D.M. Santágata, P.R. Seré, S. Hornus Sack, I. Elsner, G. Mendivil and A.R. Di Sarli
The effect of different kind of pigments on the corrosion resistance properties of an epoxy paint has been investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and open…
Abstract
The effect of different kind of pigments on the corrosion resistance properties of an epoxy paint has been investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and open circuit potential measurements. Painted naval steel samples were studied during the exposure to artificial sea water. The epoxy paint coatings were prepared employing red lead, zinc, red iron oxide or titanium dioxide as pigment with 0.8 of PVC/CPVC ratio. From the EIS and corrosion potential data analyis was found that the anticorrosive protection given by an anticorrosive (pigmented with red lead) and a top coat (pigmented with red iron oxide) epoxy painting scheme was both more lasting and more effective. This was attributed to the fact that both the effective adhesion provided by the chemical bonding between the steel surface and the epoxy paint groups and the constant high barrier effect afforded by this type of top coat were a perfect complement for the high corrosion inhibitive capacity of the red lead pigment.
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D.M. Santágata, P.R. Seré, S. Hornus Sack, C.I. Elsner, G. Mendivil and A.R. Di Sarli
The effect of different kind of pigments on the corrosion resistance properties of an epoxy paint has been investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and open…
Abstract
The effect of different kind of pigments on the corrosion resistance properties of an epoxy paint has been investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and open circuit potential measurements. Painted naval steel samples were studied during the exposure to artificial sea water. The epoxy paint coatings were prepared employing red lead, zinc, red iron oxide or titanium dioxide as pigment with 0.8 of PVC/CPVC ratio. From the EIS and corrosion potential data analyis was found that the anticorrosive protection given by an anticorrosive (pigmented with red lead) and a top coat (pigmented with red iron oxide) epoxy painting scheme was both more lasting and more effective. This was attributed to the fact that both the effective adhesion provided by the chemical bonding between the steel surface and the epoxy paint groups and the constant high barrier effect afforded by this type of top coat were a perfect complement for the high corrosion inhibitive capacity of the red lead pigment.
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J.J. Caprari, A.R. Di Sarli and B. del Amo
Health and safety legislation has forced changes in the type of anticorrosive pigments used in paint formulations, mainly focused on their substitution with different phosphates…
Abstract
Health and safety legislation has forced changes in the type of anticorrosive pigments used in paint formulations, mainly focused on their substitution with different phosphates. The zinc phosphate pigment used with different types of binders has provided contradictory experimental results. In this paper, waterborne anticorrosive paints pigmented with zinc phosphates were studied. The main variables considered were PVC and the anticorrosive pigment content. Accelerated tests (salt spray, humidity chamber, and electrochemical tests) were performed to evaluate the paints’ anticorrosive performance. Good correlation was found using salt spray and impedance tests. From analysis of the time dependence of all the experimental results it was concluded that an efficient steel protection could be obtained using a waterborne epoxy primer pigmented with zinc phosphate. Such protection is attained through the barrier effect afforded by the paint film as well as the precipitation of a pretty stable ferric phosphate layer under the intact and damaged coating areas.
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This work aims to study the corrosion protection of laboratory‐prepared micaceous zinc ferrite (MZF) pigment in anticorrosive paints for steel.
Abstract
Purpose
This work aims to study the corrosion protection of laboratory‐prepared micaceous zinc ferrite (MZF) pigment in anticorrosive paints for steel.
Design/methodology/approach
Acrylic‐modified alkyd coatings, based on MZF pigment, micaceous iron oxide (MIO) and zinc ferrite (ZF) pigments, were prepared at different pigment volume concentrations “PVCs” to the critical pigment volume concentrations “CPVCs” ratio, which denoted hereafter by A. Scanning electron microscope, weight loss measurements, water vapour transmission (WVT) and immersion in 3.5 per cent salt solution as well as physico‐mechanical properties were performed to evaluate the paints anticorrosive performance.
Findings
WVT and corrosion protection can be affected by the PVC/CPVC ratio for all systems. At any particular PVC, the barrier property of the pigment was the main factor affecting the WVT and corrosion protection. MZF pigment protected the carbon steel physically through barrier action and chemically by the reaction with the acidic acrylic‐modified alkyd resin to produce soaps which passivate the substrate.
Originality/value
Novel MZF paint could be used with optimum percentage in anticorrosive paints for steel protection especially in humid and coastal regions.
