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This article aims to find the similarity solutions for the one-dimensional motion of spherical symmetric shock wave in non-ideal gas influenced by the azimuthal magnetic field and monochromatic radiation in the presence or absence of gravitational field. This paper also aims to study the effects of physical parameters on the strength of shock wave, and on the flow variables in the flow-field region behind the shock front.

The Roche model is used to describe the gravitational field effects due to a massive nucleus at the point of symmetry. To derive the similarity solutions, the Lie group symmetry method has been used. Also, the numerical solutions to the present problem are obtained by using Rung–Kutta method of the fourth order with the use of Mathematica software. The effects of variation in the parameter of non-idealness of the gas, the gravitation parameter, the strength of the ambient magnetic field and the adiabatic index of the gas on the shock wave, and on the flow variables is discussed. A comparative study between with and without gravitational field is also, made.

For different choices of the arbitrary constants that appeared in the solution of infinitesimal generators, we have obtained seven distinct cases of similarity solutions. In the absence of the gravitational field, the similarity solution exists to the power and exponential law shock paths, but in the presence of gravitational field, the similarity solution exists to the power law shock path case only. In the absence of gravitational field, the shock strength is enhanced in the exponential law shock path case in comparison to the power law shock path case. It is found that the shock wave decays with an increase in the value of the adiabatic exponent, the strength of magnetic field, non-idealness of the gas or gravitational parameter.

The consideration of medium under the influence of gravitational field due to a heavy nucleus at the center and presence of magnetic field decrease the shock strength. This result may be helpful in designing space vehicle and jet engine.

The result of the present study may be used in the analysis of data from the measurements by space craft in the solar wind and in neighborhood of the Earth’s magnetosphere.

The obtained results may be used for mankind.

The study of spherical shock wave propagation influenced by monochromatic radiation and azimuthal magnetic field in a non-ideal gas with or without gravitational field has yet to be discussed by any authors by using the Lie group symmetry method. In this article, we have discussed all possible cases of similarity solutions using the Lie group symmetry method, which is not studied by anyone as known to us.

It has been claimed that the private finance initiative (PFI) provides value for money in the overall life of the project through the lifecycle costing (LCC) process under the umbrella of lifecycle management (LCM). The available literature points to the fact that LCC is very important in getting value for money from PFI projects. However, there is no literature available on the effect of the use of LCM in PFI projects in the UK. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the factors that influence the success of LCM in educational PFI projects.

The paper adopts a post-positivist approach to literature review. Purposive sampling is utilised with a mixed methodological approach. 6 qualitative inductive interviews offer key themes, which are further investigated using quantitative deductive questionnaires, of which 35 were issued and 26 were returned.

The paper provides empirical insights about the key success factors of LCM in the education sector. The results highlight the necessity of quality standardized data collection in a big data form. It highlights the need for a cultural shift from short- to long-term profit maximisation and service provision by the use of LCM in the PFI education sector.

A purposive sample was used to maximise the validity of data collection. Although this method has garnered concise and clear results, it is understood that this study is limited into a niche sector and a set of subsequently niche professionals. It is recommended that a larger sample be utilised and the spectrum of PFI sectors be opened up to further explore the topic.

Further investigations across different sectors of PFI project may be viewed as a good comparison, sectors such as health, accommodation and prisons. Gathering responses across all sector types could have resulted in a greater number of responses received and offer greater validity to this study.

While key success factors are clearly identified, fragmentation is seen as a barrier to the wholesale collection of such data. The responsibility, obligation to collect data for the benefit of future projects is not a priority for SMEs with little or no incentive to consider the progression of the sector. Albeit, there is evidence of one particular successful constructor/SPV, which is consolidating their business and are experiencing greater and sustained success.

This paper identifies previously unknown key influencing factors of success for educational PFI projects in relation to LCM.

Newspapers constitute an important source of information as they contain the latest information in the form of news with, often daily, updating. Being aware of their importance, libraries have been providing news clipping services in various ways to their users since newspapers were invented. Initially, manual methods of marking, cutting and pasting the useful news items were used, but today’s libraries have automated this service by using information technology. This certainly has improved the access, delivery, and searching of news clippings in a Web‐based network environment for remote users. This case study discusses the needs, objectives and advantages of NewsNIC, a Web‐based full‐text news clippings project implemented by the library of the National Informatics Centre, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, Government of India. The authors discuss the design aspects, various systems components, Web technology and database tools used as back‐end solutions, and the use of the Microsoft MS SQL Server features and active server pages technology.

