A history of the intellectual origins of the debate over the astructural bias is presented. The chapter summarizes both the emergent bias thesis and the charge of an astructural…
Abstract
A history of the intellectual origins of the debate over the astructural bias is presented. The chapter summarizes both the emergent bias thesis and the charge of an astructural bias. The major works within this debate are reviewed. It has been found that the astructural bias still exists within the work of contemporary interactionists. The conclusion is that if interactionists want their work to be taken seriously, then they must seriously confront the distinguishing concept in sociology: social structure.
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Paweł Ziółkowski and Janusz Badur
The purpose of this paper is the theoretical presentation of tensorial formulation with surface mobility forces and numerical verification of Reynolds thermal transpiration law in…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is the theoretical presentation of tensorial formulation with surface mobility forces and numerical verification of Reynolds thermal transpiration law in a contemporary experiment with nanoflow.
Design/methodology/approach
The velocity profiles in a single microchannel are calculated by solving the momentum equations and using thermal transpiration force as the boundary conditions. The mass flow rate and pressure of unstationary thermal transpiration modeling of the benchmark experiment has been achieved by the implementation of the thermal transpiration mobility force closure for the thermal momentum accommodation coefficient.
Findings
An original and easy-to-implement method has been developed to numerically prove that at the final equilibrium, i.e. zero-flow state, there is a connection between the Poiseuille flow in the center of channel and counter thermal transpiration flow on the surface. The numerical implementation of the Reynolds model of thermal transpiration has been performed, and its usefulness for the description of the benchmark experiment has been verified.
Research limitations/implications
The simplified procedure requires the measurement or assumption of the helium-glass slip length.
Practical implications
The procedure can be very useful in the design of micro-electro-mechanical systems and nano-electro-mechanical systems, especially for accommodation pumping.
Originality/value
The paper discussed possible constitutive equations in the transpiration shell-like layer. The new approach can be helpful for modeling phenomena occurring at a fluid–solid phase interface at the micro- and nanoscales.
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James Langenfeld and Brad Noffsker
In a number of recent multi-billion dollar cases brought against cigarette manufacturers, plaintiffs have in part alleged that the cigarette manufacturers (1) conspired not to…
Abstract
In a number of recent multi-billion dollar cases brought against cigarette manufacturers, plaintiffs have in part alleged that the cigarette manufacturers (1) conspired not to compete on the basis of health claims or the introduction of potentially safer cigarettes since the 1950s, and (2) engaged in fraudulent advertising by making implied health claims in advertisements selling ‘low tar’/‘light’ cigarettes. In this type of litigation, defendants’ actions could be due to alleged illegal behaviour as asserted by plaintiffs, or be the result of market forces that may have nothing to do with allegedly inappropriate acts. We examine the economic evidence relating to these allegations, taking into account some of the major influences on cigarette company behaviour. In particular, our analyses show that much of the cigarette manufactures’ behaviour can be explained by Federal Trade Commission and related government actions, rather than conspiracy or fraudulent acts. We find the economic evidence is inconsistent with an effective conspiracy to suppress information on either smoking and health or the development and marketing of potentially safer cigarettes. Regarding ‘lower tar’ and ‘light’ cigarettes, the economic evidence indicates that the cigarette manufacturers responded to government and public health initiatives, and that disclosing more information on smoking compensation earlier than the cigarette companies did would not have had any significant impact on smoking behaviour.
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Amina Nemchi, Ahmed Bouzidane, Aboubakeur Benariba and Hicham Aboshighiba
The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of different flow regimes on the dynamic characteristics of four-pad hydrostatic squeeze film dampers (SFDs) loaded between…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of different flow regimes on the dynamic characteristics of four-pad hydrostatic squeeze film dampers (SFDs) loaded between pads.
Design/methodology/approach
A numerical model based on Constantinescu’s turbulent lubrication theory using the finite difference method has been developed and presented to study the effect of eccentricity ratio on the performance characteristics of four-pad hydrostatic SFDs under different flow regimes.
Findings
It was found that the influence of turbulent flow on the dimensionless damping of four-pad hydrostatic SFDs appears to be essentially controlled by the eccentricity ratio. It was also found that the laminar flow presents higher values of load capacity compared to bearings operating under turbulent flow conditions.
Originality/value
In fact, the results obtained show that the journal bearing performances are significantly influenced by the turbulent flow regime. The study is expected to be useful to bearing designers.
