J. Gisbert, M. Bonet, P. Díaz, I. Montava and P. Monllor
Electron beam is a way of radiation that can induce different reactions on polymers. The purpose of this work is to analyze the effect that the electron beam can produce on…
Abstract
Purpose
Electron beam is a way of radiation that can induce different reactions on polymers. The purpose of this work is to analyze the effect that the electron beam can produce on polyester fabrics.
Design/methodology/approach
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibres were treated at 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 KGy. Later on surface modification was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Colorimetric and thermal measurements were studied too, as well as traction resistance.
Findings
Traction resistance showed no significant variations. As a result the authors could observe some changes in fabric witnesses and cristallinity increase, but no changes in traction resistance were observed. Moreover, when surface was studied, roughness was increased as oligomers moved towards fibre surface because of radiation dose.
Originality/value
The authors could appreciate roughness increased with radiation dose as well as yellowness and crystallinity.
Details
Keywords
This chapter conceives social entrepreneurship as acts of solidarity to unpack new patterns of social interaction and novel outcomes that ensue from lowering of societal barriers…
Abstract
This chapter conceives social entrepreneurship as acts of solidarity to unpack new patterns of social interaction and novel outcomes that ensue from lowering of societal barriers and inclusive participation immediately following a disaster. As members of the affected community unite against a common threat, we see different types of social enterprises born out of cooperation across social or religious divisions, attenuation of preexisting power differentials, and relaxation of traditional class barriers. Social enterprises as acts of solidarity function to meet critical and noncritical needs, increase persistence of authentic cohesion, promote community resilience, and help cope with disaster-induced stress.
Details
Keywords
Furkan Amil Gur, Joshua S. Bendickson, Laura Madden and William C. McDowell
Disasters drastically affect regional industries; consequently, the study of regional resilience is of much interest to organizational researchers. To that end, this study…
Abstract
Purpose
Disasters drastically affect regional industries; consequently, the study of regional resilience is of much interest to organizational researchers. To that end, this study examines the role of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition, stakeholder engagement, and elements of psychological recovery in the US Gulf Coast following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill of 2010.
Design/methodology/approach
Through a qualitative content analysis of 183 industry-relevant articles published during and after the disaster, this study unpacks the most significant themes at work in the recovery process, including the psychological elements of the oil spill and its aftermath, the role of various internal and external stakeholders, and emerging opportunities for entrepreneurial activity in the region for regional resilience and recovery.
Findings
The nine themes that emerged from the data were captured in three categories mapped over time. Category one, psychogical states during and after the oil spill, include denial, coping, and recovery. Category two, regional recovery efforts and the role of stakeholders, includes the themes distractions, bargains, and material support. Category three, emerging opportunities, includes financial support, new markets, and reparations.
Originality/value
By mapping these themes over distinct time periods, this study identifies and explores patterns in the recovery period and use them to draw theoretical and practical implications.
Details
Keywords
The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of opportunity and its role in social entrepreneurship processes.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of opportunity and its role in social entrepreneurship processes.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper presents a single‐case study of a sustainable community in Denmark. The data include interviews, documents and television programmes.
Findings
The case study finds that the opportunity takes a number of different forms in the process. These different forms are the result of a continuous mobilisation of actors. On the basis of these findings a model of social entrepreneurship processes is proposed, where the process is driven by mobilisation and transformation.
Research limitations/implications
The findings of the case provide support for a creation view of opportunities and the view that opportunity discovery does not necessarily precede resource mobilisation. The proposed model contributes to the development of the creation view of opportunities as an alternative to the discovery view and to understanding of the role of opportunities in the social entrepreneurship process.
Practical implications
The findings suggest that the social entrepreneur is one who actively creates external circumstances rather than responds to opportunities already present therein. This implies a focus on different skills and ways of thinking.
Originality/value
The paper presents a model of social entrepreneurship processes grounded in a deep understanding of an empirical setting. The findings and model question the value of the discovery view of opportunities in the field of social entrepreneurship, while contributing to the development of the creation view of opportunities.
