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This study aims to investigate how the frame orientation format and visual content of tourism short videos interact to influence tourists’ travel intention.

Two scenario-based experiments were designed and conducted through Credamo. The researchers enrolled 187 participants for Study 1 using convenience sampling, measuring the impact of video frame orientation and visual content on travel intention by conducting a two-factor analysis of covariance. Study 2 retested the interaction effect using 237 sample data and conducted bootstrapping to examine the serially mediating effect of imagery fluency and travel inspiration.

Frame orientation formats and visual content interactively affect the video audience’s travel intention: For site-centric tourism short videos, the horizontal frame orientation format can help inspire audiences’ travel intention; However, for activity-centric tourism short videos, the vertical frame orientation format is more suitable. Imagery fluency and travel inspiration have serially mediated effects in the above interactions.

Destination marketers can use a combination of vertical format and activity-centric content (or horizontal format and site-centric content) to ensure the marketing effectiveness of short videos.

This study explores how frame orientation and visual content interact to influence video audiences’ travel intention. The findings challenge the traditional understanding of frame orientation selection in short videos, provide a meaningful extension of construal-level theory and contribute to the research on visual effects in short tourism videos.

本文旨在研究旅游短视频的画面方向格式和视觉内容如何交互影响游客的出游意愿。

本研究利用见数平台开展了两个情景实验。实验1招募了187名被试者, 利用双因素方差分析测量了视频画面方向和视觉内容对出游意愿的交互效应。实验2利用237个样本数复测了交互效应, 并验证了图像流畅性和旅游灵感对上述交互效应的链式中介作用。

框架方向格式和视觉内容交互影响视频受众的旅游意向：对于以景点为中心的旅游短视频而言, 水平方向的画面形式有助于激发受众的出游意愿; 但对于以活动为中心的旅游短视频而言, 垂直方向的画面形式更为适合。在上述交互作用中, 图像流畅度和旅游灵感具有链式中介效应。

目的地营销人员可以将垂直格式和以活动为中心的内容（或水平格式和以景点为中心的内容）结合起来使用, 以确保短视频的营销效果。

本研究探讨了框架取向和视觉内容如何相互作用并影响视频受众的出游意愿。研究结果挑战了关于短视频中画面方向选择的传统理解, 为旅游短视频构图相关理论提供了有意义的延伸, 并为旅游短视频中视觉效果的研究做出了贡献。

Este estudio investiga cómo el formato de orientación del marco y el contenido visual de los vídeos cortos turísticos interactúan para influir en la intención de viaje de los turistas.

Se diseñaron y llevaron a cabo dos experimentos basados en escenarios a través de Credamo. Los investigadores reclutaron a 187 participantes para el Estudio 1 mediante un muestreo de conveniencia, y midieron el impacto de la orientación del fotograma de vídeo y el contenido visual en la intención de viajar realizando un análisis de covarianza de dos factores. El Estudio 2 volvió a probar el efecto de interacción utilizando 237 datos de muestra y realizó bootstrapping para examinar el efecto de mediación en serie de la fluidez de las imágenes y la inspiración para viajar.

Los formatos de orientación de los fotogramas y el contenido visual influyen de forma interactiva en la intención de viajar del público del vídeo: Para los vídeos turísticos de corta duración centrados en un lugar, el formato de orientación horizontal puede ayudar a inspirar la intención de viajar del público; sin embargo, para los vídeos turísticos de corta duración centrados en una actividad, el formato de orientación vertical es más adecuado. La fluidez de las imágenes y la inspiración para viajar tienen efectos mediados en serie en las interacciones mencionadas.

Los responsables de marketing de destinos pueden utilizar una combinación de formato vertical y contenido centrado en la actividad (o formato horizontal y contenido centrado en el sitio) para garantizar la eficacia de marketing de los vídeos cortos.

Este estudio explora cómo la orientación del encuadre y el contenido visual interactúan para influir en la intención de viaje de los espectadores de vídeos. Los resultados cuestionan la interpretación tradicional de la selección de la orientación del encuadre en los vídeos cortos, proporcionan una ampliación significativa de la teoría del nivel de construcción y contribuyen a la investigación sobre los efectos visuales en los vídeos turísticos cortos.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between CEO narcissism and strategic decision-making (SDM) processes (decision comprehensiveness and decision speed), and to explore the mediating role of top management team (TMT) members’ participation in decision making and the moderating role of TMT power distance.

Data were collected from a multisource, time-lagged survey of 103 CEOs and their corresponding TMT members in China. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized relationships.

