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THE last few years have seen an unprecedented boom in the takeover business in the United Kingdom. In the middle of such a boom, as we are at the present, it is difficult to know whether this is a temporary movement or one that is likely to continue and to grow. The statistics of ever rising numbers of mergers and of their increasing size are well known. It is perhaps possible to doubt whether the huge individual mergers of the immediate past can continue indefinitely, but at the same time it seems likely that the number of mergers will increase as the field in which they take place widens.

The Board of Trade have appointed Sir Richard G. K. Way, K.C.B., C.B.E., to the Board of the British Overseas Airways Corporation as a part‐time member for a period of three years from November 1, 1967. Sir Richard Way, who retired from his position as Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Aviation in March 1966, is now the Chairman of Lansing Bagnall Ltd. and a member of the Board of Lansing Bagnall Group Ltd.

Explores critically the economic thought of Norbert Wiener with special reference to automatization, of which he was the father and philosopher. Considers the concept and theory in economic science and Wiener’s economics as an axiological science. Examines long‐time and short‐time (contest‐free) economic analysis as discussed by Wiener. Further considerations include the analysis of contest and Wiener’s militarology. Automatization is given special reference and Wiener’s analysis is presented and the humane resolution of the problem discussed. Wienierian ideas are further examined and related to the human condition in a final section: The mandate of heaven.

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the changing food culture of Ireland focusing particularly on the evolution of commercial public dining in Dublin 1700‐1900, from taverns, coffeehouses and clubs to the proliferation of hotels and restaurants particularly during the latter half of the nineteenth century.

Using a historical research approach, the paper draws principally on documentary and archival sources, but also uses material culture. Data are analysed using a combination of hermeneutics (Denzin and Lincoln, O'Gorman) and textual analysis (Howell and Prevenier).

The paper traces the various locations of public dining in Dublin 1700‐1900 and reveals that Dublin gentlemen's clubs preceded their London counterparts in owning their own premises, but that the popularity of clubs in both cities resulted in a slower growth of restaurants than in Paris. Competition for clubs appeared in the form of good hotels. The Refreshment Houses and Wine Licences (Ireland) Act 1860 created a more congenial environment for the opening of restaurants, with separate ladies coffee or dining rooms appearing from around 1870 onwards.

There is a dearth of research on the history of Irish food and commercial food provision in particular. This paper provides the most comprehensive discussion to date on the development of commercial dining in Dublin 1700‐1900 and suggests that the 1860 legislation might be further explored as a catalyst for the growth of restaurants in London and other British cities.

Presents the scientific methodology from the enlarged cybernetical perspective that recognizes the anisotropy of time, the probabilistic character of natural laws, and the entry that the incomplete determinism in Nature opens to the occurrence of innovation, growth, organization, teleology communication, control, contest and freedom. The new tier to the methodological edifice that cybernetics provides stands on the earlier tiers, which go back to the Ionians (c. 500 BC). However, the new insights reveal flaws in the earlier tiers, and their removal strengthens the entire edifice. The new concepts of teleological activity and contest allow the clear demarcation of the military sciences as those whose subject matter is teleological activity involving contest. The paramount question “what ought to be done”, outside the empirical realm, is embraced by the scientific methodology. It also embraces the cognitive sciences that ask how the human mind is able to discover, and how the sequence of discoveries might converge to a true description of reality.

The known advantage of exercise for older adults who had knee pain is limited by low adherence to an exercise program. This study aims to determine the effect of the LINE application on action and coping plans on exercise adherence, self-efficacy for exercise, specific self-efficacy (task, maintenance and recovery), functional performance (knee range of motion, time up and go, 30-s chair stand and knee outcome for activities of daily living) and knee pain scale among older adults with knee pain in suburban Bangkok, Thailand.

A total of 86 participants aged between 50 and 65 years old were divided into two groups for a period of 14 weeks: intervention (received action and coping plans via the LINE application) and control group (received usual care). All outcomes were measured at baseline and posttest except exercise adherence, which was collected postintervention.

A significant difference between intervention and control groups across all outcomes. Within group comparisons before and after, the intervention indicates that participants of the intervention group significantly improved posttest. In conclusion, using mobile health technology in combination with action and coping plans was found to enhance older adults’ exercise adherence and motivation, thus, decreasing knee pain while increasing functionality.

This study provides new insight into the combination of action and coping plans implementing with instant messaging through the LINE application which had a positive impact on enhance exercise adherence and knee functional performance of Thai elderly with knee pain.

The ecological movement has fallen short in ignoring the earth’s noospheric layer (dealt with in the second section) and the fact that the life‐destroying interactions stemming from this layer are abnormal (section 3), and that man is a fallen mammal, Homo peccator (discussed in section 4). The symbiosis of Homo sapiens, faber, peccator (see section 5) and the persistent misappropriation of economic surplus value (dealt with in section 6) creates dilemmas for the ecologist (discussed in section 7). The major noospheric pollutants are the marketing sector of capitalism (in section 8), miseducation (section 9) and the promotion of idolatry by the judicial system (see section 10). Ecological action, not evasion, on the economic, educational, communications, aesthetic and political fronts is necessary (dealt with in sections 11 and 12).

Without aspiring to emulate Robert Browning's song thrush, we venture to repeat an admonition on smoking in the food trade of almost a decade ago. (The Smoking Habit, 1962, BFJ, 64, 79). The first time it coincided with a little research we had undertaken, which later saw the light of day epitomized in article form and was enthusiastically (sic) commented upon in sections of the press and then died as if it had never been born. (Tobacco and Lung Cancer, 1965, Med. Offr., 2955, 148). Now, it coincides with the most concentrated, officially inspired, campaign, so far, mounted against the evils of smoking. The most striking fact about all these national efforts every few years is the lack of success in real terms. A marketing organization achieving such poor results would count it a costly failure. It would be unfair to say that none have given up, but with a habit so ingrained, determination is required and in many, if not most, of those able to refrain, the craving is so great that they are smoking again within a week or so. Overall, the smoking population is enormous, including, as it does, girls and women‐folk. Once, it was undignified for a woman to be seen smoking. We recall a visit by Queen Mary to the village Manor House, just after the First War; she was an expert in antique furniture and came to see the manor's collection. When Her Majesty asked for a cigarette, the village rang with astonishment for days. Nothing as amazing had happened since Cavaliers and Roundheads tethered their horses beneath the three great poplars which stood on the green. “Queen Mary! 'er smokes!”

Of the 1,321 samples of cheese examined, 27 were found to be adulterated. These included samples of ordinary whole milk cheese, described as “cream cheese,” and samples of cheese made from skimmed milk and sold as “Cheshire.”