Hyungkee Young Baek, David D. Cho and Philip L Fazio
The purpose of this paper is to explain how family firm ownership and management control affect corporate capital structure strategy after controlling for other significant…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explain how family firm ownership and management control affect corporate capital structure strategy after controlling for other significant variables. The authors argue that, although family ownership has a positive effect on a firm’s leverage, family control through the CEO position and equity performance moderate its impact.
Design/methodology/approach
Using a stratified random sample of 200 US public firms in the S & P Small-Cap 600 index from 1999 to 2007, this study uses random effect panel regressions to test the impact of family ownership on market value and book value debt ratios and the moderating effects of family control and equity performance after controlling for firm, industry, and macroeconomic variables.
Findings
The initial panel regression suggests that family ownership is not related to debt ratios. However, further examination with controls for family CEO and equity performance shows that family ownership is positively related to market and book value debt ratios, but its effect is offset by family control through the CEO position and equity performance.
Research limitations/implications
This study’s methodology can be extended to examine how family firm governance factors affect other firm behaviors such as investment, risk management, and CEO compensation.
Practical implications
Practitioners should consider family ownership and management control factors when establishing financing strategy. The Small Business Administration and other government agencies should make similar considerations when setting policies.
Originality/value
This paper separates ownership and management control factors to explain why family firms use more or less leverage. This study, thus, reconciles the mixed results of prior studies, which do not differentiate between these two governance factors.
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Hyungkee Young Baek and Philip L Fazio
Small public family firms apply contracting differently given the peculiar motivations of founding families and the degree to which they monitor operations. The purpose of this…
Abstract
Purpose
Small public family firms apply contracting differently given the peculiar motivations of founding families and the degree to which they monitor operations. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of family ownership, control, and CEO dividends on CEO incentive compensation.
Design/methodology/approach
The sample consisted of 194 firms, covering about 40 percent of the relevant S&P SmallCap 600 firms. Employed were a logistic regression of the presence of incentive compensation plan and a panel regression of incentive compensation ratio against the family ownership, family CEO, CEO ownership, and dividend income variables as well as firm-specific and CEO-specific control variables.
Findings
For 1,532 firm-year observations among S&P SmallCap600 index firms during 1999-2007, the authors found that family ownership and CEO dividend income ratio negatively related to the likelihood of an incentive compensation plan and to the ratio of equity-based compensation to total CEO pay. Additionally, the effect of CEO dividend income was limited to firms with outside CEOs.
Practical implications
Boards of small capitalization firms should consider the incentive effects of CEO dividend income and CEO family membership when setting their compensation policies.
Originality/value
S&P SmallCap600 index firms are unique because they are much smaller than those listed in the S&P 500 or the Fortune 500, and are subject to more family influence. SmallCap firms are comparable in size to the foreign firms previously researched but are still well covered by analysts, and benefit from audited financial statement variables, which include dividends and stock market returns.
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Alex McCord, Philip Birch and Lewis A. Bizo
Global evidence suggests that youth offending has reduced; however, this study aims to suggest a more complex picture, with youth crime potentially being displaced to the digital…
Abstract
Purpose
Global evidence suggests that youth offending has reduced; however, this study aims to suggest a more complex picture, with youth crime potentially being displaced to the digital space. Historically, young people and crime have been synonymous with public spaces and being visible. A shift or expansion to online offending requires revision of how the justice and educational systems respond to youth offending.
Design/methodology/approach
A systematic literature review explored keywords related to age, digital offence or harm and criminal or harmful nature, using a search, appraisal, synthesis and analysis framework.
Findings
Three emergent areas of digital youth crime are discussed: digitally assisted crime, digitally dependent crime and digital harm.
Practical implications
The shift in youth offending requires response adjustment from prevention to detection. Opportunities may exist to disrupt or redirect youth before they offend. Further data specific to digital offending is needed. These findings seek to provide a possible direction for future research.
Originality/value
The concept of digital displacement of youth offending is progressively emerging. This paper examines types of offending categorised into three areas of interest.
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Alex McCord, Philip Birch and Lewis A. Bizo
Global evidence suggests a potential displacement of youth offending from the physical to the digital landscape, requiring revision of existing detection and intervention methods…
Abstract
Purpose
Global evidence suggests a potential displacement of youth offending from the physical to the digital landscape, requiring revision of existing detection and intervention methods. This study aims to explore pathways from harmful to illegal online activity perpetrated by young people, legislation and police perspectives, current detection methods and interventions.
Design/methodology/approach
This perspective paper examines issues observed within a larger systematic literature review on digital youth offending.
Findings
A trajectory from acceptable to harmful and subsequently illegal behaviour was identified, with a particular pathway from unethical video game activity to digitally dependent offending. Legislation and police perspectives vary by jurisdiction, with a common theme that increased officer education is key to the level of preparedness to investigate cases. Machine learning and automatic prevention show promise as detection and disruption processes, with education recommended for young people as a deterrent and redirection of skills to positive outcomes.
