Search results

The paper aims to compare remote teaching effectiveness with face-to-face classroom teaching. This study seeks to investigate the influence of remote teaching on student academic learning during the pandemic compared to prepandemic, utilizing self-reported data from students.

The analysis is based on information extracted from the Student Course Evaluation. The study defines Spring 2019 and Fall 2019 semesters as prepandemic and labels them as the comparison base period. Spring 2020, Fall 2020 and Spring 2021 semesters are considered “during the pandemic” for comparison.

Upon comparing the average scores, the study findings indicate that students experienced a reduction in learning during the pandemic in contrast to the prepandemic period. Notably, a substantial decline in student academic learning was observed in the Spring 2020, followed by the Fall 2020 semesters. However, with the passage of time, the adverse impact of remote teaching on student learning showed a gradual decrease. In the Spring 2021 semester, students’ self-reports on learning in their business courses returned to prepandemic levels.

The study has relied on secondary data sources and student self-reporting. Future research should aim to use more controlled data to mitigate the limitations associated with secondary data.

The study suggests that remote teaching could be as effective as face-to-face classroom teaching, and administrators of universities and colleges may consider it a viable option in the future.

This paper adds an important (probably first) empirical study of remote teaching effectiveness to the field of online learning literature.

After the standstill generated by the COVID-19 outbreak, airlines were forced to adapt their operations and strategies to the new market requirements and constraints both in terms of supply and demand. The initial recovery included many short-term decisions for survival. Yet, as the market recovered, sometimes in new forms, airlines rebuilt their networks for a new long-term future. In this chapter, we compare the pre- and postpandemic network configurations of a selection of European airlines using a combination of network structure, topology, and connectivity indicators, which help understand airlines' network economics. As a general trend, low-cost carriers recovered faster than full-service ones, in many cases already exceeding prepandemic supply volumes. However, our study shows the high heterogeneity of responses and postpandemic network structures across business models. While some airlines kept very similar structures, adapting to the demand change, some opted for a bolder strategy, growing their networks compared to prepandemic levels. Also, in some cases, new regulations or other external events forced the changes in networks. Finally, although in 2022 data still showed long-haul markets a little behind compared to prepandemic figures, signs such as the continued passenger increase and the ramp up of aircraft orders by airlines point toward a full recovery leading back to a sector based on continued traffic growth.

Due to volatile changes and crises in the business environment, frontline service employees (FSEs) are faced with increasing work stressors in the new service marketplace. Of these, customer incivility has been found to negatively affect their work outcomes. This study aims to examine the moderating effect of experiencing an imminent environmental crisis (i.e. the COVID-19 pandemic) on the relationship between customer incivility, work engagement and job crafting, using pre- and postpandemic samples.

The authors administered two-wave surveys to 276 FSEs (prepandemic sample) in July and October 2019 and to 301 FSEs (postpandemic sample) in March and April 2020.

Moderation analyses showed that the relationship between customer incivility, work engagement and job crafting varied between FSEs who experienced the pandemic and those who did not; the relationship was stronger for the postpandemic than the prepandemic sample. There was a positive relationship between work engagement and job crafting; it was weaker for the postpandemic sample.

The deleterious effect of customer incivility exacerbated after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic; however, the authors did not explore why the pandemic aggravated the negative effect. The mechanism underlying the moderating effect of the pandemic and the effect of more diverse types of incivility should be explored in future research.

It is critical to provide FSEs with instrumental and emotional support to cope with the crisis brought on by the pandemic. Service organizations must monitor customers’ uncivil behaviors to identify their causes and develop interventions to improve service quality. Furthermore, service organizations are advised to enhance the coping capabilities of FSEs by using diverse interventions, such as emotion regulation training, debriefing sessions, short breaks and job crafting.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to reveal the moderating effect of the pandemic on the relationships between customer incivility, work engagement and job crafting, using pre- and postpandemic samples. This study offers necessary insights to improve FSEs’ engagement at work and enhance their job crafting in the new service marketplace.

Employment rates fell dramatically between March and April 2020 as the initial shock of the COVID-19 pandemic reverberated through the US labor market. This paper uses data from the CPS Basic Monthly Files to document that the employment decline was particularly severe for immigrants. Historically, immigrant men are more likely to work than native men. The pandemic-related labor market shock eliminated the immigrant employment advantage. After this initial precipitous drop, however, the employment recovery through June 2021 was much stronger for immigrants, and particularly for undocumented immigrants. The steep drop in immigrant employment at the start of the pandemic occurred partly because immigrants were less likely to work in jobs that could be performed remotely and suffered disproportionate employment losses as only workers with remotable skills were able to continue working from home. The stronger employment recovery of undocumented immigrants, relative to that experienced by natives or legal immigrants, is mostly explained by the fact that undocumented workers were not eligible for the generous unemployment insurance (UI) benefits offered to workers during the pandemic.

