Andreas Schwab, Yanjinlkham Shuumarjav, Jake B. Telkamp and Jose R. Beltran
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in management research is still nascent and has primarily focused on content analyses of text data. Some method scholars have begun to…
Abstract
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in management research is still nascent and has primarily focused on content analyses of text data. Some method scholars have begun to discuss the potential benefits of far broader applications; however, these discussions have not led yet to a wave of corresponding AI applications by management researchers. This chapter explores the feasibility and the potential value of using AI for a very specific methodological task: the reliable and efficient capturing of higher-level psychological constructs in management research. It introduces the capturing of basic emotions and emotional authenticity of entrepreneurs based on their macro- and microfacial expressions during pitch presentations as an illustrative example of related AI opportunities and challenges. Thus, this chapter provides both motivation and guidance to management scholars for future applications of AI to advance management research.
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Dhafer Abdul Ameer Shnawah, Mohd Faizul Bin Mohd Sabri, Irfan Anjum Badruddin and Suhana Said
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the reliability of board level Sn‐Ag‐Cu (SAC) solder joints in terms of both thermal cycling and drop impact loading conditions, and…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the reliability of board level Sn‐Ag‐Cu (SAC) solder joints in terms of both thermal cycling and drop impact loading conditions, and further modification of the characteristics of low Ag‐content SAC solder joints using minor alloying elements to withstand both thermal cycle and drop impact loads.
Design/methodology/approach
The thermal cycling and drop impact reliability of different Ag‐content SAC bulk solder will be discussed from the viewpoints of mechanical and micro‐structural properties.
Findings
The best SAC composition for drop performance is not necessarily the best composition for optimum thermal cycling reliability. The content level of silver in SAC solder alloys can be an advantage or a disadvantage depending on the application, package and reliability requirements. The low Ag‐content SAC alloys with different minor alloying elements such as Mn, Ce, Bi, Ni and Ti display good performance in terms of both thermal cycling and drop impact loading conditions.
Originality/value
The paper details the mechanical and micro‐structural properties requirements to design a robust bulk SAC solder joint. These properties provide design and manufacturing engineers with the necessary information when deciding on a solder alloy for their specific application.
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Dhafer Abdul Ameer Shnawah, Suhana Binti Mohd Said, Mohd Faizul Bin Mohd Sabri, Irfan Anjum Badruddin and Fa Xing Che
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of small additions (0.1 and 0.3 wt%) of Fe on the bulk alloy microstructure and tensile properties of low Ag‐content…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of small additions (0.1 and 0.3 wt%) of Fe on the bulk alloy microstructure and tensile properties of low Ag‐content Sn‐1Ag‐0.5Cu lead‐free solder alloy.
Design/methodology/approach
Sn‐1Ag‐0.5Cu, Sn‐3Ag‐0.5Cu and Sn‐1Ag‐0.5Cu containing 1 and 3 wt.% Fe solder specimens were prepared by melting pure ingots of Sn, Ag, Cu and Fe in an induction furnace and subsequently remelting and casting to form flat dog‐bone shaped specimens for tensile testing. The solder specimens were subjected to tensile testing using an INSTRON tester with a loading rate 10‐3 s‐1. To obtain the microstructure, the solder samples were prepared by dicing, molding, grinding and polishing processes. The microstructural analysis was carried out using scanning electron microscopy/Energy Dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis was used to identify the IMC phases.
Findings
In addition to large primary β‐Sn grains, the addition of Fe to the SAC105 alloy formed large circular shaped FeSn2 IMC particles located in the eutectic regions. This had a significant effect in reducing the elastic modulus and yield strength and maintaining the elongation at the SAC105 level. Moreover, the additions of Fe resulted in the inclusion of Fe in the Ag3Sn and Cu6Sn5 IMC particles. The additions of Fe did not have any significant effect on the melting behaviour.
Research limitations/implications
The paper provides a starting‐point for studying the effect of minor additions of Fe on the drop impact and thermal cycling reliability of SAC105 alloy considering the bulk alloy microstructure and tensile properties. Further investigations should be undertaken in the future.
