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Uncertainty and gloom hang over the educational world. Fear is rife. Many, particularly in the higher education world, fear not a short term dislocation of activity, but a major discontinuity. Nowhere is this anxiety more widespread than in the Polytechnics. Established in the optimism and white heat of the 60s' technological advance, they appear to be losing their struggle for identity as a different, separate, but equal sector of higher education. The symptoms manifest themselves in a variety of forms such as:

It may be news to many trainers that in October, 1977 a report entitled An Approach to the Training of Staff with Training Officer Roles was issued by the TSA. Some of us never received copies, others may have readily filed it in the appropriate section of the archives and the rest may well have read and digested its contents. All of us have an open invitation to tender our views to the committee on trainers. However what concerns the authors is the lack of public debate on the report. After all it is now a decade since the Central Training Council published its report on the training of training officers, and the TSA is timely in suggesting we take stock of the training scene. Yet the ‘great debate’ seems to have achieved minimal proportions within industry. It is our contention that there is a serious gap between the debate being pursued at national levels by bodies such as the TSA committee on trainers and the real everyday concerns of training managers in industry. We feel that the TSA committee's invitation is to join in a debate that has already been channelled into directions remote from the issues that really matter. The central issue for trainers is the uncertainty about what their role should be and how it should relate to those other people within the concerns for which they work.

Proposes a broader framework for management development which includes education, training and planned job assignments. Within this framework, the major challenges confronting management development in the 1990s are seen as: linking development efforts to the organization′s strategic plan: utilizing job assignments more effectively to build management skills; improving the transferability of training and educational experiences to the job, and developing more collaborative business‐university relationships (e.g. consortia) to meet the development needs of specific industries and organizations better.

Emphasizes that although electronic commerce continues to grow, with it come many problems including the worry of security over the Internet. Presents a systematic approach to developing and continuously improving Web security systems — allowing for enterprise‐wide controls regarding security risks. Goes into much detail regarding systems, security and design.

The purpose of this paper is to examine political accountability to the voter in India by studying re-election patterns in 14 major states categorized as leading and lagging during the period 1952–2015.

This study has computed a state-wise re-election index by taking the ratio of the number of constituencies exhibiting re-election in four consecutive terms during 1952–1999 to the total number of constituencies in the state. The time-invariant re-election index as of the year 1999 is used to estimate the impact of the re-election on per capita state income during 2001–2015. This paper has used the correlated random effects estimation procedure that considers the state-specific unobserved factors while using a time-invariant regressor to ascertain the impact of re-election.

This study finds that persistent re-election does not seem to lead to better development outcomes. When this study computes the re-election index by excluding constituencies that are underdeveloped both in the economic and social spheres, this paper finds the asymmetric impact of re-election for the leading and the lagging states. The findings suggest that historical institutions in the laggings states could be driving the empirical results. The empirical findings are corroborated by the relatively poor availability of basic amenities in constituencies exhibiting persistent re-election when compared to the state average.

The findings suggest that the provision of re-election without term limits may need to be revisited in the lagging states for better political accountability.

First, the authors study the pattern of constituency-wise re-election to compute state-wise re-election index to capture persistent re-election. Second, the authors assess the development status of a constituency by mapping it to the development indicators of the district in which the constituency is located. This paper considers both economic as well social indicators of development. Third, the time-invariant nature of the re-election index helps to address reverse causality while studying the impact of re-election on development. Fourth, the authors use a novel econometric methodology to study the impact of the re-election on development given the time-invariant characteristic of the re-election index.

Climate change adaptation (CCA) has emerged as a significant new theme in development and many large development agencies, including bilateral, multilateral or non‐government, are embarking on new programs focusing on CCA. However, the development sector has witnessed the rise and fall of many new development themes over the past 60 years around which funding has coalesced, only to see them fade away. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the new concept of CCA is being conceptualised and utilised by aid workers in order to shed light on challenges and opportunities for effective CCA and development practices.

This paper has emerged from a broader study that involved 35 semi‐structured interviews, focus groups and participant observation with various stakeholders engaged in development and CCA. The research sought to understand how development actors defined CCA, what activities they associated with it, and how they were using the concept in their work.

This paper finds that there is a range of different, and at points contradictory, conceptualisations of CCA within the field of development. CCA discourses are being used in at least two different ways: to enable the re‐legitimisation and repetition of old development practices as well as to open a space for new practices and imagining of alternatives.

This paper offers a unique perspective of how a set of development actors are conceptualising and utilising the concept of climate change adaptation in their work. This timely contribution builds on a long history of critical development theory, which has interrogated development discourses, by investigating original data that explores this increasingly prominent theme in aid and development.