This study tries to examine the factors that influence the adoption of e-governance mobile applications among Indian citizens. In addition, this study aims to analyse the impact of these factors on the adoption process.

The study used convenience sampling procedure to collect the data from 431 citizens of India. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling techniques were used to assess the validity of scale and test the hypotheses.

The finding reveals that the information quality (IQ), perceived usefulness, social influence and government appeal (GA) significantly and positively impacted the attitude of citizen towards the m-governance. In addition, perceived ease of use was not significantly and positively impacted the citizen towards the m-governance.

This study aims to contribute to the existing literature on m-governance adoption in the developing nation. The study intends to provide insightful information on the factors influencing the adoption of m-governance. Also, this study seeks to make a scholarly contribution and provide practical insights for professionals in the industry and government departments.

Mobile applications transform the government operations and enhance the efficiency of government service delivery. Although there are numerous benefits of m-government application, but still the adoption rate of m-governance is steady. The study uses technology acceptance model along with incorporated two additional constructs, i.e. IQ and GA, to make model more comprehensive and robust to understand the m-governance adoption intention.

The purpose of this paper is to deal with the springback problems of channel cross-section bars of linear and non-linear work-hardening materials under torsional loading. Using the deformation theory of plasticity, a numerical scheme based on the finite difference approximation has been proposed. The growth of the elastic-plastic boundary and the resulting stresses while loading, and the springback and the residual stresses after unloading are calculated.

The numerical method which has been described in this paper for obtaining the solution of elasto-plastic solution can also be used for other sections. The only care that needs to be taken is to decrease the mesh size near points of stress concentration. The advantage of this technique is that it automatically takes care of all plastic zones developing over the section at different loads and gives a solution satisfying the elastic and plastic torsion equations in their respective regions.

As expected, elastic recovery is found to be more with decreasing values of n and λ. The difference in springback becomes more and more with increasing values of angle of twist. The material will approach an elastic ideally plastic behavior with increasing values of λ and n.

It seems that no attempt has been made to study residual stresses in elasto-plastic torsion of a work-hardening material for a channel cross-section.

This paper investigates the asymmetric impact of the real effective exchange rate (REER) on Egypt's real domestic output from 1960 to 2020.

A Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model is utilized to isolate real currency depreciations from appreciations and account for the potential asymmetry in the impact of the REER. The analyses account for the various channels via which the REER could affect domestic output.

Results show evidence of a long-run asymmetry in the output effect of REER changes in which only real currency depreciations have a contractionary impact on output, while the REER has no impact on output in the short run.

The Egyptian monetary authority cannot rely on domestic currency depreciation as a policy instrument to boost domestic output.

Unlike most of the previous studies, which assume linearity in the impact of the REER on output, we relax this assumption and hypothesize that the REER changes have an asymmetric effect on the Egyptian domestic output in Egypt. We use a long time span from 1960 to 2020 and control for the potential structural breaks in the REER-output nexus and the various channels through which the REER can affect domestic output.

Skill obsolescence among employees can be detrimental to organizational performance and can lead to an ensuing decline in the wellbeing of employees. Today's organizations bank on the employability skills of their human capital to stay afloat in business. The current study examines the impact of developing an employability culture in the organization, the perceived internal employability developed in the employees and impact on employee wellbeing.

Research data were gathered from a sample of 421 software engineers in private IT companies in India. Structural equation modeling using SPSS and AMOS was conducted to examine the impact of employability culture and perceived internal employability on the three dimensions of employee wellbeing.

The study found a positive relationship between employability culture and the components of employee wellbeing. A partial mediation by perceived internal employability was reported between employability culture and the three components of employee wellbeing.

The study is a focused attempt on discerning the effect of organizational elements in the form of employability culture on the employee perceptions and the state of wellbeing, which are considered valuable resources in the career context. The study reiterates the prominence of contextual factors in employees' resource enhancement.

The study is a unique approach to determine the effect of perceived internal employability and employability culture on employee wellbeing based on the social cognitive career theory and the conservation of resources theory.

Pyrus Pyrifolia (Sand Pear) is one of the most underused pear variety despite its nutraceutical potential. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the Pyrus Pyrifolia in term of origin, distribution and classification, nutritional and bioactive potential, therapeutic potential and valorization along with future prospectus.

