Philip Hills, of the University of Surrey, makes a plea for effective teaching systems.
Haider Al-Darraji, Philip Hill, Katrina Sharples, Frederick L. Altice and Adeeba Kamarulzaman
This intensified case finding study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) disease among people with HIV entering the largest prison in Malaysia.
Abstract
Purpose
This intensified case finding study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) disease among people with HIV entering the largest prison in Malaysia.
Design/methodology/approach
The study was conducted in Kajang prison, starting in July 2013 in the men’s prison and June 2015 in the women’s prison. Individuals tested positive for HIV infection, during the mandatory HIV testing at the prison entry, were consecutively recruited over five months at each prison. Consented participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and asked to submit two sputum samples that were assessed using GeneXpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) and culture, irrespective of clinical presentation. Factors associated with active TB (defined as a positive result on either Xpert or culture) were assessed using regression analyses.
Findings
Overall, 214 incarcerated people with HIV were recruited. Most were men (84.6%), Malaysians (84.1%) and people who inject drugs (67.8%). The mean age was 37.5 (SD 8.2) years, and median CD4 lymphocyte count was 376 cells/mL (IQR 232–526). Overall, 27 (12.6%) TB cases were identified, which was independently associated with scores of five or more on the World Health Organization clinical scoring system for prisons (ARR 2.90 [95% CI 1.48–5.68]).
Originality/value
Limited data exists about the prevalence of TB disease at prison entry, globally and none from Malaysia. The reported high prevalence of TB disease in the study adds an important and highly needed information to design comprehensive TB control programmes in prisons.
Onalenna Stannie Seitio-Kgokgwe, Robin Gauld, Philip C. Hill and Pauline Barnett
The purpose of this paper is to assess the management of the public sector health workforce in Botswana. Using institutional frameworks it aims to document and analyse human…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess the management of the public sector health workforce in Botswana. Using institutional frameworks it aims to document and analyse human resource management (HRM) practices, and make recommendations to improve employee and health system outcomes.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper draws from a large study that used a mixed methods approach to assess performance of Botswana’s Ministry of Health (MOH). It uses data collected through document analysis and in-depth interviews of 54 key informants comprising policy makers, senior staff of the MOH and its stakeholder organizations.
Findings
Public health sector HRM in Botswana has experienced inadequate planning, poor deployment and underutilization of staff. Lack of comprehensive retention strategies and poor working conditions contributed to the failure to attract and retain skilled personnel. Relationships with both formal and informal environments affected HRM performance.
Research limitations/implications
While document review was a major source of data for this paper, the weaknesses in the human resource information system limited availability of data.
Practical implications
This paper presents an argument for the need for consideration of formal and informal environments in developing effective HRM strategies.
Originality/value
This research provides a rare system-wide approach to health HRM in a Sub-Saharan African country. It contributes to the literature and evidence needed to guide HRM policy decisions and practices
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This article is an updated version of Chapter 6, “Teaching Communication Skills in the United Kingdom”, which appeared in Communication Skills. Volume 1: An International Review…
Abstract
This article is an updated version of Chapter 6, “Teaching Communication Skills in the United Kingdom”, which appeared in Communication Skills. Volume 1: An International Review, edited by Philip Hills and Margaret McLaren, Croom Helm, London, 1987. In 1979 a survey of courses, books and materials used in communication skills courses in universities, polytechnics and institutes of higher education listed 55 institutions providing such courses which “varied in purpose, length, style and content”. The main areas dealt with by these courses were in:
Jacob Philip, Harivittal Mangalvedekar and Faruk Kazi
Industries, especially power plants, using steam as power fluid employ many equipment and systems using saturated steam. Mathematical modeling of this saturated steam water space…
Abstract
Purpose
Industries, especially power plants, using steam as power fluid employ many equipment and systems using saturated steam. Mathematical modeling of this saturated steam water space (SSWS) equipment is important for simulators catering to these industries and power plants. Single-equation-based modeling approach and its optimized version, mass factor–volume factor approach, are very efficient in modeling SSWS with bounded volumes, where the volume of the space is fixed. In unbounded volumes, the volume may be changing or is unbounded because of expansion, contraction or pressure control. The purpose of this paper is to propose a single equation based modeling approach for unbounded SSWS. Such unbounded volumes are encountered in coolant channels of pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR)-type nuclear power plants (NPPs).
