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Valuable concepts for flexible sheet metal assembly have come out of a student project which is now in its fourth year at the Cranfield Institute of Technology.
The new cattle movement regulations of 1st March, 1960, mark the final stages of the plan to eradicate tuberculosis from cattle in this country. The last “ specified area ” under…
Abstract
The new cattle movement regulations of 1st March, 1960, mark the final stages of the plan to eradicate tuberculosis from cattle in this country. The last “ specified area ” under the Tuberculosis (Area Eradication) Order, 1950, it is hoped to declare about the same date. It comprises districts in the northeast and north midlands ; Scotland and Wales are already fully attested areas. Because of the need to prevent the re‐introduction of infection to the national herd now that the Scheme of eradicating bovine tuberculosis is moving towards completion—(it is estimated that 300,000 cattle remain to be tuberculin tested and that the eradication scheme costing about £130 millions will be finally completed by October 1st next)—cattle imported for immediate slaughter, unless “ accredited ” (attested) or of the “ once tested ” status, will be licensed from the landing places at ports only to a limited number of slaughter‐houses, mainly public, named in the regulations. Accredited or “ once tested ” cattle accompanied by the requisite veterinary certificate will be licensed to any slaughterhouse, subject to the provisions of the Tuberculosis (Area Eradication) Order, 1950, as amended, which means there will be no market in this country for untested store cattle after 1st March. This class of cattle will therefore go to swell the number of fat cattle imported from Eire for slaughter. Last year (1959) the latter numbered 72,000.
The review of food consumption elsewhere in this issue shows the broad pattern of food supplies in this country; what and how much we eat. Dietary habits are different to what…
Abstract
The review of food consumption elsewhere in this issue shows the broad pattern of food supplies in this country; what and how much we eat. Dietary habits are different to what they were before the last War, but there have been few real changes since the end of that War. Because of supplies and prices, shifts within commodity groups have occurred, e.g. carcase meat, bread, milk, but overall, the range of foods commonly eaten has remained stable. The rise of “convenience foods” in the twenty‐five year since the War is seen as a change in household needs and the increasing employment of women in industry and commerce, rather than a change in foods eaten or in consumer preference. Supplies available for consumption have remained fairly steady throughout the period, but if the main food sources, energy and nutrient content of the diet have not changed, changes in detail have begun to appear and the broad pattern of food is not quite so markedly stable as of yore.
The United Arab Emirates’ complex history, its current demographics, its youthfulness as a country, and the fact that it is a region undergoing fast-paced change make the issue of…
Abstract
The United Arab Emirates’ complex history, its current demographics, its youthfulness as a country, and the fact that it is a region undergoing fast-paced change make the issue of cultura identity particularly relevant and urgent in this part of the world. This is especially true given the rapid spread of English in the sphere of education and everyday life in recent years. This paper discusses the above issues before analyzing the attitudes and perceptions of female Emirati undergraduate students and female Emirati primary school teachers with regard to global English and its effects on local culture and identity. After analysis of the findings from a qualitative study using open-response questionnaires with 35 undergraduates and twelve teachers, a discussion follows with recommendations on how to overcome issues raised in the study.
Krystal M. Lewis and Peter Hepburn
The purpose of this paper is to describe the process, analysis, results, and implications of a card sorting usability study conducted during the planning stages of a web site…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe the process, analysis, results, and implications of a card sorting usability study conducted during the planning stages of a web site redesign project at the University of Illinois at Chicago.
Design/methodology/approach
The methodology was based on recommendations from usability literature. An open card sort was conducted with 14 students and one faculty member using 93 cards labeled with content from the library's web site. The subjects were asked to “think aloud” and explain their rationale for sorting the cards. The researchers used statistical analysis software to run a factor analysis on the results.
Findings
The researchers extracted 11 categories of cards that loaded together and 27 cards that did not fit a category. The categories showed evidence of clustering by shared words, format, and process or task. Cards that did not load were standalone categories, or were redundant or meaningless to the subjects.
Research limitations/implications
The open card sort methodology and large number of cards resulted in cumbersome data that required specialized analysis. The qualitative data were critical to the interpretation of the quantitative data.
