Ellen Ceklic, Hideo Tohira, Judith Finn, Deon Brink, Paul Bailey, Austin Whiteside, Elizabeth Brown, Rudolph Brits and Stephen Ball
Traffic incidents vary considerably in their severity, and the dispatch categories assigned during emergency ambulance calls aim to identify those incidents in greatest need of a…
Abstract
Purpose
Traffic incidents vary considerably in their severity, and the dispatch categories assigned during emergency ambulance calls aim to identify those incidents in greatest need of a lights and sirens (L&S) response. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dispatch categories could discriminate between those traffic incidents that do/do not require an L&S response.
Design/methodology/approach
A retrospective cohort study of ambulance records was conducted. The predictor variable was the Traffic/Transportation dispatch categories assigned by call-takers. The outcome variable was whether each incident required an L&S response. Possible thresholds for identifying dispatch categories that require an L&S response were developed. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each threshold.
Findings
There were 17,099 patients in 13,325 traffic incidents dispatched as Traffic/Transportation over the study period. “Possible death at scene” ‘had the highest odds (OR 22.07, 95% CI 1.06–461.46) and “no injuries” the lowest odds (OR 0.28 95% CI 0.14–0.58) of requiring an L&S response compared to the referent group. The area under the ROC curve was 0.65, 95% CI [0.64, 0.67]. It was found that Traffic/Transportation dispatch categories allocated during emergency ambulance calls had limited ability to discriminate those incidents that do/do not require an L&S response to the scene of a crash.
Originality/value
This research makes a unique contribution, as it considers traffic incidents not as a single entity but rather as a number of dispatch categories which has practical implications for those emergency medical services dispatching ambulances to the scene.
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This chapter assesses authentic leadership and finds it to be highly egalitarian, meaning that it may be unattractive to managers accustomed to a hierarchical style. In general…
Abstract
This chapter assesses authentic leadership and finds it to be highly egalitarian, meaning that it may be unattractive to managers accustomed to a hierarchical style. In general, management may lack knowledge about leadership theory relevant to both hierarchy and egality, the latter of which many younger employees prefer. Such a disconnect between management and follower preferences may explain two concerning findings by Gallup regarding global employee engagement: levels have remained low for nearly a decade, and companies resist Gallup's recommended cultural change. The author's ComPILAR model of group dynamics, which incorporates both egalitarian and hierarchical extremes offers potential hierarchical additions to authentic leadership, which may boost the ability of authentic leadership to guide leaders in hierarchical teams and organisations.
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Lynne McClure and William B. Werther
Specific types of dysfunctional work behaviours form anidentifiable pattern that can be uncovered through a needs analysis andaddressed by a multi‐dimensional, five‐step…
Abstract
Specific types of dysfunctional work behaviours form an identifiable pattern that can be uncovered through a needs analysis and addressed by a multi‐dimensional, five‐step developmental effort. Includes a framework for these behaviours, an outline development intervention, a case study and recommendations for further action.
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This paper, first, seeks to bring a discussion of the ship‐breaking industry of Bangladesh and other “less developed economies” (LDEs) into the academic arena, since almost no…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper, first, seeks to bring a discussion of the ship‐breaking industry of Bangladesh and other “less developed economies” (LDEs) into the academic arena, since almost no mention of it can be found in a journal database search. Second, in engaging with the multiple representations of the industry in a range of other media, from government and NGO documents, television and press reports, to photography and books, it seeks to contribute to discourse which considers the multiple stories of, amongst others, ship owners, environmentalists, journalists, photographers and, not least, those whose lives and work are the subject of others' observation – the ship‐breakers themselves. Third, it seeks to challenge a particular hegemonic “developed world” analysis of what is “good” and “bad” in relation to the industry.
Design/methodology/approach
This study is based upon alternative readings of secondary data, drawn from textual, photographic and video sources, in order to offer a range of interpretations.
Findings
From these multiple engagements, the paper seeks to show the complexity and ambiguity of the lives of those involved, and that their situation cannot be assessed by application of “developed” world notions of ethics, environmentalism, and “good” and “bad”. From this, it argues in support of ambivalence – as a contextual concern, rather than as apathy – as a necessary approach to analysis.
Originality/value
Attention is drawn to the lack of academic engagement with an industry which is of key economic importance to developing economies like those of Bangladesh, India and Pakistan, but is attacked as immoral and dangerous by developed country NGOs. The author considers the framework of (or lack of) international governance which enables its continuance in the face of this opposition.
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Styles of food journalism are defined by the audience that specificjournals wish to attract. In the UK this has led to contrastingrepresentations of food and catering in different…
Abstract
Styles of food journalism are defined by the audience that specific journals wish to attract. In the UK this has led to contrasting representations of food and catering in different forms of media, specifically those aimed at, on the one hand, catering professionals and on the other, amateurs who retain an interest in food. For “amateurs” interested in food, the images of catering work presented in magazines and other media targeted at them is understood to be “genuine”, while for those who work in the trade there is resentment at what are seen as sanitized images that are taken for “reality” by amateur audiences. This leads to a situation in the restaurant where differing views of the world of catering and the ownership of “expertise” about that world leads to conflict between patron and customer. Furthermore, this conflict is increasingly expressed by both groups, as a result of easier access to the media.
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An AFRC funded Link research project between the University of Bristol and the Institute of Food Research, Bristol is examining the use of robots for meat cutting.
Karen Hyllegard, Jennifer Ogle and Ruoh‐Nan Yan
The purpose of this paper is to examine Gen Y consumers' responses to American Apparel's use of two advertising message strategies – fair labour and sex appeal, using the theory…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine Gen Y consumers' responses to American Apparel's use of two advertising message strategies – fair labour and sex appeal, using the theory of reasoned action to predict intent to patronize American Apparel and comparing the utility of the classic reasoned action model with an extended model that included variables external to the theory.
Design/methodology/approach
A questionnaire was administered to 425 consumers, who were randomly assigned to one of four advertisement exposure groups. Group 1 evaluated an American Apparel ad (Ad No. 1) that promoted fair labour practices. Groups 2, 3, and 4 evaluated Ad No. 1 as well as one of three additional ads that featured messages employing sex appeal of varied intensities.
Findings
Participants' attitudes toward American Apparel were more positive when they were exposed to the fair labour message, only, than when they were exposed to the fair labour message in conjunction with one of the three sex appeal messages. In the classic reasoned action models, intent to patronize American Apparel was consistently predicted by attitude toward the retailer. Extending the models increased the explained variance for Groups 1, 2, and 3, with several variables adding predictive utility.
Research limitations/implications
A fair labour message may contribute to positive evaluations of apparel advertisements and may build positive attitudes toward apparel retailers. Thus, when appropriate, apparel retailers might consider using a fair labour message strategy, rather than a sex appeal message strategy.
Originality/value
The study explores consumer responses to two distinct advertising message strategies not often used simultaneously by a single company within the contemporary marketplace and examines the influence of these responses and other variables on patronage intention.