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Given the competitiveness of the business environment globally, environmental, social and governance (ESG), which represents a sustainable development framework that integrates environmental, social and corporate governance factors, has become an increasingly recognized concept in emerging markets. In the case of Ghana, its implementation is influenced by several factors, including leadership.

Drawing on the resource-based view theory, higher-order theory and stakeholder theory, we developed and evaluated a serial mediation model to explain how ESG performance and corporate reputation can connect transformational leadership to enhance competitive advantage. Utilizing the Process Macro model 6 in SPSS, data were collected from 340 senior managers/executives and middle-level managers from European multinational firms operating in Ghana.

The results indicate that transformational leadership positively affects ESG performance. Enhanced ESG performance, in turn, leads to improved corporate reputation, which subsequently results in a stronger competitive advantage.

This study is limited to European multinational firms operating in Ghana, which may restrict the generalizability of the findings to other contexts or regions.

The findings suggest that organizations aiming to strengthen their competitive advantage should prioritize transformational leadership practices that foster ESG initiatives, as these are critical drivers of corporate reputation and market positioning.

This study provides new insights into the interwovenness between ESG performance and leadership in enhancing corporate reputation and competitive advantage within the context of emerging markets.

This current study seeks to examine the effect of pharmaceutical business ecosystem (BE) governance mechanisms on new product development and to ascertain how crucial firm coordination will be in these relationships.

Analysis was based on 173 firms (institutions) selected from pharmaceutical BE. Various validity and reliability checks were conducted before the presentation of the actual analysis, which was conducted using structural equation modeling in Amos (v.23).

Findings showed that both relational and contractual governance mechanisms had direct positive effects on new product development of keystone. These effects were, however, partially mediated by coordination among the pharmaceutical BE members.

The development of COVID-19 vaccines across the globe has taught us that innovation and speedy development of pharmaceutical drugs are very essential. New product development success could however be achieved through effective coordination and proper governance mechanisms.

Business ecosystem, considered a network of actors, with varying degrees of multilateral, nongeneric complementarities and nonhierarchically controlled relationship, tends to pose problems for keystones. Very limited attention has however been paid to the governance mechanisms and coordination within the BE, especially in the pharmaceutical industry, which has proved its worth in this season of COVID-19.

This study aims to assess the mediating role of green marketing orientation (GMO) dimensions in the relationship between stakeholder risk and new product success among European multinational enterprises (EMNEs) in Ghana.

The study was based on primary data gathered from 302 EMNEs in Ghana. After various validity and reliability checks, structural equation modeling in Amos (v.23) was performed to estimate the various relationships hypothesized in the study.

The study finds that stakeholder risk had a significant negative effect on the success of EMNEs’ new products. This negative effect is, however, nullified by the positive mediating effects of strategic green marketing orientation, tactical green marketing orientation and internal green marketing orientation.

GMO is highly regarded as context-specific, with unique characteristics. Implying that the interpretation of results from the GMO framework should be on the backdrop of the social, cultural political and economic environment.

Stakeholder risk posed a significant challenge to the success of EMNEs, whose operations are monitored not just by domestic stakeholders but also international stakeholders. The actions and inactions of these EMNEs affect the overall image of the mother firm and are, therefore, expected to operate within acceptable norms.

The adoption of GMOs increases the success of new products, as firms receive a social license for their environmentally friendly operations. GMO also helps in solving societal concerns for environmental protection, which is very paramount in this 21st century.

Past studies have largely focused on stakeholder pressure; however, this study focuses on the risks associated with those pressures and how these risks influence the success of new products.

The purpose of this study is to assess if the mediating effect of green innovation capability (GIC) in the relationship between green market orientation (GMO) and new product success (NPS) was conditional on the moderating effects of green knowledge acquisition (GKA) and green brand positioning (GBP).

The analysis was based on primary data gathered using a structured questionnaire, which was developed on a five-point Likert scale of 1-Strongly disagree to 5-Strongly agree. There were 259 manufacturing firms engaged in the study, with data analyzed using PROCESS macro (v.3.4) for SPSS (v.23).

The research revealed that GMO had no direct effect on NPS among manufacturing firms, the relationship was rather mediated by GIC of the firms. The effect of GMO on GIC was moderated by GKA, whereas the effect of GIC on NPS was moderated by GBP. Overall, the mediating effect of GIC in the relationship between GMO and NPS was conditional on the moderating effects of GKA and GBP.

The study focused on only knowledge acquisition (green), without recourse to assimilation, transformation and exploitation. These may, however, be very important in explaining the role of knowledge in green innovation.

Green market-oriented manufacturing firms must seek to also make investments in GIC to transform those concepts into successful innovative products.

Despite the increasing number of studies on GMO, very limited concentration has been paid to how firms could leverage on the potentials of GMO to enhance the success of new products introduced into the market. This study did not just establish the effect of GMO on the success of new products but also identified some intervening variables in this relationship.