P.J. de Jager, J.J. Broek and J.S.M. Vergeest
The third part of a comprehensive six‐part series on a promising and growing approach to mechanical attachment amenable to automation. Integral snap‐fit attachment design has…
Abstract
The third part of a comprehensive six‐part series on a promising and growing approach to mechanical attachment amenable to automation. Integral snap‐fit attachment design has traditionally focused almost exclusively on the individual features that actually accomplish locking between parts of an assembly (e.g. cantilever hooks, bayonet‐fingers, compressive hooks, traps, and others). The placement and orientation of features that facilitate or enhance engagement or eliminate unwanted translation, rotation or vibration, i.e. locating features and enhancements, are rarely considered. Here, describes integral features classified as locks, locators or enhancements. More importantly, presents a systematic six‐step approach or methodology to guide designers at the higher, attachment or conceptual design level (as opposed to lower, feature or detail design level).
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P.J. de Jager, J.J. Broek and J.S.M. Vergeest
Current rapid prototyping processes are mainly based on layered manufacturing techniques using 2.5D slices. Defines manufacturing by means of 2.5D slices as a zero order…
Abstract
Current rapid prototyping processes are mainly based on layered manufacturing techniques using 2.5D slices. Defines manufacturing by means of 2.5D slices as a zero order approximation. A disadvantage of this approximation is the staircase effect, requiring thin layers to be used. If the outer surfaces of the slices can be inclined, speaks of a first order approximation. This approximation is achieved by linear interpolation between adjacent contours, resulting in ruled slices. Describes a method to approximate a given model geometry in a layered fashion not exceeding a user‐defined error δ using either a zero or a first order approximation and an adaptive layer thickness. Analyses the model geometry for curvature and inclination in order to determine the adaptive layer thickness. Provides a method for matching corresponding contours from adjacent slices. Several test objects have been processed using both zero and first order approximation. Shows that the first order approximation significantly reduces the number of required layers for a given δ when compared to the zero order approximation.
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Chandan Kumar and A. Roy Choudhury
To calculate the volume deviation between a CAD model and built‐up part in 5‐axis laminated object manufacturing employing direct slicing with first‐order approximation.
Abstract
Purpose
To calculate the volume deviation between a CAD model and built‐up part in 5‐axis laminated object manufacturing employing direct slicing with first‐order approximation.
Design/methodology/approach
It is proposed here that the deviation between the CAD model and the built‐up part, which is normally calculated as a linear dimension in specific 2D sections of the CAD model, be treated as a volume (as it actually is), for higher accuracy in subsequent calculations. An algorithm has been developed and implemented for identification and calculation of volume deviation, considering all possibilities.
Findings
It has been conclusively shown that volume deviation consideration results in improved feature recognition and less approximation.
Research limitations/implications
Increase in complexity of the CAD model leads to a considerable increase in the volume deviation computation time. Future research in this area would focus on optimization and calculation of the slice heights based on volume deviation.
Practical implications
Calculation of volume deviation would help eliminate the loss of intricate features in a complex surface and thus improve feature recognition. Slice height calculations based on volume deviation would reduce the deviation between the actual model and the built‐up part.
Originality/value
A new method has been developed for the calculation of volume deviation that could be implemented in the rapid prototyping software packages so as to build prototypes with higher accuracy.
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James Brink, Alex Lee, David Anderson and Karthik Ramani
This paper describes algorithms and software for decomposing CAD models for a new mold manufacturing process called WirePATH™, which uses wire electrical discharge machining (EDM…
Abstract
This paper describes algorithms and software for decomposing CAD models for a new mold manufacturing process called WirePATH™, which uses wire electrical discharge machining (EDM) to reduce mold fabrication time. A decomposition strategy has been developed to account for the limitations of wire EDM. During decomposition, CAD models are separated into manufacturable segments and then layered if they contain curved or relatively flat sloped surfaces because wire EDM is limited to steeply sloped ruled surfaces. A new algorithm for direct adaptive layering of CAD models is developed. The algorithm analyzes surface error by comparing line segments against actual curves from the model surface. Also, the maximum angle needed to produce each layer is checked, and, in some cases, the layers are reconstructed to conform to the maximum angle.
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Madhup Kumar and A. Roy Choudhury
In adaptive slicing, the number of layers is drastically reduced by using sloping layer walls. For both vertical (2.5D slices) and sloping (ruled slices) outer walls, the…
Abstract
In adaptive slicing, the number of layers is drastically reduced by using sloping layer walls. For both vertical (2.5D slices) and sloping (ruled slices) outer walls, the strategies for determining slice height generally consider a number of vertical sections along the contour of a slice. Surface deviation error is calculated at these sections and slice height subsequently determined. Instead, a method is proposed which calculates error at every part of the surface. This method approximates the outer wall between two successive contours by a series of taut cubic spline patches. It is proposed that the deviation between such a patch and the actual surface is a better and more exhaustive estimate of surface error. Results show that the predicted number of slices is slightly higher than that predicted by existing methods for sloping layer walls.
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Justin Tyberg and Jan Helge Bøhn
This paper presents a new approach to adaptive slicing that significantly reduces fabrication times. The new approach first identifies the individual parts and features that…
Abstract
This paper presents a new approach to adaptive slicing that significantly reduces fabrication times. The new approach first identifies the individual parts and features that comprise each layer in a given build, and then slices each independently of one another. This technique improves upon existing adaptive slicing algorithms by eliminating most of the slices that do not effectively enhance the overall part surface quality. Conventional adaptive slicing methods produce unnecessary layers that contribute to increased fabrication times without improving the overall quality of the part surfaces. These unnecessary layers result from fabricating all of the parts and features within the build volume at a given height using a single build layer thickness. Each thickness is commonly derived from the one part or feature existing at that height whose surface geometry requires the thinnest layer to meet a tolerance criterion. The new approach has been implemented on an FDM 1600 rapid prototyping system, and has demonstrated a 17‐37 per cent reduction in fabrication times compared to that of conventional adaptive slicing methods.
