Frank Crowley and Peter Barlow
The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between an individual's social capital context and entrepreneurship using a multi-level modelling framework.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between an individual's social capital context and entrepreneurship using a multi-level modelling framework.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses data from 87,007 individual level observations across 428 regions in 37 countries. The data comes from the 2010 and 2016 Life in Transition Surveys. The paper uses a principal component analysis to identify the different dimensions of an individual's social capital context. Subsequently, a multi-level model is employed examining the relationship between the components of an individual's social capital context and entrepreneurship (which is proxied by an individual's attempt to set up a business), whilst controlling for both country and regional effects.
Findings
Greater levels of networking, informal connections and tolerance of others have a significant positive relationship with entrepreneurial activity. Trust of institutions and others have a negative relationship with entrepreneurial activity. Regional and country differences are also important for entrepreneurship, demonstrating the importance of the multi-level and social contextual environment for business development.
Originality/value
Firstly, the authors present a broad, but comprehensive social contextual framework incorporating many measures of social capital when examining the importance of social capital for business development. Secondly, the work provides interesting results on the “bright and dark sides of trust” for entrepreneurship, answering calls for improved understandings on the positive and negative relationships between social capital and entrepreneurial activity. Thirdly, the paper extends the burgeoning but limited number of studies that examine the multi-level contextual environment of entrepreneurial activities.
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The function of lead additives in petrol is described, together with the effects on various engine components of their removal. The corrosive wear mechanisms are described in…
Abstract
The function of lead additives in petrol is described, together with the effects on various engine components of their removal. The corrosive wear mechanisms are described in detail, and the effect of alternative additives in reducing corrosion and wear are covered. A number of field case histories are described, including experiences in Sweden, where lead replacement petrol was introduced in 1992. The article concludes with a series of recommendations designed to minimise possible damage to engines caused by substitution of leaded petrol by LRP.
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This article has been withdrawn as it was published elsewhere and accidentally duplicated. The original article can be seen here: 10.1108/00368799910268093. When citing the…
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn as it was published elsewhere and accidentally duplicated. The original article can be seen here: 10.1108/00368799910268093. When citing the article, please cite: Peter L. Barlow, (1999), “The lead ban, lead replacement petrol, and the potential for engine damage”, Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. 51 Iss: 3, pp. 128 - 138.
P. Van Rensburg and D.A. Prülaid
This article develops an econometric valuation methodology that is applied to identifying value in South African red wines. It is found that quality, as simultaneously measured by…
Abstract
This article develops an econometric valuation methodology that is applied to identifying value in South African red wines. It is found that quality, as simultaneously measured by Wine magazine and Platter star ratings, is the dominant factor in explaining the cross‐section of prices. However, together with a varietal dummy these factors are only able to explain about 40% of the variation in wine prices. This implies that there is considerable value that may be gleaned through informed bargain seeking using this tool. Indeed, at certain levels of value there is more than a 50% differential in price.
In 2010, “The Independent Commission on Youth Crime and Antisocial Behaviour” published a major report. This paper critically assesses the report by placing it within a context of…
Abstract
Purpose
In 2010, “The Independent Commission on Youth Crime and Antisocial Behaviour” published a major report. This paper critically assesses the report by placing it within a context of juvenile/youth justice policy reform extending over the last 50 years.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper is based upon national and international policy analysis and comparative research.
Findings
In recent years the persistent politicisation of youth crime and an obsession with “tough” responses to child offenders in England and Wales have produced one of the most problematic youth justice regimes in the Western world. Against this backdrop the report of the Independent Commission on Youth Crime and Antisocial Behaviour is designed to influence policy reform. By drawing on an international evidence base, this paper assesses the merits of the Commission's proposals and the extent to which they signify a “fresh start” or a “false dawn”.
Originality/value
The paper argues that international evidence, alongside the provisions of both global and pan‐European human rights standards, provides a compelling case for raising the age of criminal responsibility in England and Wales, for developing youth justice policy and practice in accordance with the principle of minimum necessary intervention and for abolishing prison service and private sector penal custody for children and young people.
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Mangey Ram, Subhi Tyagi, Akshay Kumar and Nupur Goyal
The purpose of this paper is to design a ring network topology system and alter it into a series–parallel type framework. Then, reliability of the framework is analysed and…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to design a ring network topology system and alter it into a series–parallel type framework. Then, reliability of the framework is analysed and authors also discussed the signature to analyse the most sensitive component.
Design/methodology/approach
This study presents a ring-shaped network system where this type of topology forms a single continuous pathway for signals through every node. In this study, a system consists of ring network topology is generalized in the series–parallel mixed configuration and reliability characteristics are evaluated with the assistance of universal generating function (UGF) technique. The system consists of wires, repeaters, components or computers and power supply. The wires and repeaters are in series, so, if they fail the whole system will fail and the signals will not go further. The components or computers are connected to each other in parallel configuration. So, the whole system will not fail until the last computer is working. There is also a two-unit power supply system which has one unit in a standby mode. On the failure of first power supply, the second one will start functioning and the whole system fails on the failure of both power supply.