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Giuseppe Moretti, Francesca Guidi, Roberto Canton, Marino Battagliarin and Gilberto Rossetto
To evaluate the corrosion performance and nano‐mechanical behaviour of a brass substrate covered by different thick SiO2 layers deposited by means of plasma enhanced chemical…
Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the corrosion performance and nano‐mechanical behaviour of a brass substrate covered by different thick SiO2 layers deposited by means of plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) technique.
Design/methodology/approach
The comparison between laboratory and “industrial” objects revealed a very good corrosion behaviour and good mechanical performance of both of them: in particular it was possible to modulate the surface treatment to solve various problems from the industrial point of view.
Findings
It was possible to reduce the Cu migration into the SiO2 coating during the PECVD deposition at a negligible level and to control it by the deposition; further, the nano‐indentation tests revealed the great utility of the coating annealing in obtaining a significant improvement of the mechanical properties of the coated objects.
Research limitations/implications
Even if some industrial problems were solved (minimization of the presence of the coating defects and transparency of the coatings), some on the layer hardness (anti‐wear behaviour of the industrial objects) has to be better investigated and possibly solved.
Practical implications
The work reports a deposition process that is carried out industrially over a two year period.
Originality/value
This research reports a PECVD process realized on industrial objects: the originality is in the reached corrosion and mechanical performances that made it possible to realize a satisfactory industrial deposition.
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Masoud Rezaei Saman Kandi, Taghi Shahrabi, Saed Reza Allahkaram and Mir Javad Geramian
Electrical industry equipment in the southern parts of Iran have sustained severe damages as a result of corrosive soil containing different kinds of salt, in combination with the…
Abstract
Electrical industry equipment in the southern parts of Iran have sustained severe damages as a result of corrosive soil containing different kinds of salt, in combination with the corrosive local atmosphere. The present paper is the result of investigations into the behaviour of coatings for various electrical insulators end‐fittings. In this research, the performance of Al‐Zn alloy coating was compared to conventional galvanized zinc coatings by means of atmospheric corrosion tests. The results demonstrated the higher corrosion resistance of the alloy coatings, compared to that of conventional galvanized coatings. Insulator end‐fittings generally are made of steel, which are coated with a hot‐dip galvanized coating. The combination of Al and Zn elements in this coating was demonstrated to possess better galvanic protection and lower corrosion rate than did pure zinc.
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The concept and practice of e-services has become essential in business transactions. Yet there are still many organizations that have not developed e-services optimally. This is…
Abstract
The concept and practice of e-services has become essential in business transactions. Yet there are still many organizations that have not developed e-services optimally. This is especially relevant in the context of Indonesian Airline companies. Therefore, many airline customers in Indonesia are still in doubt about it, or even do not use it. To fill this gap, this study attempts to develop a model for e-services adoption and empirically examines the factors influencing the airlines customers in Indonesia in using e-services offered by the Indonesian airline companies. Taking six Indonesian airline companies as a case example, the study investigated the antecedents of e-services usage of Indonesian airlines. This study further examined the impacts of motivation on customers in using e-services in the Indonesian context. Another important aim of this study was to investigate how ages, experiences and geographical areas moderate effects of e-services usage.
The study adopts a positivist research paradigm with a two-phase sequential mixed method design involving qualitative and quantitative approaches. An initial research model was first developed based on an extensive literature review, by combining acceptance and use of information technology theories, expectancy theory and the inter-organizational system motivation models. A qualitative field study via semi-structured interviews was then conducted to explore the present state among 15 respondents. The results of the interviews were analysed using content analysis yielding the final model of e-services usage. Eighteen antecedent factors hypotheses and three moderating factors hypotheses and 52-item questionnaire were developed. A focus group discussion of five respondents and a pilot study of 59 respondents resulted in final version of the questionnaire.
In the second phase, the main survey was conducted nationally to collect the research data among Indonesian airline customers who had already used Indonesian airline e-services. A total of 819 valid questionnaires were obtained. The data was then analysed using a partial least square (PLS) based structural equation modelling (SEM) technique to produce the contributions of links in the e-services model (22% of all the variances in e-services usage, 37.8% in intention to use, 46.6% in motivation, 39.2% in outcome expectancy, and 37.7% in effort expectancy). Meanwhile, path coefficients and t-values demonstrated various different influences of antecedent factors towards e-services usage. Additionally, a multi-group analysis based on PLS is employed with mixed results. In the final findings, 14 hypotheses were supported and 7 hypotheses were not supported.