Originality/value
The effect of Fe addition on the bulk alloy microstructure and tensile properties of the SAC105 alloy has been studied for the first time. Fe‐containing SAC105 alloy may have the potential to increase the drop impact and thermal cycling reliability compared with the standard SAC105 alloy.
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Dhafer Abdul‐Ameer Shnawah, Mohd Faizul Mohd Sabri, Irfan Anjum Badruddin and Fa Xing Che
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of Al addition on the bulk alloy microstructure and tensile properties of the low Ag‐content Sn‐1Ag‐0.5Cu (SAC105) solder…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of Al addition on the bulk alloy microstructure and tensile properties of the low Ag‐content Sn‐1Ag‐0.5Cu (SAC105) solder alloy.
Design/methodology/approach
The Sn‐1Ag‐0.5Cu‐xAl (x=0, 1, 1.5 and 2 wt.%) bulk solder specimens with flat dog‐bone shape were used for tensile testing in this work. The specimens were prepared by melting purity ingots of Sn, Ag, Cu and Al in an induction furnace. Subsequently, the molten alloys were poured into pre‐heated stainless steel molds, and the molds were naturally air‐cooled to room temperature. Finally, the molds were disassembled, and the dog‐bone samples were removed. The solder specimens were subjected to tensile testing on an INSTRON tester with loading rate 10−3 s−1. The microstructural analysis was carried out using scanning electron microscopy/Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) analysis was used to identify the IMC phases. To obtain the microstructure, the solder samples were prepared by dicing, molding, grinding and polishing processes.
Findings
The addition of Al to the SAC105 solder alloy suppresses the formation of Ag3Sn and Cu6Sn5 IMC particles and leads to the formation of larger Al‐rich and Al‐Cu IMC particles and a large amount of fine Al‐Ag IMC particles. The addition of Al also leads to refining of the primary β‐Sn grains. The addition of Al results in a significant increase on the elastic modulus and yield strength. On the other hand, the addition of Al drastically deteriorates the total elongation.
Originality/value
The addition of Al to the low Ag‐content SAC105 solder alloy has been discussed for the first time. This work provides a starting‐point to study the effect of Al addition on the drop impact and thermal cycling reliability of the SAC105 alloy.
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Shyju P.J., Iqbal Ahmad Bhat, Kathryn Myers and Naresh Tanwar
The purpose of this paper is to examine the perspectives of local stakeholders on the role of religious tourism and the development process that alter the sacred space and…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the perspectives of local stakeholders on the role of religious tourism and the development process that alter the sacred space and religious heritage of Varanasi. Specific objectives include study local stakeholders' view on the motivation of visitors, the image of the city they carry home, role of infrastructure development altering sacredness of the city, major issues pertaining to conservation of the city's religious heritage and whether tourism dominates the sacred space of the city.
Design/methodology/approach
The present study follows the philosophical approach of constructionism and is an inductive study based on the ontological features of realism. The study is conducted using qualitative research design. Participants were purposely selected from different groups to provide representative data. through in-depth interviews with a set of 22 open-ended questions.
Findings
The study acknowledged the spatial changes happening in an old city over time. The portrayed image of Varanasi remains deeply rooted in the minds of pilgrims, whereas the tourist perspective often goes beyond the texts as an experience. The reflection of local stakeholders in the transformation of sacred space to tourist experiencescape as a consumable experience, which is influenced by market-driven forces is a major finding of the study.
Research limitations/implications
Difficulties in finalising the respondents and building up the theoretical base, which is one of the main limitations of the study. During the process of data collection, the respondents mainly focussed upon the impacts of tourism on Varanasi, and the researchers made every effort to extract qualitative information on the current research. At times, some respondents hesitated to share their view on political influences in the development process, which restricted the authors to obtain righteous information, that could have contributed a better understanding of the deep-rooted issues of religious heritage conservation. Another limitation is that the perspectives of visitors have not been included in this research.
Practical implications
The study will contribute to the theoretical areas of tourism development in historic and sacred cities. As an interdisciplinary area, the selected theme of the study delves in to landscape planning, heritage preservation, tourism development in historic cities and more importantly how residents understand the changes happening in a scared environment. The present research opens opportunities for further researches such as social pressures and tourism development, urban morphology and its transformation in ancient cities and so on.