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This paper considers whether the term patrimonialism can be applied to one racially bifurcated aspect of Australian history: the relations between ‘squatters’ and those with…
Abstract
This paper considers whether the term patrimonialism can be applied to one racially bifurcated aspect of Australian history: the relations between ‘squatters’ and those with competing civil and property claims. From the perspective of white settlers, the power of pastoralists who acquired use rights over vast stretches of land in late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries represented a challenge to rural settlement, economic development, the right to vote, workers’ rights and parliamentary democracy.
From the perspective of Aboriginal peoples who held traditional ownership of pastoral lands, squattocracy began with armed conflict and ended with practices aimed at detailed government of their everyday life. More generally, as white settlers consolidated property rights to land, they expropriated Indigenous peoples’ capacity to govern themselves.
The paper concludes that there have been two distinct histories of patrimonialism in Australia. The Australian colonies were among the pioneers of ‘universal’ male and later female franchise in the nineteenth century; Aborigines gained (de jure) full citizenship only in the late 1960s. While the squatter’s patrimonial rule over white settlers was short-lived, that over some groups of Aboriginal people persisted for more than a century.
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Clare Gately and James Cunningham
Business plan writing seems the panacea to gain stakeholder legitimacy and financial backing. Our chapter explores the contributions and disconnections between business plan…
Abstract
Business plan writing seems the panacea to gain stakeholder legitimacy and financial backing. Our chapter explores the contributions and disconnections between business plan writing and the start-up process for incubated technology entrepreneurs. The study is set in the South East Enterprise Platform Programme (SEEPP), an incubator programme for technology graduate entrepreneurs in the South East of Ireland. Using a purposive sample of technology entrepreneurs in start-up mode, we took a qualitative approach consisting of content analysis of 40 business plans and in-depth interviews with 25 technology entrepreneurs. Our research found that writing a detailed business plan constrains the technology entrepreneur’s natural penchant for action, compelling them to focus on business plan writing rather than enactment. Technology entrepreneurs favour a market-led rather than funding-led operational level document to plan, and learn from, near-term activities using milestones.
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Synchronous virtual classes are becoming more common as universities expand access. However, instructors can feel hesitant as they move to a new style of teaching, especially if…
Abstract
Purpose
Synchronous virtual classes are becoming more common as universities expand access. However, instructors can feel hesitant as they move to a new style of teaching, especially if they are not sure their chosen pedagogy will work with virtual instruction. The purpose of this dialogic analysis is to examine the experiences of a dialogic teacher in a synchronous virtual English methods course.
Design/methodology/approach
The 75-min methods class met on Zoom twice a week. Class sessions were recorded. Dialogic analysis was used to analyze moments of whole-class discussion to explain what kinds of discussions happened and determine to what extent the class functioned as a dialogic class.
Findings
Overall, there was more student voice than teacher voice, and students spent over a third of the class in small group discussions. Even though the teacher still took over, and controlled discussions, the overall class maintained dialogic teaching principles. Despite this, the professor felt displaced for three reasons. In addition, some ideas for increasing the dialogic nature of the class are mentioned.
Originality/value
Synchronous virtual teaching will continue to grow, but as instructors move to that format, they can examine whether their pedagogies match the format. This paper explored one professor’s pedagogy of dialogic teaching and its compatibility with synchronous virtual teaching. This method of self-analysis could work with any pedagogy and could help instructors be successful in a new format.
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Glam metal of the 1980s represented a notable development in popular music at this time. A subgenre of 1980s heavy metal, glam metal combined elements of late 1960s and 1970s…
Abstract
Glam metal of the 1980s represented a notable development in popular music at this time. A subgenre of 1980s heavy metal, glam metal combined elements of late 1960s and 1970s heavy rock, glam rock and punk rock, enriching both the visual and aural aesthetic diversity of 1980s heavy metal as a result. Moreover, 1980s glam metal bands such as Guns N’ Roses and Poison, Cinderella and Mötley Crüe, Ratt and Warrant, dominated the music video airwaves and sold out venues across the United States. Yet, for all its comparative individuality and widespread popularity, the vast majority of mainstream glam metal bands were marginalised by social action groups mainly, but not exclusively, because of misogynist-type themes that the bands represented in their aesthetics.