Details
Keywords
Roberto Leonardo Rana, Christian Bux and Mariarosaria Lombardi
The research provides a systematic literature review on the environmental sustainability of the globe artichoke [Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus (L.) Fiori], in the cultivated…
Abstract
Purpose
The research provides a systematic literature review on the environmental sustainability of the globe artichoke [Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus (L.) Fiori], in the cultivated cardoon [Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis DC.] and in the wild cardoon [Cynara cardunculus L. var. sylvestris (Lamk)] supply chains, to fill in the literature data gaps and to identify new research directions.
Design/methodology/approach
In the light of the PRISMA standard guidelines, the research provides a systematic literature review according to six research strings on Scopus and Web of Science. 45 scientific articles have been selected out of 407 contributions. Data have been synthesized according to a co-word analysis through the VOSviewer software, to provide insights into the structure of the research network, to offer a multidimensional scaling and clustering into research groups and to discuss the results.
Findings
The research identifies five main research trends: (1) biomass-to-bioenergy or biomass-to-biocomposite materials; (2) waste-to-bioenergy or waste-to-bioproducts; (3) crop management to increase yield productivity; (4) environmental impacts assessment; (5) irrigation water management. Besides, the research highlights momentous challenges and adopted strategies to tackle climate change and to reduce natural resources consumption, as well as the nexus between circular economy and environmental impact assessment.
Originality/value
The novelty of this study relies on the fact that it analyses the environmental sustainability of the Cynara cardunculus L. spp. Supply chain in a systematic way, giving the opportunity to identify future research directions regarding the environmental impacts associated with agricultural production and industrial transformation.
Details
Keywords
Salvinija Petrulyte, Deimante Vankeviciute and Donatas Petrulis
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the physical properties of smart aromatherapic ramie/cotton terry fabrics containing microcapsules (MC) with essential Eucalyptus oil…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the physical properties of smart aromatherapic ramie/cotton terry fabrics containing microcapsules (MC) with essential Eucalyptus oil.
Design/methodology/approach
Terry fabrics are manufactured by changing the weft density. The air permeability is determined for grey and microencapsulated textile. The factorial designs are made. For informative experiment the linear type of regression is analysed. Development of physical properties of microencapsulated terry fabrics is discussed.
Findings
The air permeability of aromatherapic terry fabrics is determined. All statistical analysis is performed. Appropriate conclusions about the influence of fabric’s structure and microencapsulating process on terry fabric quality are made.
Originality/value
To date there are no investigations concerning terry textiles with fragrance MC. This study developed analysis and empiric mathematical equations suitable for evaluating and designing terry fabrics with the air permeability required. Assessment of the influence of fabric’s weft density and binder concentration for the air permeability of terry textile is proposed.
Details
Keywords
Heba Raslan, Khaled El-Nemr, Magdy Ali and Medhat Hassan
This study aims to investigate the influences of polyester fabric layers on the mechanical properties of SBR and devulcanized waste rubber composite materials, as well as the…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the influences of polyester fabric layers on the mechanical properties of SBR and devulcanized waste rubber composite materials, as well as the effect of gamma irradiation dose.
Design/methodology/approach
The devulcanized waste rubbers (DWR) were carried out by different methods. First, chemically, by two different reclaiming agents such as tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD) and 2-mercapto benzothiazole disulfide (MBTS). Secondary by a physical method like microwave (MW). The devulcanized rubbers were mixed with virgin styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) in different ratios, as follows: SBR-DWR (TMTD) 50 / 50, SBR-DWR (MBTS) 80 / 20 and SBR-DWR (MW) 80 / 20. A series of sandwich polyester tire cord fabrics were used as reinforcement for making SBR and devulcanized waste rubber composite materials and molded on a hot press into rubber sheet films, then subjected to gamma radiation at different doses ranging from 100 up to 200 kGy.
Findings
The experimental results indicate that increasing the layer number improves the mechanical properties of composites. The tensile strength, tearing, hardness and elastic modulus of the rubber composites increased with the rise of the fiber layers and by increasing the irradiation dose up to 200 kGy. The reclaiming agent TMTD gave the best results for mechanical properties, followed by MW and then MBTS.