The results indicated that CEO narcissism was negatively related to decision comprehensiveness and positively related to decision speed. These relationships were mediated by TMT members’ participation in decision making, especially when TMT power distance was high.

The results show the potential negative effects of CEOs’ narcissistic personality and suggest ways to attenuate it by increasing TMT participation and decreasing TMT power distance.

This study is an initial attempt to empirically examine how and under what conditions CEOs’ narcissism is a barrier to more comprehensive and more deliberate (slower) SDM.

The purpose of this paper is to propose a data prediction framework for scenarios which require forecasting demand for large-scale data sources, e.g., sensor networks, securities exchange, electric power secondary system, etc. Concretely, the proposed framework should handle several difficult requirements including the management of gigantic data sources, the need for a fast self-adaptive algorithm, the relatively accurate prediction of multiple time series, and the real-time demand.

First, the autoregressive integrated moving average-based prediction algorithm is introduced. Second, the processing framework is designed, which includes a time-series data storage model based on the HBase, and a real-time distributed prediction platform based on Storm. Then, the work principle of this platform is described. Finally, a proof-of-concept testbed is illustrated to verify the proposed framework.

Several tests based on Power Grid monitoring data are provided for the proposed framework. The experimental results indicate that prediction data are basically consistent with actual data, processing efficiency is relatively high, and resources consumption is reasonable.

This paper provides a distributed real-time data prediction framework for large-scale time-series data, which can exactly achieve the requirement of the effective management, prediction efficiency, accuracy, and high concurrency for massive data sources.

This study aims to focus on the authority formation process of Chinese enterprise leaders, with the purpose of finding out how an ordinary newly established firm leader develops into a real top leader and achieves the status of legitimacy in a well-known enterprise.

Based on constructivist grounded theory, this paper investigates the formation mechanism of entrepreneurial authority in China by using the rich data of Liu Chuan-zhi’s leader activities.

In the “evolution” path of authority formation, leaders continually consolidate and improve their authority through two classes of exceptional management activities: “emergency rescue” and “promotion activities”. The successful realization of exceptional management activities benefits from a leader’s management experience accumulation and relationship maintenance with the government. In the “design” path of authority formation, leaders consolidate and improve their authority by exercising their position of power. Leaders’ legitimacy is reflected by making strategic decision and demonstrating discretion of position power. Additionally, passing on an inspiring leader’s thoughts and ideas to an organization’s members is accomplished through the construction of organization culture, institutionalization and convention.

First, the findings are based on only Liu Chuan-zhi’s case. The authors still need more cases to compare and develop the findings and seek theoretical saturation in a broader sense. Second, the qualitative analysis is based on secondary data and future research could consider the introduction of interviews, video and other types of research data.

Under the parallel paths which are “evolution” and “design”, the dynamic leader authority formation model in China is founded.

This paper aims to elucidate how humorous prompts affect tourists’ heritage responsible behaviors (THRBs).

Three scenario-based experiments were conducted through Credamo (an online survey platform). Studies 1 and 2 used a single-factor (language style: humorous vs serious) between-subject design to test the direct and indirect effects of humorous prompts. Study 3 used a 2 (environmental quality: high vs low) × 2 (language style: humorous vs serious) between-subject design to further reveal the boundary condition (environmental quality) of the humor effect.

The results revealed that humorous (vs serious) prompts better persuade tourists to engage in heritage responsible behaviors (HRBs). Content liking mediates the relationship between humorous prompts and THRBs. Moreover, environmental quality significantly moderates the effect of humorous prompts on THRBs, whereby the persuasive effect of humorous prompts is greater in high environmental quality conditions than in low environmental quality conditions.

Destination management organizations can use humor to reduce tourists’ reactance against prompts for behavioral persuasion. Moreover, it is also important to adapt humorous prompts to changes in environmental quality in a timely manner.

Based on psychological reactance theory, the research confirmed the dominant effect of humorous prompts by using content liking as a mediating variable, providing a new research perspective for research on the regulation of THRBs. Moreover, the authors clarified a boundary condition for the persuasiveness of humorous prompts, which helps reinforce the comprehension of humor persuasion.