During the 1990s, scholars began scrutinising 1980s glam metal’s misogynist aesthetics, for example, Lisa Sloat’s (1998) analysis of glam metal’s sexist and misogynist themed song lyrics concludes that, ‘if exploiting women for sex sells, [glam metal] musicians will [continue] record[ing] songs which do so’ (Sloat, 1998, p. 299). Yet none of these accounts seem to be able to sufficiently unpack the idea that 1980s glam metal’s representation of misogyny was anything other than fundamentally egregious. An alternative reading of the aesthetics shows us how many of the bands creatively appropriated misogyny to idiomatically hallmark metal glam, thus differentiating the style from the broadly homogenous displays of machismo that generally defined the aesthetics of other 1980s heavy metal subgenres. In response then, this chapter should be thought of as a doctrine provactive, intended to elicit a debate about the need to look alternatively at how misogyny is/was used as an artistic aesthetic device, not only in 1980s glam metal, but throughout culture more widely.
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Zequn Zhao, Peng Li, Xin Li, Yang Chen and Hao Zhang
The purpose of this study is to address the gaps in existing research on the nonlinear characteristics of floating ring bearings, particularly by focusing on second-order…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to address the gaps in existing research on the nonlinear characteristics of floating ring bearings, particularly by focusing on second-order nonlinear stiffness and damping coefficients. Traditional analytical models have limitations in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency. This research aims to develop a more efficient and accurate method for analyzing these nonlinear characteristics, which are crucial for optimizing the design and performance of turbocharger floating ring bearings. The study also seeks to explore how variations in clearance ratio and load influence these coefficients.
Design/methodology/approach
This study develops a novel approach for analyzing the nonlinear characteristics of floating ring bearings by utilizing second-order nonlinear stiffness and damping coefficients. The proposed method replaces traditional analytical solution models with a nonlinear stiffness and damping coefficient model, enhancing both computational efficiency and accuracy. The model is validated through extensive simulations that account for varying clearance ratios and load conditions. The results are compared with those obtained from conventional methods, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach in accurately capturing the nonlinear behavior of turbocharger floating ring bearings.
Findings
The study finds that the proposed nonlinear stiffness and damping coefficient model significantly enhances computational efficiency while accurately representing the nonlinear characteristics of floating ring bearings. The model not only reduces computation time but also provides a more precise analysis compared to traditional methods. Moreover, the research reveals that the clearance ratio and load conditions of the floating ring bearings have a substantial impact on the nonlinear stiffness and damping coefficients. These findings suggest that the proposed model and method could be highly beneficial for advancing the design and research of floating ring bearings in turbochargers.
Originality/value
With this statement, the authors hereby certify that the manuscript “Investigation on the nonlinear behaviors of floating ring bearings based on nonlinear stiffness and damping coefficient models” submitted to the journal Industrial Lubrication and Tribology is the results of their own effort and ability. They hereby confirm that this manuscript is their original work and has not been published nor has it been submitted simultaneously elsewhere. They further confirm that they have checked the manuscript and have agreed to the submission.
Peer review
The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-09-2024-0324/
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Roediger Voss and Thorsten Gruber
The purpose of this research is to aim to develop a deeper understanding of the teaching qualities of effective lecturers that students desire and to uncover the constructs that…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this research is to aim to develop a deeper understanding of the teaching qualities of effective lecturers that students desire and to uncover the constructs that underlie these desire expectations and reveal the underlying benefits for which students look.
Design/methodology/approach
A semi‐standardized qualitative technique called laddering was applied that allows researchers to reach deeper levels of reality and to reveal the reasons behind the reasons. The study was conducted amongst teacher education students at a large German University of Education and laddering questionnaires were handed out to 53 students enrolled in a business management course.
Findings
The exploratory study gave a valuable first insight into the desired qualities of lecturers. In particular, the study results indicate that students want lecturers to be knowledgeable, enthusiastic, approachable, and friendly. Students predominantly want to encounter valuable teaching experiences to be able to pass tests and to be prepared for their profession. This study also showed that students are mainly concerned about vocational aspects of their studies and are less interested in their subject.
Research limitations/implications
Owing to the exploratory nature of the study and the scope and size of its sample, the results outlined are tentative in nature. As the study involved only a single group of university students from one university, the results cannot be generalized to the student population as a whole.
Originality/value
The study was the first to successfully apply the means‐end approach and the laddering technique to the issue of service quality in higher education. The study has, hopefully, opened up an area of research and methodology that could provide considerable further benefits for researchers interested in this topic.