The effects of privatisation, public work force downsizing and schemes to re‐invent government have eroded the middle management capacity that is crucial to the success of many…
Abstract
The effects of privatisation, public work force downsizing and schemes to re‐invent government have eroded the middle management capacity that is crucial to the success of many community development programmes and complex public and private partnerships for learning disability services in the US. The impact of these factors has been accelerated by reform proposals from within the learning disability field that associate government and management with the perceived ills of traditional specialised service agencies and assume that market and other approaches to providing services will be superior. In addition, the consolidation of learning disability within broader health and human services, at state and local levels, along with large losses in the number of managers in learning disability services, has added to the problems of managing community services. Managing community services is therefore an important challenge in the US, and attention needs to be paid to the unique problems in this environment, with the roles middle managers play in the large and complex organisational environment of community services crucial to their stability and success. Managers more than management frameworks are especially important in the US, as comprehensive administrative arrangements at local level are unlikely to emerge. Disappointment about traditional approaches in specialised provision should not lead to uncritical assumptions about the superiority of alternative arrangements for managing learning disability services.
Rosa Portela Forte and Sérgio Carvalho
The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of the firms' external environment on their export intensity. More specifically, it assesses whether domestic market…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of the firms' external environment on their export intensity. More specifically, it assesses whether domestic market characteristics such as domestic demand and general export environment related to tradability across borders affect firms' export intensity.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors use a sample of 29,266 firms from nine European countries, for the period of 2010–2016, and test several estimation methods (random effects models, Tobit models, and Heckman's selection models).
Findings
Results show that external factors such as domestic demand and ease of trade across borders are important determinants of firms' export intensity. Moreover, results reveal that firm's internal characteristics such as age, size and productivity also play an import role.
Originality/value
Studies about the influence of the firms' external environment on firms' export intensity are scarce because most of them are confined to a single country context. In this way, the present study contributes to the body of knowledge on the influence that external factors can have on firms' export performance by analyzing firms from nine European countries, which has important policy implications.
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The events surrounding the financial crisis of 2008 are well known, and subject to a broad level of agreement. Less accepted are theories regarding the larger context within which…
Abstract
The events surrounding the financial crisis of 2008 are well known, and subject to a broad level of agreement. Less accepted are theories regarding the larger context within which this crisis was able to unfold. Much has been made of the financialization of the American economy and the lax regulation of new financial instruments, both of which stem from the trend toward a laissez-faire economic policy that has characterized the United States since the late 1970s. I do not take issue with these claims. Instead, I argue that these developments have an earlier and deeper source: a breakdown in the ability of large American corporations to provide collective solutions to economic and social problems, a phenomenon that I term “the decline of the American corporate elite.” From a group with a relatively moderate political perspective and a pragmatic strategic orientation, this elite, through a series of historical developments, became a fragmented, largely ineffectual group, with a high degree of societal legitimacy but a paradoxical lack of power. I trace the history of this group, from its origins in the early 1900s, through its heyday in the post-World War II period, to its decline beginning in the 1970s and escalating in the 1980s. I argue that the lack of coordination within the American business community created the conditions for the crises of the post-1980 period – including the massive breakdown of 2008 – to occur.
Simona De Iulio and Carlo Vinti
The purpose of this paper is to focus on the Americanization of European advertising in the post‐war years as a phenomenon of cultural transfer and it aims to explore the…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to focus on the Americanization of European advertising in the post‐war years as a phenomenon of cultural transfer and it aims to explore the interaction between the USA and Italian advertising traditions during the 1950s and the 1960s.
Design/methodology/approach
The analysis is in two parts. First, the role of those cross‐cultural mediators who contributed to changing marketing communication strategies of many Italian companies during the 1950s and the 1960s is studied. Second, the ways in which US advertising rules and patterns are combined with the local tradition in order to fit the Italian context of the post‐war years are looked at. The research is based on a study of the main USA and Italian marketing and advertising literature of the post‐war years, and on an analysis of press campaigns and TV commercials.
Findings
This research shows that during the 1950s and the 1960s, the conflict between the American approach and the Italian approach to advertising did not prevent interaction and negotiation. In the post‐war years, the USA know‐how and practices, are re‐interpreted through the process of transfer to Italy, creating original, and unexpected solutions.
Originality/value
Although some research has been conducted on the Italian advertising scene during the post‐World War II years, the few existing contributions did not focus on the interaction between the imported American model and the local traditions. This paper provides a good overview of the ways in which notions, methodologies, and strategies coming from the USA are implemented.
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Fredrik Nordin and Jessica Lindbergh
The purpose of this paper is to offer an integrative model of foreign market learning, including different learning processes, antecedents and outcomes.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to offer an integrative model of foreign market learning, including different learning processes, antecedents and outcomes.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper makes a critical review of the relevant literature, drawing on a keywords-based search of three major databases and a range of other published work for a broader perspective on the subject.
Findings
The resulting integrative model shows in a number of ways how companies can learn and benefit from differences in foreign markets and what results this can lead to.
Research limitations/implications
The sample of subject-specific contributions to the literature may have been insufficient, and a wider selection of keywords to identify them might have captured a richer variety of concepts and opinions.
Originality/value
The integrative model contributes to the literature on foreign market learning and innovation and serves as a basis for future studies and current management strategy.
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The purpose of this bibliometric and systematic literature review is to survey and evaluate key study’s in tacit knowledge (TK). Through analysing and synthesizing based on the…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this bibliometric and systematic literature review is to survey and evaluate key study’s in tacit knowledge (TK). Through analysing and synthesizing based on the antecedents, decisions, outcomes-theories, context and methods (ADO-TCM) framework, this paper highlights research gaps and avenues for future research. It is important to recognize the antecedents, results and theories in the available literature as it offers enough evidence for encouraging the significance of TK.
Design/methodology/approach
This research paper follows a bibliometric analysis and systematic approach in identifying, analyzing and synthesizing pertinent literature in TK. A total of 59 research studies were carefully and systematically reviewed with the help of NVivo12 and excel software to code and analyse.
Findings
With the help of bibliometric analysis and framework-based systematic review, this research paper offers a retrospective view of the TCM framework in the amalgamation with ADO framework, bibliometric analysis and important themes of TK research.
Originality/value
This paper is different from existing reviews as the authors have to combine bibliometric analysis and framework-based systematic review approach to provide a more robust encapsulation of TK research. To the best of the knowledge, the present research is one of the first systematic reviews based on a framework relating to TK.