Social implications
Varanasi is an ancient city in India, which is also the heartland of Hinduism. The study reveals the understanding of respondents on religious traditions, sentiments and the social values attached to a place. At the same time, it also highlights the role of tourism in generating an intercultural dialogue with local cultures, appreciating the sacred value of sites associated with religious sentiments.
Originality/value
The study addresses the role of tourism in altering the landscape of ancient city of Varanasi. The original view of respondents has been used in the article to maintain originality. There are several researches conducted on Varanasi, but the present study is conducted in a systematic way to gather the real understanding of local people. The study acknowledges the changes happening in the city along the course of time.
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John Sanders, Joanne Moore and Anna Mountford-Zimdars
This chapter critically engages with ways that teaching excellence has been operationalised in practice. Specific focus is on developing individual teaching excellence, rewarding…
Abstract
This chapter critically engages with ways that teaching excellence has been operationalised in practice. Specific focus is on developing individual teaching excellence, rewarding of success and recognition of teaching excellence and the building of evidence around what works in teaching for the benefits of students. We consider the daily interactions with students that form the basis of frameworks of teaching excellence before arguing that operationalisations of teaching excellence are highly context specific and operate at the level of institutions and the whole higher education sector. We discuss the criteria that underpin teaching excellence awards. This includes governance as well as development frameworks. After considering the complex links between research and teaching and the importance of the disciplinary dimension of teaching excellence, the chapter finally looks at the skills and attributes commonly associated with individual teacher excellence and argues that these are exceptionally difficult to pin down let alone measure. It concludes with some reflections on some of the challenges faced by institutions as they seek to develop the quality of teaching whilst meeting the requirements of the TEF.
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Looks at a research project which aims to develop a network system toprovide a cost‐effective tool for the teaching and training of robotprogramming. The system requires only one…
Abstract
Looks at a research project which aims to develop a network system to provide a cost‐effective tool for the teaching and training of robot programming. The system requires only one robot and several PCs and with the use of a language conversion system only one robot control language [VAL] is required. Describes the hardware and software designs of the system and outlines the research development. Concludes that this system provides a cheap, reliable and easy operation system for VAL programming learning.
Michael Chikeleze, Iris Johnson and Trey Gibson
Some employers contend that the college graduates they hire should have stronger communication and critical thinking skills upon arrival from their various college/university…
Abstract
Some employers contend that the college graduates they hire should have stronger communication and critical thinking skills upon arrival from their various college/university programs in which they majored. As higher education continues its efforts to meet the demands for employers, the authors contend that the benefits of participation in debate exercises can be incorporated into various courses as a teaching tool to increase facility with these soft skills. A practical application of debate in a specific organizational leadership course is presented, along with highlights of the student participants’ reflections upon the experience, and the initial signs of positive impact on these skills. Suggestions of future application of debate into curricula are also shared.
Cynthia Richter Ojijo and Robert Steiger
This study aims to reveal residents’ individual perceptions of nature-based destination development and preferences for infrastructure and tourism superstructure development among…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to reveal residents’ individual perceptions of nature-based destination development and preferences for infrastructure and tourism superstructure development among communities that rely heavily on wildlife tourism.
Design/methodology/approach
A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was used among the Maasai community based in the villages and towns near the Maasai Mara National Reserve in Kenya. The attributes included type of tourism accommodation, location of tourism accommodations, types of access roads (tarmac or marram), tourist numbers and desired land-use options (between tourism development, livestock grazing and agriculture). A DCE analysis with hierarchical Bayes estimation was performed.
Findings
It revealed that the introduction to land-use restrictions and the location of tourism accommodations were the most important attributes for the respondents, with average importance values of 30.36% and 24.02%, respectively. A significant less important attribute was the types of access roads with an average importance of just 8.38%. Cluster analysis revealed widespread heterogeneity in preferences.
Research limitations/implications
The survey-based DCE was conducted in the Maasai Mara National Reserve, Kenya, and therefore may not be relevant in other contexts. The focus was also only on the residents’ preferences. The findings broaden the knowledge on tourism developments and residents’ support for development and management of protected areas.