Practical implications
Libraries can use the process and analysis as a model for their own card sort usability studies. Results can be used to inform the naming of content and the creation of library web site architecture.
Originality/value
This study is unique in its use of the open card sort technique and factor analysis of the results. The results illustrate users' perceptions of library terminology and web site structure.
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate differences/similarities in business practices of second‐generation South Asian entrepreneurs within family‐owned firms, in comparison…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate differences/similarities in business practices of second‐generation South Asian entrepreneurs within family‐owned firms, in comparison to their second‐generation counterparts managing and running their own business.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper draws its theoretical underpinning via a number of concepts relevant to the South Asian business experience. To understand this, investigation was conducted within a phenomenological paradigm. In total, 48 semi‐structured interviews were carried out with three South Asian groups. Namely, first‐ and second‐ generation Sikh, Hindu and Pakistani Muslim entrepreneurs from both family and non‐family owned micro‐small businesses situated within the Greater London area. In addition, nine businesses from all three ethnic groups were selected to complete the multiple (comparative) case‐study stage of the research.
Findings
Similarities and differences between second‐generation entrepreneurs within family and non‐family businesses (NFBs) are evident. For instance, a majority of the respondents (from family and non‐family businesses) considered entrepreneurship as something to embrace, and not as a means of economic survival. A minority of the respondents within FBs were pushed into entrepreneurship, as such, this has had an impact on the father‐son relationship in a negative way. Second‐generation respondents from FBs, in comparison to their counterparts within NFBs, were more likely to have decision‐making pertaining to the business impeded by the father. Furthermore, respondents from FBs were moving back into the said business, whereas, respondents from NFBs were developing businesses more akin to their prior employment experience.
Practical implications
The paper offers insights into the behaviour and business practices of second‐generation South Asian entrepreneurs from family and non‐family, so adding a further dimension to our understanding of this particular group.
Originality/value
The paper will be of value to policy makers, practitioners and researchers alike, is it sheds light on motives, prior experience and class resources the second‐generation bring to entrepreneurship.
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This article aims to explore how mainstream popular cinema, usually a vehicle of effortless and accessible entertainment, produces or reproduces prevailing discursive constructs…
Abstract
Purpose
This article aims to explore how mainstream popular cinema, usually a vehicle of effortless and accessible entertainment, produces or reproduces prevailing discursive constructs about managers, management and corporate firms and provides a cultural reading of organizations. Using a post-structuralist framework, it seeks to deconstruct the representations of managers in several popular films. It aims to propose that the analysis of this representation allows complex questions about the nature of power in organizations and the “opportunity costs” of resistance to be addressed.
Design/methodology/approach
This article focuses on the discursive formation of managers and employees in popular films. The films were chosen using a popularity measure on the Internet Movie Database (www.imdb.com) and treated as “visual narratives”. A variation of Rose ' s discourse analysis method was used. To critically view the films, a post-structuralist perspective was adopted, in which questions of power, gender and sexuality are seen as fundamental. Gender is a discursive practice that becomes material through the power and resistance subjectified by the human body while “truth” is referenced through specific words and images – so constructed by the “reality” of popular culture.
Findings
The analysis reveals two seemingly competing discourses surrounding the representations of managers that encompass both a description of power and the resistance to this power. In this sense, although popular films position subjects – managers and those managed – in very specific ways, at the same time their construct of power is highly contextual and open to change. This finding leads to, first, a Foucauldian understanding of power and, second, a reconceptualization of power and resistance as one and the same construct, power/resistance, that may help address the “where”, “who”, and “why” of resistance that has previously been ignored.
Originality/value
The article brings popular culture to center stage in organization studies and argues that by not paying attention to its power to inform, society is cut off from valuable knowledge about how management is “done”. The article also reveals that although on surface the representations of managers in films seem to reinforce the dominant discourse of the “macho” manager, at the same time, a second representation – the bright, eager, usually working-class employee who wants to emulate the boss but then “sees the light” and becomes a “hero” – is offering a critique of this construct, making popular culture potentially subversive.