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The question “What is management?” is posed. A number of approaches are described and it is suggested that gut reaction and management by fear are no longer appropriate. Management skills are also examined and approaches to develop these identified.

Outlines the reasons why increasing numbers of firms list their shares on more than one stock exchange, previous research on the effects of cross‐listing and inter‐ and intra‐day liquidity patterns. Describes the market making system of the stock exchange of Hong Kong and compares 1996‐1997 data on a sample of 33 Hong Kong firms cross‐listed in London with a control sample. Finds the cross‐listed firms have lower trading volumes, higher absolute bid‐ask spreads but lower relative ones and higher average dollar depth. Uses regression techniques to investigate liquidity and presents the results which confirm that cross‐listed firms are more liquid with lower relative spreads and higher depths even after controlling for differences in price, volume, return variance and intertemporal patterns.

The present evaluation concerns a project under taken by Florida International University, Miami, USA; the Economics University of Varna, Bulgaria; the World Academy in Sofia, Bulgaria; the University of Utah, USA; and Westminster College, Utah. USA. The project was undertaken during the summers of 1999, 2000, 2002 and 2003. The project entailed the visit of students from four US academic institutions to Varna, Bulgaria and Sofia, Bulgaria for a period of four weeks, They were joined by students from the Bulgarian academic institutions under the supervision of professors from Bulgaria and the US. The program of the project consisted of lectures on entrepreneurship and small business management during the mornings were as the afternoons were dedicated to developing a business plan for actual businesses operating in the Varna and Sofia region. The findings and recommendations were presented at the end of the four week period to the participating parties.The evaluation was conducted through surveys by and interviews with the participating parties as well as an analysis by the participating professors in terms of the objectives set at the initiation of the project.

Man has been seeking an ideal existence for a very long time. In this existence, justice, love, and peace are no longer words, but actual experiences. How ever, with the American preemptive invasion and occupation of Afghanistan and Iraq and the subsequent prisoner abuse, such an existence seems to be farther and farther away from reality. The purpose of this work is to stop this dangerous trend by promoting justice, love, and peace through a change of the paradigm that is inconsistent with justice, love, and peace. The strong paradigm that created the strong nation like the U.S. and the strong man like George W. Bush have been the culprit, rather than the contributor, of the above three universal ideals. Thus, rather than justice, love, and peace, the strong paradigm resulted in in justice, hatred, and violence. In order to remove these three and related evils, what the world needs in the beginning of the third millenium is the weak paradigm. Through the acceptance of the latter paradigm, the golden mean or middle paradigm can be formulated, which is a synergy of the weak and the strong paradigm. In order to understand properly the meaning of these paradigms, however, some digression appears necessary.

Significant regional variations by prefecture level exist for the family and the elderly in Japan. This suggests that the Japanese family, and aging society as well, must be studied carefully with close attention to the socio‐cultural characteristics specific to each region and community (Kumagai, 1997a, 1997b). Therefore, it is essential to move the unit of analysis down to the community level rather than the national or even prefecture (regional) level. Social practices and cultural characteristics specific to each region and community are difficult to measure and quantify. Upon careful examination of Japanese married women in the traditional extended family, the theoretical hypothesis was postulated: Whether in urban or rural regions, regardless of the place of residence, married women living with their mother‐in‐law are likely to seek work outside the home. A national random sample of 3,662 Japanese women was analyzed. In conducting Chi‐square significance tests, this hypothesis is proved to be valid. The most striking finding of this study is that working outside the home seems to be one of the effective alternatives adopted by married women in the traditional generational family household. When son’s wives are in the labor force, it is most likely to reduce intergenerational conflict, a negative aspect of co‐residence living arrangements. In other words, working outside the home helps to minimize intergenerational conflict with in‐laws ‐mothers‐in‐law, in particular). Thus, the qualitative analysis of the family can provide effective indicators for the in‐depth analysis of Japanese families. It is, therefore, necessary to propose welfare policies for the elderly in the same manner, rather than simply looking at national average statistics.

This monograph contains abstracts from the 2005 Employment Research Unit Annual Conference Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, 6‐7th September 2005

It is now over 35 years since Professor Shackle published his masterly Expectation in Economics, therein formalising and synthesising his innovative work of the previous decade. Since then, though in varying degrees, controversy has raged over the relevance of his ideas for economic theory, and over the relevance of economic theory for economic life.

In the last four years, since Volume I of this Bibliography first appeared, there has been an explosion of literature in all the main functional areas of business. This wealth of material poses problems for the researcher in management studies — and, of course, for the librarian: uncovering what has been written in any one area is not an easy task. This volume aims to help the librarian and the researcher overcome some of the immediate problems of identification of material. It is an annotated bibliography of management, drawing on the wide variety of literature produced by MCB University Press. Over the last four years, MCB University Press has produced an extensive range of books and serial publications covering most of the established and many of the developing areas of management. This volume, in conjunction with Volume I, provides a guide to all the material published so far.