Design/methodology/approach
This paper proposes an extension of a single-equation approach by considering a subsection of the volume as miniature Point SSWS. In the proposed Point SSWS, the total heat, mass and volume of the SSWS are delinked and overall density and heat density are introduced in place. With this extension, Point SSWS can be applied to unbounded volumes.
Findings
In this study, 392 coolant channels of proposed 680 MWe PHWR have been simulated to ascertain the overall coolant density when coolant boils partially on nuclear heating. The simulation results have been compared with simulation results available from previous researchers and it has been found that the values are in line with previous researchers with maximum deviation of 1.2 per cent.
Originality/value
From the simulation results and their low value of deviation, it is clear that point space approach can be effectively used in modeling Point SSWS. Moreover, theoretically, it has been proved that the density of homogenous steam–water mixture is dependent only on the bulk heat density and temperature of the mixture.
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William J. Bigoness and Philip B. DuBose
This study investigated the effects of arbitration condition and risk‐taking propensity upon bargaining behavior. Negotiators anticipating final‐offer arbitration settled more…
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of arbitration condition and risk‐taking propensity upon bargaining behavior. Negotiators anticipating final‐offer arbitration settled more contracts, resolved more contract issues, and conceded more than did negotiators anticipating conventional arbitration. Contrary to our hypothesis, low risk‐taking propensity dyads did not settle significantly more contract issues under final‐offer arbitration than they did under conventional arbitration. Union negotiators made significantly greater concessions during the 30 minute pre‐arbitration bargaining period and conceded a greater total amount than did management negotiators. Possible explanations for these findings are presented.
Guy Morgan, Kwang Ryu and Philip Mirvis
The purpose of this paper is to benchmark how 25 companies in five industries are addressing corporate citizenship through their governance, structures and systems. The paper aims…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to benchmark how 25 companies in five industries are addressing corporate citizenship through their governance, structures and systems. The paper aims to look at patterns of leadership practice developing in firms in this regard and what might be shaping them. It also seeks to consider current practices in light of movement toward next‐generation corporate citizenship.
Design/methodology/approach
The study surveyed a representative sample of Fortune 500 companies. To benchmark how companies are embedding citizenship into their governance, structure, and systems, two scorecards were devised measuring practices pertaining to: Corporate Board Governance; and Operational Management of Corporate Citizenship. Criteria chosen represent Board and management policies, behaviors, and/or public commitments.
Findings
It was found that, while corporate Boards are assuming more responsibility for oversight of conduct and taking account of specific social and environmental issues, citizenship is not yet fully embedded into Boards or the operating structures and systems of most firms.
Research limitations/implications
Companies appear to be moving through developmental stages as they integrate citizenship into their governance and operations, with several developmental patterns emerging. While there seem to be specific patterns of development that link to the industry, issues faced, and culture of firms, it is difficult to generalize specific influences within industry from the relatively small sample. Further benchmarking is needed to better understand these issues and which ideas represent best practices going forward.
Practical implications
A next generation approach to corporate citizenship requires more than top down advocacy – this needs to be backed up by Board oversight and engagement and by layered management structures, systems, processes, and policies that make citizenship part of every employee's remit, across the company's value chain.
Originality/value
The paper provides a unique set of frameworks to assess company performance in relation to governing and managing corporate citizenship. It provides much needed data from companies across a number of industries to prompt further discussion on next generation corporate citizenship, where responsible business practices are woven into the corporate DNA.
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The context in which business is conducted worldwide is changing radically and is creating new types of global business enterprises, as well as management attitudes and practices…
Abstract
The context in which business is conducted worldwide is changing radically and is creating new types of global business enterprises, as well as management attitudes and practices. Consequently, a new style of management has emerged using “geopolitical” concepts as a theoretical foundation for its formulation.
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This article examines the process of setting up a contract betweenthe training manager and the training consultant. It argues that thepotential for the training event, that is the…
Abstract
This article examines the process of setting up a contract between the training manager and the training consultant. It argues that the potential for the training event, that is the subject of the contract, to be ineffective, is great. Consequently the process has to be well managed by the training manager. It lays out eight steps in the contracting process that the training manager should observe to have a greater chance of success. These are: check the consultant′s credentials; clearly specify your needs; ensure a fit with your organisation; arrange for written programme details; make clear evaluation arrangements; monitor newly appointed consultants; give clear feedback to the consultant; be prepared to answer awkward questions.