The major findings of this study have confirmed that motivation has the strongest contribution in e-services usage. In addition, motivation affects e-services usage both directly and indirectly through intention-to-use. This study provides contributions to the existing knowledge of e-services models, and practical applications of IT usage. Most importantly, an understanding of antecedents of e-services adoption will provide guidelines for stakeholders in developing better e-services and strategies in order to promote and encourage more customers to use e-services. Finally, the accomplishment of this study can be expanded through possible adaptations in other industries and other geographical contexts.
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This chapter is an autoethnographic account of my journey from a working-class childhood and youth to becoming an academic in a large UK university. Using the techniques of…
Abstract
This chapter is an autoethnographic account of my journey from a working-class childhood and youth to becoming an academic in a large UK university. Using the techniques of poetics (Bachelard, 2004), the chapter focuses on several pivotal periods in my life, where I encountered a sequence of events that were to influence my journey towards transformation. Back in my early 20s, I knew that I wanted to change and to grow in new directions; however, infused with a particular heritage, set of experiences and cultural values – none of which embraced, recognised or understood learning and university as a possibility – I struggled to make sense of my feelings of frustration and being stranded. This is where my strange fascination with the airport, music, daydream and the notion of flight emerged (see Bachelard, 2011; Seres, 1993). Here, the nebulous and seemingly futile ache for an alternative and better future emerged as a potent hope and journey towards transition.
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Contemporary literature reveals that, to date, the poultry livestock sector has not received sufficient research attention. This particular industry suffers from unstructured…
Abstract
Contemporary literature reveals that, to date, the poultry livestock sector has not received sufficient research attention. This particular industry suffers from unstructured supply chain practices, lack of awareness of the implications of the sustainability concept and failure to recycle poultry wastes. The current research thus attempts to develop an integrated supply chain model in the context of poultry industry in Bangladesh. The study considers both sustainability and supply chain issues in order to incorporate them in the poultry supply chain. By placing the forward and reverse supply chains in a single framework, existing problems can be resolved to gain economic, social and environmental benefits, which will be more sustainable than the present practices.
The theoretical underpinning of this research is ‘sustainability’ and the ‘supply chain processes’ in order to examine possible improvements in the poultry production process along with waste management. The research adopts the positivist paradigm and ‘design science’ methods with the support of system dynamics (SD) and the case study methods. Initially, a mental model is developed followed by the causal loop diagram based on in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and observation techniques. The causal model helps to understand the linkages between the associated variables for each issue. Finally, the causal loop diagram is transformed into a stock and flow (quantitative) model, which is a prerequisite for SD-based simulation modelling. A decision support system (DSS) is then developed to analyse the complex decision-making process along the supply chains.
The findings reveal that integration of the supply chain can bring economic, social and environmental sustainability along with a structured production process. It is also observed that the poultry industry can apply the model outcomes in the real-life practices with minor adjustments. This present research has both theoretical and practical implications. The proposed model’s unique characteristics in mitigating the existing problems are supported by the sustainability and supply chain theories. As for practical implications, the poultry industry in Bangladesh can follow the proposed supply chain structure (as par the research model) and test various policies via simulation prior to its application. Positive outcomes of the simulation study may provide enough confidence to implement the desired changes within the industry and their supply chain networks.
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Steven H. Appelbaum, Maria Serena and Barbara T. Shapiro
A case study was conducted to identify and to dispel the current stereotypes in the workplace regarding Generation X and Baby Boomers. For the purpose of the study Generation X…
Abstract
A case study was conducted to identify and to dispel the current stereotypes in the workplace regarding Generation X and Baby Boomers. For the purpose of the study Generation X consisted of those born between 1961 and 1981, while Baby Boomers consisted of those born between 1943 and 1960. The purpose of this article was to use a custom designed survey based on the literature as the foundation to test congruence or lack of it, to address six commonly held myths presented by Paul and Townsend (1993). Furthermore it was intended to test empirical research gathered by a literature review of the stereotypes in the workplace, to better understand the profiles and factors that motivate the Baby Boomers and Generation X, in conjunction with the following independent variables: age, productivity, motivation, training, mentoring and job satisfaction. The hypothesis tested suggested that Generation Xers are more productive, more motivated, and easily trainable and exhibit higher job satisfaction levels as compared to Baby Boomers. It is important for or ganizations to recognize the limitations that stereotypes create in the workplace. As was demonstrated by the survey, Baby Boomers and Generation Xers are not dissimilar as employees; they possess more similarities than differences. Organizations need to foster an environment of respect/equity for both groups to create synergies between them to build and maintain a productive workforce.