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The purpose is to provide an understanding of the issue of the “digital divide” and to describe how the Association of South‐East Asian Nations (ASEAN) has attempted to address this issue at the regional level. It is not an attempt to provide an exhaustive treatment of initiatives undertaken by the ASEAN regional grouping, but aims to provide sufficient information as to where the region is heading and the limitations at the regional level in undertaking this mammoth task. Concludes with directions for libraries and information providers.

US president Donald J. Trump has referred to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as the “Chinese” virus. Trump's choice of terms (i.e. naming) provides an illustrative entry point concerning the politics of naming and how analysis of language used within historical and political contexts can be used to engage students with global education principles.

This work aims to extend Hanvey's (1976) notion of perspective consciousness to include critical elements (e.g. Andreotti, 2014) that aim to uncover power structures that ultimately shape worldviews and manifest in communicative signs/signals (e.g. language). Utilizing Dewey's invocation of language as the “tool of tools,” the authors provide a series of three classroom-ready inquiries that serve to foster critical global citizenship education.

Three classroom-ready inquiries informed by the inquiry design model are presented along with resources needed to teach them.

Research has suggested the concept “global” is understood by much of the world as an instrument of US hegemony that commonly normalizes Western supremacy myths (see Andreotti, 2014; Myers, 2006). Running parallel with these concerns are research findings that suggest practitioner avoidance of global citizenship education (see Cogan and Grossman, 2009; Merryfield and Kasai, 2010; Zong, 2009). With these concerns in mind, this work provides teachers with accessible tools that promote critical notions of global citizenship education in the classroom.

Compliance with standard specifications in stairway design and construction, particularly the step geometry, is imperative for the safety and usability of stairs. The purpose of this study, was to assess the compliance of stair step geometry parameters with standard specifications in selected public buildings in Ghana. Specifically, the study investigated the prevalence of deviations in step geometry parameters from standard provisions; how significant these deviations are in comparison, and by theoretical association, the potential risk of accidents.

Field measurement of the geometric parameters of a total of 1954 steps in 204 flights of stairs within 28 university buildings was undertaken using a calibrated Multi Digit Pro + digital spirit level and a tape measure following the Nose-to-Nose Method. The results were analyzed using in Microsoft Excel 2016 and Minitab 18 and interpreted based on mean values, one-sample t-test and percentages.

Although some parameters generally complied with standard specifications, dimensional inconsistencies in risers and treads of adjacent steps were most prevalent, and significantly at margins far above standard specifications. The findings of the study show the unique limitation of the step geometry design requirements specified in the current Ghana National Building Code and the National Building Regulation, and by association, the potential risk of accidents and discomfort in the use of stairs in public buildings such as those on university campuses.

The observed deviations in the dimensions of risers and treads point to a lack of strict compliance with standard specifications in the design and construction of stairs. Apart from engaging skilled artisans, and intensifying supervision in stair construction, development control authorities in Ghana need to strengthen inspection of stairs during construction to ensure and enforce compliance.

Findings of the study provide insight into stairway design, as well as stair safety and usability in a developing world context, and allows for a more comprehensive study of stair-related accidents and discomfort associated with stairs in public buildings as a basis for the review of standards and codes in Ghana and other developing countries.

In a recent report on the role of the Training Adviser commissioned by the Hotel and Catering Industry Training Board there was some detail and discussion of relationships between training advisers and clients in the industry. The job of developing and maintaining relationships with employers in the industry, motivating clients and changing attitudes was considered by field staff to be one of the most important areas of the job. Relational activitiy, that which focuses on the needs of the adviser and the client in establishing the framework within which they can operate, is clearly a prerequisite to any adviser‐client relationship. It clearly emerged from the interviews that this was an important category of advisory activity. Relation‐ships with clients came up as the most sensitive indicator of satisfaction in the job. For the majority of field staff what happened with clients coloured their whole experience of the job. When a relationship went well and the client was responsive to training then the adviser ‘felt good’, when things went badly with clients then the adviser ‘felt he had had a bad day’. This is clearly an aspect of training advisory work which will continue to be important so long as a service based on individual contact with clients is maintained, and one which merits detailed attention.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the relational view of unethical pro-organisational behaviour (UPB) to explain interpersonal paths of influence on employees’ engagement in UPB. The proposed relational view of UPB is grounded in Darwall’s second-person philosophy.

This research design involves two quantitative studies – a pilot study with 340 subjects and the main study with 310 employees. The structural equation modelling data analysis was conducted using the R language software.

The findings provided initial support for the relational view of UPB. Study 1 revealed that employees’ accountability (perceived as personal obligation) influenced their engagement in UPB. Furthermore, Study 2 strengthens the theory and findings from Study 1 that employees’ moral organisational identification influences their engagement in UPB over the influence of employees’ identification with the organisation.

The findings extend the nomological network of UPB and extant theoretical knowledge on the moral self by uncovering how moral accountability and personal obligation have a “dark side”.

The findings indicate that practitioners should address the impact of employee interpersonal relationships on their perceived obligation to engage in UPB.

The authors provided an original use of Darwall’s second-person standpoint as the philosophical foundation to integrate accountability and identity theories, to explain interpersonal influences on employees’ engagement in UPB.

The purpose of this paper is to support the claim that socialism is ineffective and inefficient, and that this insight applies to socialized medicine, as well as all other forms of socialism.

The main method utilized in this paper is the application of basic supply and demand analysis, based on private property rights and profit considerations, to healthcare.

It is found that the application of these basic elements of economics to healthcare demonstrates that free enterprise can better attain the ends of healthcare than can socialism.

Future research should focus on the anomaly that most people view socialism with great disdain, but not when it comes to health care. Why the logical disconnect?

The Soviet Union went through economic paroxysms in ridding itself of socialism. If the implications of this research are implemented, these can be avoided in our health care system.

The impact on society of this research will be very beneficial; under free enterprise, costs will be lower, and quality of care higher. But public attitudes are at present very much in favor of socialized medicine. Hopefully, one of the benefits of the present paper will be to change this.

The value of the paper is that, in some small way, it will help attain greater health for the entire population.

Benecol Spread, a cholesterol-lowering margarine, was a product with unusual media-planning challenges. With a narrow target group and unproven market potential, Johnson & Johnson needed to get the most “bang for the buck” from its Benecol advertising. Would a media-planning model (optimizer) requiring executives to quantify their judgment on several key inputs be helpful in this process? A spreadsheet accompanying the case allows students to weight the target groups and to choose among different advertising vehicles to form the best possible media plan.

This study looks at the development of critical literacy for three pre-service teacher participants, relevant support systems, and pedagogies. It considers how pre-service teacher participants construct knowledge on critical literacy within the methods course. The participants started with their own literacy histories in order to began developing internalization and critical consciousness within the methods and field experience course. Throughout the course, the participants took social action by using some of the critical literacy approaches that were presented as instructional strategies in the methods course. However, the participants were still internalizing two essential components of critical pedagogy in their own teaching: problem posing and dialogue. They acknowledged the value of problem posing and dialogue in their own learning but had some difficulty using these methods in their own teaching. The implications from this study suggest that teacher educators and future teachers take a stance on critical education and push for structural changes in common teaching practices and school curriculum mandates.