This article is primarily concerned with those metallic diffusion coatings that are applied for the protection of iron and steel. It will be presented in three parts: 1. Aluminium…
Abstract
This article is primarily concerned with those metallic diffusion coatings that are applied for the protection of iron and steel. It will be presented in three parts: 1. Aluminium coatings. 2. Chromium coatings. 3. Zinc coatings. Special reference is made in each part to the available methods of application, the coatings' composition and structure, their physical properties, and their corrosion and oxidation resistance.
THE METHODS available for the application of chromium coatings are listed in Table 2. Until recently most chromium coatings have been applied either by electrodeposition or…
Abstract
THE METHODS available for the application of chromium coatings are listed in Table 2. Until recently most chromium coatings have been applied either by electrodeposition or chemical vapour deposition. Vacuum and powder‐coating techniques are breaking through in strip‐coating, and electrodeposition has also been investigated extensively since steel, having a thin ‘flash‐coating’ of chromium, can compete successfully with tin‐plate.
Zinc coatings are applied commercially by hot‐dipping, electro‐deposition, metal‐spraying, cementation and vacuum deposition (see Table 5). Galvanizing (zinc hot‐dipping) has been…
Abstract
Zinc coatings are applied commercially by hot‐dipping, electro‐deposition, metal‐spraying, cementation and vacuum deposition (see Table 5). Galvanizing (zinc hot‐dipping) has been done for more than 200 years now and is undoubtedly the most widely‐used form of metal coating. The production and pro‐perties of these coatings have received intensive study over the last 10 years; much of this has been reported at the ‘International Conferences on Hot‐Dip Galvanizing’.
BISRA's Corrosion Advice Bureau has been called upon to examine many corrosion failures and in this article, which is based on a lecture the authors gave to the British…
Abstract
BISRA's Corrosion Advice Bureau has been called upon to examine many corrosion failures and in this article, which is based on a lecture the authors gave to the British Association of Corrosion Engineers, North‐Eastern Section, a few of them are discussed in practical terms with particular reference to their underlying causes. The discussion is grouped under three headings: 1. Geometrical design. 2. Materials selection. 3. Protective coatings.
Alisoun Milne and Eleni Hatzidimitriadou
Caring in Later Life is a review of the needs and roles of older carers (Milne et al, 2001). It brings together a wide‐ranging review of academic and policy literature with an…
Abstract
Caring in Later Life is a review of the needs and roles of older carers (Milne et al, 2001). It brings together a wide‐ranging review of academic and policy literature with an original meta‐analysis of the 1995 General Household Survey (OPCS, 1995). This paper focuses on the findings of the GHS analysis. The picture of older carers that emerges is significantly different from that of carers overall.It is clear that older carers constitute a large and growing number of the carers and represent an increasingly large proportion of the total number of UK carers. They can be distinguished from other groups of carers in a number of ways: older carers are more likely to live with the person they care for, caring is likely to take place within the context of a long term relationship, dementia is a dominant feature and carers are more likely to be involved in intimate and personal care. Many also have health problems of their own. The analysis confirms a distinction between older carers who offer support on a co‐resident basis and those who are extra resident. There is clearly a high level of devotion to caring amongst many co‐resident carers, with many providing intensive care over long periods of time with little or no support from services. Most of these carers are spouses. The authors suggest that more should and can be done by policy and services to improve the health and quality of life of older carers.
This is a case study of an employment strategy for adults with learning disabilities developed in a local authority in a rural area in the South West of England. It describes a…
Abstract
This is a case study of an employment strategy for adults with learning disabilities developed in a local authority in a rural area in the South West of England. It describes a structured approach to work‐based training modelled on principles and practices associated with supported employment. It argues that this represents a more effective route into employment than day‐centre training or unstructured work experience. It provides a detailed account of the experience of one service user, based on interviews. It places this development in the context of the authority's strategic response to Valuing People.
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Alistair Adair, Jim Berry and Stanley McGreal
Examines diversification focusing on international and cross‐border investment. Extends the concept of regional diversification to European planning regions and discusses the…
Abstract
Examines diversification focusing on international and cross‐border investment. Extends the concept of regional diversification to European planning regions and discusses the potential implications of a “Europe of the regions” on property investment. Uses cross‐sectional analysis to identify the criteria influencing property investment performance across a number of European cities. Model outcomes indicate the importance of local factors in particular market size. Also provides, in this analysis support to the hypothesis concerning linkages between real estate returns, GDP and employment characteristics.
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The purpose of this paper is to look at the positive future gains of reaching women with perinatal mental illness at the first midwifery booking-in appointment, a unique…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to look at the positive future gains of reaching women with perinatal mental illness at the first midwifery booking-in appointment, a unique opportunity that could be more widely used as a point of detection, awareness and prevention of illness in the perinatal period.
Design/methodology/approach
A more robust section of this appointment that includes focussed detection and awareness of prior and current mental health concerns as well as the stigma attached to these conditions will allow midwives to signpost women to get much needed treatment prior to delivery. Suitable treatment options also need to be available and in place at this point.
Findings
The existing booking-in process, for highlighting and diagnosing mental health conditions, has limited suitability. Detection in the postnatal period has inherent difficulties due to time pressures on women, the costs to the mother, baby, family and the economic costs to society, which are considerable. The postnatal period may be too late for treatment, with the harm already done to the woman, their baby and their family.
Research limitations/implications
Research is needed to assess the efficacy of such a strategy, including the costs to train the midwives to deliver this additional service, and the consideration of suitable treatment options at the antenatal stage. This may help to reduce the high levels of attrition within treatment programmes currently running.
Originality/value
This paper fulfils a need to diagnose and prevent perinatal mental illness at an earlier point in pregnancy.