Jianing Wang, Jieshi Chen, Zhiyuan Zhang, Peilei Zhang, Zhishui Yu and Shuye Zhang
The purpose of this article is the effect of doping minor Ni on the microstructure evolution of a Sn-xNi (x = 0, 0.05 and 0.1 wt.%)/Ni (Poly-crystal/Single-crystal abbreviated as…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this article is the effect of doping minor Ni on the microstructure evolution of a Sn-xNi (x = 0, 0.05 and 0.1 wt.%)/Ni (Poly-crystal/Single-crystal abbreviated as PC Ni/SC Ni) solder joint during reflow and aging treatment. Results showed that the intermetallic compounds (IMCs) of the interfacial layer of Sn-xNi/PC Ni joints were Ni3Sn4 phase, while the IMCs of Sn-xNi/SC Ni joints were NiSn4 phase. After the reflow process and thermal aging of different joints, the growth behavior of interfacial layer was different due to the different mechanism of element diffusion of the two substrates. The PC Ni substrate mainly provided Ni atoms through grain boundary diffusion. The Ni3Sn4 phase of the Sn0.05Ni/PC Ni joint was finer, and the diffusion flux of Sn and Ni elements increased, so the Ni3Sn4 layer of this joint was the thickest. The SC Ni substrate mainly provided Ni atoms through the lattice diffusion. The Sn0.1Ni/SC Ni joint increases the number of Ni atoms at the interface due to the doping of 0.1Ni (wt.%) elements, so the joint had the thickest NiSn4 layer.
Design/methodology/approach
The effects of doping minor Ni on the microstructure evolution of an Sn-xNi (x = 0, 0.05 and 0.1 Wt.%)/Ni (Poly-crystal/Single-crystal abbreviated as PC Ni/SC Ni) solder joint during reflow and aging treatment was investigated in this study.
Findings
Results showed that the intermetallic compounds (IMCs) of the interfacial layer of Sn-xNi/PC Ni joints were Ni3Sn4 phase, while the IMCs of Sn-xNi/SC Ni joints were NiSn4 phase. After the reflow process and thermal aging of different joints, the growth behavior of the interfacial layer was different due to the different mechanisms of element diffusion of the two substrates.
Originality/value
In this study, the effect of doping Ni on the growth and formation mechanism of IMCs of the Sn-xNi/Ni (single-crystal) solder joints (x = 0, 0.05 and 0.1 Wt.%) was investigated.
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Xiaoya Shan, Yang Song and Peilei Song
This study aims to investigate the impact of environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance on financial capabilities and strategic decision-making within enterprises. It…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the impact of environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance on financial capabilities and strategic decision-making within enterprises. It seeks to provide clarity on how fulfilling ESG responsibilities influences financial performance, while examining differential effects across firm types.
Design/methodology/approach
This study analyzes the relationship between ESG performance and financial metrics using data from Chinese listed companies (2013–2022) and DuPont’s analytical framework.
Findings
First, while ESG practices enhance financial stability and market appeal, they also incur additional operating costs. Second, companies tend to increase their investments in innovation and capital expenditure as a result of better ESG performance. While capital expenditure boosts financial performance significantly, innovation investment, though promising, yields uncertain outcomes and has less influence compared to capital expenditure. Furthermore, the financial performance of nonstate-owned and nonpolluting firms is more susceptible to fluctuations in ESG performance.
Research limitations/implications
The findings are context-specific and may not universally apply to all industries and regions. Further research is needed to validate the study’s propositions in diverse economic environments.
Practical implications
Policymakers should consider incentivizing ESG compliance to bolster market competitiveness. Enterprises are advised to optimize internal processes to balance ESG practices with operational efficiency and innovation for sustainable growth.
Originality/value
This paper introduces an innovative use of DuPont analysis in economics to explore how ESG affects financial and operational performance, showing it can boost corporate results and prompt ESG responsibility. It also distinguishes innovation outcomes with “Innovation Investment” and “Capital Expenditure,” offering enhanced investment guidance.
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The purpose of this paper is to provide a conceptual framework of staged development that examines strategies of domestic companies, government policies, and impacts of foreign…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a conceptual framework of staged development that examines strategies of domestic companies, government policies, and impacts of foreign multinational companies (MNCs) at different periods of catch‐up of latecomers.
Design/methodology/approach
A multi‐case approach is employed to examine four domestic telecom‐equipment companies that have significant impact on China's telecom‐equipment industry. They are: Huawei Technology Corporation (Huawei), Shenzhen Zhongxin Technology Corporation (ZTE), Datang Telecom Technology Corporation, Ltd (Datang), and Great Dragon Information Technology (GDT).
Findings
This paper identifies four distinct stages of the catching‐up process, featuring different institutional environment, government involvement, and the ensuing actions of foreign MNCs and domestic companies. During the initial stage, China's government decision of directly leapfrogging to the most advanced switch equipment had a profound impact, because it led to both heavy reliance on foreign MNCs and the pursuance of switch research and development (R&D) by domestic research institutes and new technology companies. The dominance of foreign MNCs is challenged during the growth stage, because several domestic companies ascended and gained the capability to produce large‐scale, stored program controls and the government directly leveraged support in R&D, marketing, and finance. Although many uncompetitive domestic companies failed during the filtration stage, the management training received from foreign MNCs and newly available financing options provided necessary resources for some domestic companies to survive and expand. Domestic leaders globalized their marketing, production, and R&D functions and to become MNCs themselves in the globalization stage, thus finalizing the catching‐up.
Social implications
The Chinese experiences shed light on late‐industrialization for other developing economies by suggesting that to catch‐up in high‐tech industries, government can become involved strategically to form a competitive and efficient market environment for innovation.
Originality/value
The paper proposes a new conceptual framework to analyze catching‐up of domestic companies as latecomers. This framework can be used to study catching‐up in other sectors in late‐industrializing countries.