This chapter reviews the competition between full-service carrier (FSC) and low-cost carrier (LCC) in China. More importantly, we discuss the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on FSC–LCC competition. Specifically, the airlines' route choices and also the market contact between FSCs and LCCs in China are examined and discussed. Our review results suggest that, despite the rapid growth of the independent LCC Spring Airlines and the establishment of new subsidiary LCCs by FSCs, China's LCC sector still plays relatively minor roles compared with many fully deregulated markets. Subsidiary LCCs serve more as competitive tools for their parent FSCs, primarily deployed on their parent FSCs' routes to jointly compete against rival FSCs. This competition is primarily focused on niche regional markets rather than engaging in full-scale competition. Spring Airlines also strategically avoided direct head-to-head competition with FSCs before the pandemic by mainly connecting with the secondary cities. However, the pandemic has introduced significant changes, notably the network differentiation between FSCs and LCCs in mainland China. With the relaxation of government's regulations on airline route entries into hub airports during pandemic, Chinese LCCs have shifted their focus toward serving more dense routes, especially those connected to the top five cities. This shift has led to an intensified head-to-head competition between LCCs and FSCs following the outbreak of the pandemic. Such a process is likely to continue in the years to come. This chapter's discussions could also provide new insights into LCC development and the impact of the pandemic on FSC–LCC competition interactions to supplement existing literature studying other major airline markets.

This chapter examines business resilience and capacity management by US airlines during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. It analyzes matched data from the US Bureau of Transportation Statistics and daily flight schedules from the Official Airline Guide to compare disruption impacts across different airport categories and airlines. Simple, scalable measures of resilience are introduced, utilizing average and standard deviation measures relative to prepandemic periods. Airlines adjusted their capacity offerings swiftly in response to the pandemic-induced demand collapse, with substantial disruption initially but followed by stabilization. Throughout 2020 and 2021, there were more schedule variations compared to the postpandemic periods of 2022 and 2023. Low-cost carriers (LCCs) rebounded faster than full-service carriers (FSCs), with smaller LCCs showing the quickest recovery, expanding operations notably at smaller airports. Consequently, smaller airports regained prepandemic traffic levels faster than major ones focused on big FSC networks. Analysis reveals that while the largest airports often have more flights scheduled than performed, medium and smaller airports tend to have more flights performed than scheduled, albeit with higher variability for medium ones. The study argues that the airline scheduling process proved resilient and adaptable to the significant and prolonged disruption caused by the pandemic.

While prior research has investigated factors that predict consumers’ information search behaviors as they relate to automobiles, such studies were conducted prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Given that the pandemic has necessitated lockdowns, social distancing, business closures and other disruptions to normal shopping activities, consumer information search behaviors have also been substantially altered as the psychological distance between consumers and marketers has increased. Thus, this study aims to examine these changes and identify patterns of search behavior for a major durable product: automobiles.

Using survey data from before and during the pandemic, the study implements Finite Mixture Modeling to unveil latent segments of U.S. consumers’ search behaviors and choices for Japanese automobiles. This analytic method enables capturing consumer unobserved heterogeneity through mixing probabilities guided by individual characteristics. These segments are determined based on consumers’ information search for online and offline marketer-controlled and nonmarketer-controlled sources.

The study identifies that two segments of consumers emerge both prior to the pandemic and during the pandemic. These empirically validated findings indicate that the pandemic has led to shifts in consumers’ information search behaviors for Japanese automobiles by relying more on nonmarketer-controlled sources of information.

This work is among the first comprehensive empirical analyses of consumer search for a major durable product by comparing pre- and during pandemic patterns. Using analytics and econometrics, the first-hand analysis findings offer meaningful implications for marketers and product managers in the automotive industry.

The purpose of this study is to examine whether the COVID-19 pandemic has affected earnings management and the value relevance of earnings in the USA.

Discretionary accruals, the explanatory power and slope coefficient of earnings are compared between 2019 (prepandemic year) and 2020 (pandemic year). Univariate and regression analyses are performed.

There was a significant decline in discretionary accruals from 2019 to 2020, suggesting that firms engaged in more income-decreasing earnings management to take a big bath in reporting earnings in the pandemic year. Meanwhile, the explanatory power and slope coefficient of earnings both were lower in 2020 than in 2019, consistent with the notion that the pandemic has impaired the value relevance of earnings.

This study explores the consequences of the pandemic from accounting perspective. It also enriches accounting research on economic crises.

The objective of the present study is to compare the Personal Leadership Resources (PLR) of primary school principals in Spain and Portugal, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

A quantitative methodology was used to analyze the data obtained from a questionnaire that measured the PLR of a sample of 308 principals from both countries (Portugal and Spain).

The results showed that the education leaders utilized their PLR with less intensity in a health emergency. Also, it was shown that the PLR related to the need to know effective practices, the efficiency in problem-solving, and the management of one’s emotions were crucial in moments of crisis. It is essential to identify the PLR utilized in moments of crisis to influence the training of education leaders to manage future emergencies efficiently.

This is the first study comparing the PLR developed by school principals in Catalonia (Spain) and Portugal before and during the pandemic.