本研究旨在厘清幽默提示语如何影响游客遗产责任行为的差异效应与过程机制。

本研究利用见数平台开展了三个情景实验。实验1与实验2采用单因素（语言风格：幽默 vs. 严肃）组间实验设计, 验证了幽默提示语对遗产责任行为的直接与间接效应。实验3采用2（语言风格：幽默 vs. 严肃）×2（环境质量：高 vs. 低）组间实验设计进一步揭示环境质量对幽默提示语效果的调节效应。

相较于严肃提示语, 幽默提示语可更好地说服游客产生遗产责任行为。内容喜爱在幽默提示语与遗产责任行为过程中发挥完全中介作用。此外, 环境质量调节了幽默提示语对遗产责任行为的影响, 即幽默提示语（较严肃提示语）仅在环境质量较高的遗产地中具备优势。

遗产地管理组织可使用幽默来降低游客对提示语的心理逆反程度, 从而达到行为说服的目的。与此同时, 管理者也要根据目的地环境质量及时调整幽默提示语的使用策略。

基于心理逆反理论, 本研究以内容喜爱为中介变量, 证实了幽默提示语的优势说服作用, 为游客遗产责任行为管理的相关研究提供了一个新的理论视角。同时, 本研究厘清了幽默提示语在遗产旅游地中的应用边界, 并强化了对幽默说服的理解。

Esta investigación pretende aclarar cómo afecta el humor al efecto persuasivo de la señalización sobre el comportamiento responsable de los turistas respecto al patrimonio.

Se realizaron tres experimentos basados en escenarios a través de Credamo (una plataforma de encuestas en línea). En los estudios 1 y 2 se utilizó un diseño entre sujetos de un solo factor (estilo de lenguaje: humorístico frente a serio) para comprobar los efectos directos e indirectos de los señalización humorísticos. El estudio 3 utilizó un diseño entre sujetos de 2 (calidad del entorno: alta frente a baja) × 2 (estilo lingüístico: humorístico frente a serio) para revelar con más detalle la condición límite (calidad del entorno) del efecto del humor.

Los resultados revelaron que las señalización humorísticas (frente a las serias) persuaden mejor a los turistas a participar en las HRB. El gusto por el contenido influye en la relación entre los señalización humorísticos y las HRB. Además, la calidad del entorno modera de forma significativa el efecto de los señalización humorísticos sobre los THRB, de modo que el efecto persuasivo de los señalización humorísticos es mayor en condiciones de alta calidad del entorno que en condiciones de baja calidad del entorno.

Las organizaciones de gestión de destinos pueden utilizar el humor para reducir la reacción de los turistas ante las señalización a la persuasión conductual. Además, también es importante adaptar oportunamente las señalización humorísticas a los cambios en la calidad del entorno.

Basándonos en la teoría de la reactancia psicológica, nuestra investigación confirmó el efecto dominante de las señalización humorísticas empleando el gusto por el contenido como variable mediadora, proporcionando una nueva perspectiva para la investigación sobre la regulación de las THRB. Además, aclaramos una condición límite para la persuasión de los señalización humorísticos, lo que ayuda a reforzar la comprensión de la persuasión humorística.

Virtual tourism has become popular in recent years. However, there is still a research gap on virtual tourist motivation. This study aims to identify virtual tourist motivation and explore the relationship between virtual tourism and on-site tourism.

This research identifies virtual tourist motivation based on Means-end chain (MEC) theory. Laddering interviews with 32 respondents were conducted to construct a hierarchical value map. Additionally, a motivation analysis of virtual tourism and on-site tourism was developed based on a review of the relevant literature.

This exploratory study revealed 12 attributes, 9 results and 4 values that virtual tourists wish to achieve and identified 5 means-end chains where self-satisfaction is the most important value-led motivation. Compared with on-site tourism motivations, virtual tourism shows possibilities of replacing, complementing and extending on-site tourism under certain circumstances. However, it significantly depends on whether tourists are attracted by the technical characteristics, security and experience conditions of virtual tourism.

This study contributes to understanding virtual tourist motivation and offers motivation-based insights into the relationship between virtual and on-site tourism. Managerial implications on how to attract potential online tourists are also provided.

虚拟旅游在近些年逐渐受到欢迎。然而, 关于虚拟旅游动机的研究仍存在不足。本研究旨在识别虚拟旅游动机, 并探讨虚拟旅游与现实旅游之间的关系。

本研究基于方法-目的链（MEC）理论识别虚拟游客动机。通过对32名受访者进行阶梯式访谈, 以构建一个价值阶层图。此外, 本研究在回顾相关文献基础上, 对虚拟旅游和现实旅游的动机进行差异化比较分析。

这项探索性研究揭示了虚拟旅游游客希望实现的12个属性、9个结果和4个价值, 并确定了5条MEC, 其中自我满足是最重要的价值导向动机。通过与现实旅游动机比较, 研究发现虚拟旅游在一定条件下具有替代、补充和延伸现实旅游的可能性。然而, 这在很大程度上取决于游客是否被虚拟旅游的技术特点、安全性和体验等条件所吸引。

研究结果有助于进一步理解虚拟旅游动机, 并为虚拟旅游和现实旅游之间的关系提供基于动机的见解。重要的是, 研究还为如何吸引潜在虚拟游客提供管理启示。

El turismo virtual se ha popularizado en los últimos años. Sin embargo, aún existe un vacío en la investigación sobre la motivación del turista virtual. El estudio pretende identificar la motivación del turista virtual y explorar la relación entre el turismo virtual y el turismo in situ (real).