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R.L. Hope, R.N. Roth and P.A. Jacobs
Presents an adaptive slicing procedure for improving the geometric accuracy of layered manufacturing techniques which, unlike previous procedures, uses layers with sloping…
Abstract
Presents an adaptive slicing procedure for improving the geometric accuracy of layered manufacturing techniques which, unlike previous procedures, uses layers with sloping boundary surfaces that closely match the shape of the required surface. This greatly reduces the stair case effect which is characteristic of layered components with square edges. Considers two measures of error, and outlines a method of predicting these measures for sloping layer surfaces. To cater for different manufacturing requirements, presents a method to produce parts with either an inside or outside tolerance, or a combination of both. Finally, considers some problems associated with surface joins, vertices, and inflection points and proposes some solutions.
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Constantin Bratianu, Dan Paiuc and Laura Brancu
This article aims to delve into the connections between DNA, cultural intelligence (CQ) and knowledge dynamics (KD) as native ingredients of the global mindset of multicultural…
Abstract
Purpose
This article aims to delve into the connections between DNA, cultural intelligence (CQ) and knowledge dynamics (KD) as native ingredients of the global mindset of multicultural managers and leaders. Cognitive science and knowledge management researchers show that business process decision-making is not entirely rational, based on explicit knowledge. They depend on the dynamics of rational, emotional and spiritual knowledge fields and on the capacity to integrate those dynamics into cultural intelligence. Most business process management studies show that managerial competencies depend on native and educational components. The literature usually addresses the developing process of those competencies through educational programs and leaves a knowledge gap concerning their native ingredients.
Design/methodology/approach
We designed an integrated research approach containing a critical literature review, supported by a bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer and a quantitative analysis derived from questionnaires and their statistical processing using SPSS, version 28. Based on VOSviewer variant 1.6.20, the bibliometric approach is used to understand the intricate correlation between DNA, CQ and KD, while the quantitative analysis is rooted in a questionnaire’s results from a sample of 101 managers with cross-cultural experience.
Findings
The analysis reveals that DNA diversity can play a notable role as a vector and predictor of CQ and KD. The results demonstrate the connection between geo-genetic diversity, CQ and the ability to be effective in multicultural business environments. Furthermore, the study highlights the impact of DNA on knowledge dynamics, revealing how geo-genetic variations impact the transfer and transformation of knowledge within sociocultural contexts—with implications for organizational behavior and cross-cultural and multicultural management.
Research limitations/implications
This study may encounter limitations in establishing a direct and unique causal relationship between DNA, cultural intelligence and knowledge dynamics, as the complex interplay of various factors, such as individual experiences, social environment and education, could influence the interpretations of the findings. Additionally, generalizing the results across diverse populations would be challenging due to the potential ethnic and geographic variations in genetic and cultural contexts (Alexander et al., 2021). Also, for future research, we could reverse the process and measure a self-reported CQ before the DNA test in order to avoid any potential cultural bias or extended perception. Business process management within a multicultural environment is strongly nonlinear and more complex models should be developed to reveal the inner correlations between main constructs.
Practical implications
This research extends beyond academia into practical domains such as organizational behavior, cross-cultural and multicultural leadership, and sustainable business processes. Acknowledging the role of genetic diversity in these phenomena encourages further inquiry, prompting scholars and practitioners to investigate the organization’s concrete ways to increase creativity and innovation, adaptability and resilience toward successful navigation in the international business environment based on diversity, inclusion and global mindset.
Social implications
Comprehending the genetic underpinnings of cultural intelligence and knowledge dynamics has potential implications for various fields, such as education, cross-cultural communication and even policy-making. By acknowledging and harnessing the influence of genetic diversity in these domains, we aim to create more inclusive and opportunity-rich environments that foster intercultural learning and cooperation. We also aim to generate more sustainable business approaches based on flexibility, continuous learning and cultural adaptation.
Originality/value
Previous literature mainly concentrated on environmental and individual factors acting on CQ and KD; however, this study is focused on uncovering DNA’s influence on these concepts and topics. The originality of this study lies in challenging conventional views on CQ and KD by introducing genetic factors to understand individual differences. Recognizing the impact of diverse genetic roots on CQ and KD, this paper emphasizes values like respect for the culture and historical background, understanding others' values, diversity and inclusion, and learning and agilely adapting. These vectors are the foundation for modern business processes in multicultural environments.
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This chapter argues that despite the proverbial claim that populism is ill-defined and has too broad a conceptual net, the literature on the subject tends to converge toward four…
Abstract
This chapter argues that despite the proverbial claim that populism is ill-defined and has too broad a conceptual net, the literature on the subject tends to converge toward four core elements of populism that provides a conceptual and analytical unity. Furthermore, the conceptual core of populism explains why the concept has been able to encompass a wide range of populist manifestations without becoming an empty analytical shell. Also, the conceptual cores have helped provide the empirical basis that has given rise to a diverse and innovative literature that seeks to measure and compare cross-nationally populism.
Noel Scott, Brent Moyle, Ana Cláudia Campos, Liubov Skavronskaya and Biqiang Liu