Research limitations/implications
Recommendations for further research include a broad survey of school students to include all identified areas of digital offending, which could drive the development of targeted education by law enforcement and partner agencies for young people.
Practical implications
The shift in youth offending requires the justice and educational systems to adjust how they respond to youth crime. Policy and practise shifts can include further exploration of investigative hacking, education for law enforcement and educational prevention and redirection programmes aimed at youth.
Originality/value
The digital displacement of youth offending is a progressively emerging concept. This paper examines the current state of response from educational and law enforcement agencies and discusses the next steps based on what is currently known.
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Abstract
Purpose
This paper presents an algorithm for the generation of mechanical assembly sequences.
Design/methodology/approach
The algorithm employs an adjacency matrix, and uses three different mathematical patterns of subassemblies to generate automatically all geometrical feasible assembly sequences.
Findings
This algorithm cannot only generate automatically all geometrical feasible assembly sequences but also reduce the number of sequences.
Originality/value
Assembly modeling is more completed than that of previous research; the method is able to automatically generate all possible assembly sequences and be implemented easily with program; and this paper makes use of exact mathematical equations describing every subgroup of the three‐subassembly patterns.
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This special “Anbar Abstracts” issue of the Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing is split into seven sections covering abstracts under the following headings: Marketing…
Abstract
This special “Anbar Abstracts” issue of the Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing is split into seven sections covering abstracts under the following headings: Marketing strategy; Customer service; Sales management; Promotion; Product management; Marketing research/customer behavior; Sundry.
Sina Kiegler, Torsten Wulf, Niklas Nolzen and Philip Meissner
A large body of research has analyzed individual psychological characteristics as antecedents of strategic decision-making. However, this research has mainly focused on…
Abstract
Purpose
A large body of research has analyzed individual psychological characteristics as antecedents of strategic decision-making. However, this research has mainly focused on trait-based characteristics that explain impaired strategic decision outcomes. Recently, PsyCap has been proposed as an alternative driver of strategic decision outcomes that, in contrast to other drivers, can be influenced by management.
Design/methodology/approach
Drawing on research on psychological capital (PsyCap), a psychological construct conceptualized as a state-like individual strength that is malleable, the authors argue that PsyCap exerts an inverted curvilinear effect on strategic decision outcomes. The authors use a computerized strategic decision simulation involving 102 managers to empirically test our hypotheses.
Findings
The authors show that PsyCap improves strategic decision outcomes up to an inflection point, after which it negatively affects those outcomes. The authors also show that this effect is mediated by heuristic information processing.
Research limitations/implications
For the empirical study the authors relied on a sample of 102 practicing managers from the financial services industry in Germany.
Practical implications
PsyCap has been shown to be malleable through, for instance, micro-interventions and dedicated web-based trainings. Therefore, depending on managers' PsyCap levels, either further increases in PsyCap or a regulation of this characteristic might be appropriate in order to optimize strategic decision outcomes.
Social implications
As a state-like individual strength that is malleable, PsyCap might serve as a management characteristic that is particularly important in challenging situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Originality/value
This paper contributes to research on strategic decision making by introducing PsyCap as an important antecedent of strategic decision outcomes that – in contrast to other individual characteristics – is state-like and, hence, malleable.
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Audhesh K. Paswan and S. Prasad Kantamneni
A framework for evaluating public opinion towards franchising is proposed and empirically tested in an emerging market, India. Franchising in an emerging market was selected as…
Abstract
A framework for evaluating public opinion towards franchising is proposed and empirically tested in an emerging market, India. Franchising in an emerging market was selected as the context because – (1) future growth is likely to come from newly emerging markets, (2) franchising is primarily seen as a foreign concept in emerging markets and has attracted its fair share of attention, both positive and negative. The results indicate that people evaluate franchising using four key factors – well being of small businesses, socio‐economic, socio‐cultural well being, and employment opportunity. This study further investigates the relationship between these factors and patronage behaviour. Some of these factors were associated with patronage behaviour and the associated residual feeling. Clearly, in order to succeed in emerging and developing markets, the franchising industry must pay heed to public opinion.
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Dimitrios Kourtidis, Prodromos Chatzoglou and Zeljko Sevic
The purpose of this paper is to examine whether, and to what extent, specific personality traits drive investors’ trading behaviour.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine whether, and to what extent, specific personality traits drive investors’ trading behaviour.
Design/methodology/approach
This study investigates these assumptions in an innovative way by employing an integrated model and using structural equation modelling analysis to examine them simultaneously as they would occur in the complex real world environment.
Findings
The results provide strong evidence that these personality traits influence investors’ trading behaviour and stock trading performance. The most powerful relationships are found to be those between over-confidence and stock trading volume, frequency and performance.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge there is no any similar study. This paper is the authors’ original unpublished work and it has not been submitted to any other journal for reviews.