Esta investigación identifica la motivación del turista virtual basándose en la teoría de la cadena medio-fin (MEC). Se realizaron entrevistas escalonadas a 32 encuestados para construir un mapa jerárquico de valores. Además, se elaboró un análisis de la motivación del turismo virtual y del turismo presencial basado en una revisión de la bibliografía pertinente.

El estudio exploratorio reveló 12 atributos, 9 resultados y 4 valores que los turistas virtuales desean alcanzar e identificó 5 MEC en los que la autosatisfacción es la motivación basada en valores más importante. En comparación con las motivaciones del turismo in situ (real), el turismo virtual muestra posibilidades de sustituir, complementar y ampliar el turismo in situ (real) en determinadas circunstancias. Sin embargo, depende en gran medida de si los turistas se sienten atraídos por las características técnicas, la seguridad y las condiciones de experiencia del turismo virtual.

Este estudio contribuye a comprender la motivación del turista virtual y ofrece perspectivas basadas en la motivación sobre la relación entre el turismo virtual y el turismo in situ (real). También se ofrecen implicaciones para la gestión sobre cómo atraer a los turistas potenciales en línea.

This study aims to analyze how bed and breakfast (B&B) experience influences customer value cocreation (CVCC) through emotional psychological factors under the social servicescape (SSC).

A moderated chain mediation model was constructed based on the SSC framework. This study collected 722 valid questionnaires through convenience sampling in Xiamen, China, and tourists with B&B experiences were taken as samples. A structural equation model analysis was used to test relevant hypotheses.

Results reveal that B&B experience is the core factor to stimulate CVCC. In this process, the individual emotional psychological factors [pleasant arousal (PAL) and place attachment (PAT)] play the critical chain mediating role. In addition, localness positively moderates the reinforcing effect of B&B experience on PAL and strengthens the positive effect of PAL on PAT.

The findings can provide useful CVCC strategies for B&B operators. They can achieve CVCC by enhancing customer experiences, strengthening emotional interactions and building local culture, thereby improving the competitiveness of B&Bs.

Current research lacks an in-depth analysis on the internal relationship and logic between B&B experience and CVCC, especially from emotional psychological perspectives. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first studies to reveal the mechanism of the CVCC process of B&Bs under the SSC from an emotional psychological perspective. It provides a new theoretical model for research on the CVCC of experience-dominant logic.

本研究旨在分析社会服务场景下, 民宿体验如何通过情感心理影响顾客的价值共创。

基于社会服务场景框架, 本研究构建了一个有调节的链式中介模型。研究者针对具有民宿住宿体验的游客进行调查, 在中国厦门采用便利抽样技术收集了722份有效问卷, 并采用结构方程模型检验提出的相关假设。

在社会服务场景下, 民宿体验是激发顾客价值共创的核心因素。在此过程中, 个体情感心理因素（愉悦唤醒和地方依恋）发挥了重要的中介作用, 有效衔接了民宿体验到顾客价值共创的实现过程。此外, 地方性是独特的地方文化体验因子, 正向调节了民宿体验对愉悦唤醒的强化作用, 也增强了愉悦唤醒对地方依恋的积极作用。

研究结论为民宿管理者如何提升顾客价值共创贡献了经营策略。民宿管理者可以通过提升顾客体验、加强情感互动和打造地方文化来实现价值共创, 进而提升民宿竞争力。

当前关于民宿体验与顾客价值共创之间的内在关系及逻辑缺乏深入分析, 仍缺乏情感心理视角的探索。本研究首次从情感心理视角揭示了社会服务场景下民宿顾客价值共创的过程机理, 为以顾客体验为主导逻辑的价值共创研究提供了新的理论模型。

Este estudio pretende analizar cómo la experiencia en un B&B influye en la cocreación de valor para el cliente (CVCC) a través de factores psicológicos emocionales en el marco social del servicescape.

Se construyó un modelo de mediación en cadena moderado basado en el marco social del servicescape. En este estudio se recogieron 722 cuestionarios válidos mediante un muestreo de conveniencia en Xiamen, China, y se tomaron como muestra turistas con experiencias en establecimientos Bed and Breakfast (B&B). Se utilizó un análisis de modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) para poner a prueba las hipótesis pertinentes.