Findings
By the assistance of UGF technique, reliability function of the framework is evaluated. Also, Barlow–Proschan index and expected lifetime for the designed system is estimated by considering a numerical example for the general ring-shaped network system.
Originality/value
UGF technique is very effective for estimating the reliability of a system with complex structure and having two performance rates, i.e. completely failed and perfectly working, or more than two, i.e. multi-state performance. This technique enables to estimate every components contribution in the working and failure of the whole system. A general model of ring-shaped network system is taken and generalized algorithm is drawn for the system. Then a particular numerical example is solved for illustrating the use of this technique.
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Sadiya Naaz, Mangey Ram and Akshay Kumar
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the reliability and structure function of refrigeration complex system consisted of four components in complex manner.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the reliability and structure function of refrigeration complex system consisted of four components in complex manner.
Design/methodology/approach
Although, a variety of methodologies have been used to assess the refrigeration system's reliability function that has proven to be effective, the universal generating function approach is the basis of this research study, which is used in the calculation of a domestic refrigeration system with four separate components that are related in series and parallel with a corresponding sample to form a complex machine.
Findings
In this paper, signature reliability of the refrigeration system has been evaluated with the universal generating function technique. There are four components present in the proposed system in complex (series and parallel) manner. The tail signature, signature, Barlow–Proschan index, expected lifetime and expected cost of independent identically distributed are all computed.
Originality/value
This is the first study of domestic refrigeration system to examine the signature reliability with the help of universal generating function techniques with various measures. Refrigeration systems are an essential process in industries and home applications as they perform cooling or the maintain temperature at the desired value. A cycle of refrigeration consists of four main components such as, heat exchange, compression and expansion with a refrigerant flowing through the units within the cycle.
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Aim of the present monograph is the economic analysis of the role of MNEs regarding globalisation and digital economy and in parallel there is a reference and examination of some…
Abstract
Aim of the present monograph is the economic analysis of the role of MNEs regarding globalisation and digital economy and in parallel there is a reference and examination of some legal aspects concerning MNEs, cyberspace and e‐commerce as the means of expression of the digital economy. The whole effort of the author is focused on the examination of various aspects of MNEs and their impact upon globalisation and vice versa and how and if we are moving towards a global digital economy.
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Juhani Ukko, Sanna Hildén, Minna Saunila and Kati Tikkamäki
The purpose of the study is to investigate how organizations can exploit performance management through reflective practice to foster innovativeness and performance.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the study is to investigate how organizations can exploit performance management through reflective practice to foster innovativeness and performance.
Design/methodology/approach
A conceptual framework has been designed to link the studied concepts and to explicitly indicate current research gaps in the area. Moreover, the authors have conducted interventionist case studies to understand the interconnections between theory and practice.
Findings
This study showed that there are many possibilities with which to exploit performance management through reflective practice to foster innovativeness and performance. The study has three main implications. First, reflective practice can be learned and developed. Second, reflective practice is connected to innovativeness and performance. Third, performance management through performance measurement systems can assist in targeting the reflective practice.
Originality/value
New forms of performance measurement and management are receiving increasingly amount of attention, because the traditional forms of managing organizations do not fulfill the needs of rapidly changing environment. Prior studies maintain that a performance measurement and management supports the periodic execution of the same routines in organizations where changes are small or non-existent. In these forms, the role of reflection as an individual, collective or organizational practice is emphasized.
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Minna Saunila, Kati Tikkamäki and Juhani Ukko
– The purpose of this paper is to study the role of performance management (PM) in the use of reflective work practices.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the role of performance management (PM) in the use of reflective work practices.
Design/methodology/approach
The empirical evidence was collected during a one-year, action-oriented research project.
Findings
According to the results, PM can support the use of reflective work practices by affecting and guiding the human behavior in an organization. In this study, five roles of PM are emphasized in order to support reflective practices at work: making reflective work practices visible, supporting reflective dialogue, creating a favorable measurement culture, clarifying the goals at all organizational levels and motivating employees to use reflective work practices by means of compensation and rewards.
Practical implications
The results of the study can help professionals realize that reflective work practices may benefit organizational performance.
Originality/value
There is limited research and discussion on how a PM process through the use of reflective practices contributes to human resource management (HRM) and organizational effectiveness. In addition, PM literature has neglected the potential of reflective work practices in achieving performance at different levels (individual, group and organization). Reflective work practices, where individuals learn from their own and from each other’s professional experiences, may be the most important source of professional development and improvement. This paper argues that PM can also support this type of learning, and thus guide and motivate people in attaining business goals.