Practical implications
For policymakers, conservation practitioners and tourism businesses, this study provides a source of reference for understanding the development preferences of the Maasai community. In general, the study contributes to a better understanding of local communities in relations to tourism development and residents’ support for developments and management of protected areas (PAs).
Originality/value
This study fills the gap in the literature on tourism development and residents’ support for developments in PAs by presenting some limits of acceptable and desirable use of PAs among a community that has a complex coexistence with a wildlife tourism destination. It provides an alternative perspective for future research by examining residents’ choice towards destination development and preferences for infrastructure and tourism superstructure development using an experimental approach.
目的
本研究旨在揭示当地人对基于自然的目的地开发的个人看法以及严重依赖野生动物旅游的社区对基础设施和旅游上层建筑开发的偏好。
方法
离散选择实验(DCE)在肯尼亚马赛马拉国家保护区附近村庄和城镇的马赛社区中进行。这些属性包括旅游住宿类型、旅游住宿地点、通路类型(停机坪或马拉姆)、游客数量以及所需的土地利用选择(在旅游开发、牲畜放牧和农业之间)。使用分层贝叶斯估计进行 DCE 分析。
发现
结果显示, 土地使用限制和旅游住宿地点是受访者最重要的属性, 平均重要性值分别为30.36%和24.02%。一个不太重要的属性是通路类型, 平均重要性仅为 8.38%。聚类分析揭示了偏好的广泛异质性。
影响
对于政策制定者、保护从业者和旅游企业来说, 这项研究为了解马赛社区的发展偏好提供了参考来源。总的来说, 该研究有助于更好地了解当地社区与旅游业发展的关系以及居民对保护区开发和管理的支持。
原创性/价值
这项研究通过提出在与野生动物旅游目的地复杂共存的社区中可接受和理想的保护区使用的一些限制, 填补了关于旅游发展和居民对保护区发展的支持的文献空白。它通过使用实验方法研究当地人对目的地开发的选择以及对基础设施和旅游上层建筑开发的偏好, 为未来的研究提供了另一种视角。
Objetivo
Este estudio pretende revelar las percepciones individuales de los residentes sobre el desarrollo de destinos basados en la naturaleza y sus preferencias por el desarrollo de infraestructuras y superestructuras turísticas entre las comunidades que dependen en gran medida del turismo de fauna salvaje.
Metodología
Se empleó un experimento de elección discreta (DCE en inglés) entre la comunidad masai asentada en las aldeas y pueblos cercanos a la Reserva Nacional de Maasai Mara en Kenia. Los atributos incluían el tipo de alojamiento turístico, la ubicación de los alojamientos turísticos, los tipos de carreteras de acceso (asfaltadas o de marram), el número de turistas y las opciones de uso de la tierra deseadas (entre desarrollo turístico, pastoreo de ganado y agricultura). Se realizó un análisis DCE con estimación jerárquica de Bayes.
Resultados
El estudio reveló que la introducción de restricciones en el uso de la tierra y la ubicación de los alojamientos turísticos eran los atributos más importantes para los encuestados, con unos valores medios de importancia del 30,36% y el 24,02% respectivamente. Un atributo significativamente menos importante fueron los tipos de carreteras de acceso, con una importancia media de sólo el 8,38%. El análisis de conglomerados reveló una amplia heterogeneidad en las preferencias.
Implicaciones
Para los responsables políticos, los profesionales de la conservación y las empresas turísticas, este estudio constituye una fuente de referencia para comprender las preferencias de desarrollo de la comunidad masai. En general, el estudio contribuye a una mejor comprensión de las comunidades locales en relación con el desarrollo turístico y el apoyo de los residentes al desarrollo y la gestión de las zonas protegidas.
Originalidad/valor
Este estudio llena el vacío existente en la bibliografía sobre el desarrollo turístico y el apoyo de los residentes a los desarrollos en áreas protegidas al presentar algunos límites del uso aceptable y no deseable de las áreas protegidas entre una comunidad que tiene una coexistencia compleja con un destino turístico de vida salvaje. Proporciona una perspectiva alternativa para futuras investigaciones al examinar la elección de los residentes hacia el desarrollo del destino y las preferencias por el desarrollo de infraestructuras y superestructuras turísticas utilizando un enfoque experimental.