Los resultados revelan que la experiencia en el B&B es el factor central para estimular la CVCC. En este proceso, los factores psicológicos emocionales individuales (excitación placentera y apego al lugar) desempeñan un papel mediador en cadena. Además, el carácter local modera positivamente el efecto de refuerzo de la experiencia de B&B sobre la excitación placentera y refuerza el efecto positivo de la excitación placentera sobre el apego al lugar.

Los resultados pueden proporcionar estrategias de CVCC útiles para los operadores de B&B. Pueden lograr la CVCC mejorando las experiencias de los clientes, reforzando las interacciones emocionales y construyendo la cultura local, mejorando así la competitividad de los B&B.

La investigación actual carece de un análisis en profundidad sobre la relación interna y la lógica entre la experiencia de los B&B y la CVCC, especialmente desde las perspectivas psicológicas emocionales. Este estudio es uno de los primeros que revela el mecanismo del proceso de CVCC de los B&B bajo el modelo social del servicescape desde una perspectiva psicológica emocional. Proporciona un nuevo modelo teórico para la investigación sobre la CVCC en la lógica dominante de la experiencia.

This study aims to explore the dynamics between the brand manufacturer’s revenue model choice and the platform’s private label product entry strategy, specifically, (1) Under the wholesale and agency models, when should the platform introduce its private label product to compete with the manufacturer? (2) Facing the potential threat of the platform’s entry, how should the manufacturer choose between the wholesale and agency models? (3) How does the platform’s entry strategy affect the manufacturer’s price decisions and demand? (4) What are the implications of the strategic interaction between the manufacturer’s model selection and the platform’s encroachment on social welfare and consumer surplus?

This study develops a multistage game model consisting of a manufacturer, a platform and consumers. The model describes the strategic interaction between the manufacturer and the platform, where the manufacturer first chooses one of the revenue models from the agency model and the wholesale model, followed by the platform’s decision whether to offer its own products to enter the competition, after which the two parties set the price of their products to compete on price according to their strategies, then the consumers make purchase decisions based on the principle of utility maximization.

For the platform, to not hurt its profitability in the manufacturer channel with too much competition, lower social utility sensitivity and lower similarity of product imitation rather favor platform entry. Platform entry affects manufacturers’ retail prices and demand differently across different revenue models. Interestingly, if the social utility sensitivity and imitation similarity are moderate, when the commissions extracted by the platform are low, manufacturers still have the incentive to adopt the wholesale model rather than the agency model. In addition, platform entry into competition increases consumer surplus and social welfare only when consumer sensitivity to social utility is low.

The research model innovatively describes the strategic interaction between the manufacturer and the platform; to more accurately portray the consumer demand model, this model also introduces the parameters of the similarity of the platform’s products to the products of the manufacturer, as well as the social utility sensitivity of consumers. Conclusions are drawn on the choice of platform entry strategy versus the choice of revenue model for manufacturers. Relevant managerial insights are provided for both platforms and manufacturers, which partially explains the existing market situation.

The purpose of this paper is to explore and test the motivation behind the evolution of China’s vast network of partnerships around the globe since the end of the Cold War.

After combing through 24 types of partnerships with 78 countries, the authors empirically tested four hypotheses using data from Correlates of War and World Bank.

The analysis indicates that China’s choice to build such an elaborate network is not random. On the contrary, it is largely determined by three factors: the need to counter the US pressure; the necessity of maintaining peace and stability along its borders and achieving the long-term goal of modernization.

The research is among the first attempts to comprehensively test the possible motivations behind China’s partnership building efforts and provides a stepping stone for analyzing this important aspect of China’s foreign policy.

The minimum wage has been regarded as an important element of public policy for reducing poverty and inequality. Increasing the minimum wage is supposed to raise earnings for millions of low-wage workers and therefore lower earnings inequality. However, there is no consensus in the existing literature from industrialized countries regarding whether increasing the minimum wage has helped lower earnings inequality. China has recently exhibited rapid economic growth and widening earnings inequality. Since China promulgated new minimum wage regulations in 2004, the magnitude and frequency of changes in the minimum wage have been substantial, both over time and across jurisdictions. The growing importance of research on the relationship between the minimum wage and earnings inequality and its controversial nature have sparked heated debate in China, highlighting the importance of rigorous research to inform evidence-based policy making. We investigate the contribution of the minimum wage to the well-documented rise in earnings inequality in China from 2004 to 2009 by using city-level minimum wage panel data and a representative Chinese household survey, and we find that increasing the minimum wage reduces inequality – by decreasing the earnings gap between the median and the bottom decile – over the analysis period.