A wide variety of publications (88) were identified through electronic databases (Science direct, PubMed, SciELO, Google scholar, Link springer and Research gate) under the umbrella of different keywords such as bioactive compounds, health benefits, nutrition, sand pear, Pyrus and Pyrus pyrifolia.

Pyrus Pyrifolia (Sand Pear) is abundant in nutritional and bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, vitamins and minerals. It exhibits therapeutic potential as being an antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agent. However, P. pyrifolia is not much explored by food researchers and industrialists, hence remaining underused. A few attempts have been made toward the use of P. pyrifolia for jam, jelly, candy and wine preparation. However, more research is required for the commercial processing of P. pyrifolia and to enhance its availability outside its growing area.

In this paper, nutritional and bioactive compounds of P. pyrifolia are discussed that provide knowledge to the researchers for its use as a functional ingredient.

The purpose of this paper is to summarize the scientific information of various qualities of bael fruit juice used in traditional system of medicine for variety of purposes. Utilization of bael fruit juice in day-to-day life has great nutritional, therapeutic, and commercial importance. Bael fruit contains nutrients like vitamins (riboflavin), minerals, trace elements, energy and phytochemicals, including flavonoids, polyphenols and antioxidants, that have been shown to have varied health benefits. In past few decades, bael has been extensively studied for its medicinal properties by advanced scientific techniques, and a variety of bioactive compounds like marmelosin, tannins, alkaloids, coumarins, steroids, rutacine, y-sitosterol, psoralin, xanthotoxin, scopolotein, aegelemine, aegeline, marmeline, fragrine, dictamine, cinnamide and different derivatives of cinnamide have been isolated from its fruit juice.

The medicinal value of bael fruit is very high when the harvests just begin to ripen. As a result, it has a high demand as alternative medicine for curing the diseases like diabetes, high cholesterol, peptic ulcer, inflammation, diarrhea and dysentery, constipation, respiratory infection. Furthermore, the bael fruit juice has anticancer, cardio protective, antibacterial, antifungal, radio protective, antipyretic, analgesic, antioxidant, antiviral, anthelmintic and anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, wound healing properties. The ripe fruit juice is aromatic, has cooling and laxative effects, and arrests secretion or bleeding.

The unripe or half-ripe fruit juice is good for digestion, useful in preventing or curing scurvy, and it strengthens the stomach action. It helps in the healing of ulcerated intestinal surfaces and has appreciable activity against intestinal pathogenic organisms. The present review summarizes the scientific information of various qualities of bael fruit juice used in traditional system of medicine for a variety of purposes.

It is quite evident from this review that bael is an important medicinal herb and extensively used in Ayurveda, Siddha and other medicinal systems. Bael fruit juice is an excellent source of water and natural sugar and is important principally for containing vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, antioxidants, pigments, energy, organic acids, dietary fiber and other food components, which are the key factors in the medicinal value of this plant. Moreover, mechanisms of action of a few bioactive compounds have been identified so far.

Elderly people are at higher risk of food insecurity because of limited or uncertain inaccessibility to adequate food supply. This is not only as a result of economic limitation but also as the outcome of the inability to intake food because of cognitive or functional impairment and health problems. Because of the lack of data about food insecurity and depression among the elderly population in Iran, this study was conducted to examine the relationship between socioeconomic factors and depression with food insecurity among the elderly population.

This cross-sectional study was performed in 2016 on 720 elderly people of Qarchak city that were selected by the proportional stratified sampling method. Food insecurity was evaluated using the FaCPS-FSSM food security questionnaire; Geriatric Depression Scale questionnaire to measure the score of depression and the socioeconomic questionnaire filled out during interviews. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS version 22 software.

Food insecurity was found in 396 (56.1%) of the elderly population. Food insecure elderly population had lower education (P < 0.001). While the percentage of educated individuals who were in food security was 53.2%, the percentage for not educated participants was 28.7%. Household economic status (P < 0.001). Data showed 64.6% of individuals with the normal economic condition were in food security, and the percent for the poor economic condition was 37.2%. Food insecurity was highly associated with depression in the elderly population (odds ratio: 4.76, 8.92 and 3.32 for mild, moderate and severe hunger, respectively, P < 0.001).

Food insecurity is related to low economic status and education. The results of this study indicated that food help from governmental organizations, charities and having health insurance may be associated with reduced risk of food insecurity in the elderly population and consequently lower depression prevalence among them.