of factors affecting construction productivity published during the last three decades.
Details
Keywords
Syed Waqar Akbar, Ajid Ur Rehman and Muhammad Shahzad Ijaz
This paper aims to examine the impact of corruption on bank stability and bank profitability separately for Islamic banks as well as conventional banks. Moreover, it also…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to examine the impact of corruption on bank stability and bank profitability separately for Islamic banks as well as conventional banks. Moreover, it also investigates whether the existence of Islamicity and corruption in the environment can moderate the Islamic banks-stability and Islamic banks-profitability relationships.
Design/methodology/approach
Sample of the study consists 136 banks comprising 70 Islamic and 66 conventional banks over the period 2015–2021 from nine countries with dual banking systems. Panel data fixed effect estimator with year effects is used to estimate the results.
Findings
Results of the study show that Islamicity is positively and corruption is negatively related to bank stability as well as bank profitability. Further, it is found that the effect of corruption is significantly different between Islamic and conventional banks, wherein conventional banks are more adversely affected than Islamic banks. However, an insignificant difference between Islamic and conventional banks is observed in the case of Islamicity.
Practical implications
The study provides theoretical and practical implications. On theoretical side, the study presents Islamicity as more reliable measure of religiosity based on Islamic values that can help in control of corruption by moderating corruption-bank stability nexus especially in dual banking economies which have high share of Muslim population. On practical side, the study recommends policy and operational measures for mitigating corruption aiming bank stability.
Originality/value
The results of this study contribute to the corruption-finance, religion-finance and dual banking literature. This study suggests that regulators and bank management must consider corruption and Islamicity while formulating their policies for better bank performance/stability.