Originality/value
This phenomenon can be detailed based on the fact that when the fiber-reinforced composites are subjected to loading, the fibers act as load carriers, depending on the population and orientation of the fibers. Also, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals that adhesion was caused by tire cord fabrics and rubber blend matrix.
Details
Keywords
İsmail İvedi, Bahadır Güneşoğlu, Sinem Yaprak Karavana, Gökhan Erkan, Gülşah Ekin Kartal and Ayse Merih Sariisik
The aim was to prepare antibacterial microcapsules and transferred to denim and non-denim (canvas) trousers.
Abstract
Purpose
The aim was to prepare antibacterial microcapsules and transferred to denim and non-denim (canvas) trousers.
Design/methodology/approach
For this purpose, lavender and sweet almond oil as active agents were encapsulated with ethylcellulose shell with a spray dryer method and carried out capsule optimization studies.
Findings
The particle diameter of the capsules ranged between 0.61 and 8.76 µm, SPAN value was 1.608 and the mean particle size was 4 µm. The mass yields of capsules ranged between 35.0 and 75.4 %w/w. Denim fabrics were treated with prepared capsules by exhaustion and spraying methods. It was seen that microcapsules provided a reduction of bacteria by over 97% against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and the fabrics still showed an antibacterial effect after five washing cycles.
Originality/value
When application methods were compared, the spraying method was found to be more sustainable process than exhaustion and could be used as an alternative for reducing energy consumption and capsules could provide antibacterial properties to the fabrics.
Details
Keywords
Javier Monllor and Patrick J. Murphy
The purpose of this paper is to contribute a deeper understanding of how natural disasters influence entrepreneurial intentionality as an important antecedent of entrepreneurial…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to contribute a deeper understanding of how natural disasters influence entrepreneurial intentionality as an important antecedent of entrepreneurial intention. It reviews the conceptual and operational backgrounds of natural disaster research and entrepreneurship theories and formulates a distinctive conceptual approach to entrepreneurial intentions in natural disaster settings.
Design/methodology/approach
An exhaustive review of research articles published in peer-reviewed entrepreneurship journals is provided and focuses on entrepreneurship, natural disasters, and entrepreneurial opportunities.
Findings
Six propositions about the influence of natural disasters on entrepreneurial intentions in ways that are distinct to the specific circumstances of post-disaster environments.
Research limitations/implications
The paper’s findings serve as a useful foundation for future research of post-disaster entrepreneurial behavior. The propositions highlight the relationship between opportunities, self-efficacy, feasibility, desirability, fear of failure, and resilience that complement macro-level research with micro-level antecedents. Implications entail new methodological avenues for future studies of humanitarian and post-disaster entrepreneurial activities.
Practical implications
This paper suggests ways in which public policy and educational, state and community programs can be designed and executed so that entrepreneurial intentions are developed and entrepreneurial action is not hindered. Moreover, it clarifies several ways to achieve more effective action (or inaction) to serve those affected by natural disasters and minimize disaffection.
Originality/value
The study illustrates that natural disasters can and do create opportunities for entrepreneurial behavior even as they generate powerful and sweeping negative effects on socioeconomic systems. Its unique approach explores individual-level variables concerning intent and motivation that drive entrepreneurial decisions in disaster contexts.
Details
Keywords
Somaye Akbari, Mehdi Akbari, Mohammad Haghighat Kish and Firoz Mehr Mazaheri
The production of long-lasting fragrant semi-worsted fabrics using dendritic compounds as one of the nano size materials is concerned. Also quantitative assessments of the odour…
Abstract
Purpose
The production of long-lasting fragrant semi-worsted fabrics using dendritic compounds as one of the nano size materials is concerned. Also quantitative assessments of the odour intensity of the fragrant fabrics using an electronic-nose (E-nose) are made. The paper aims to discuss these issues.
Design/methodology/approach
The semi-worsted fabrics were perfumed using the second generation of polypropylene-imine (PPI) dendrimer as a host molecules. The ginseng and rosewater fragrances as guest molecules were applied into the PPI dendrimer to produce long-lasting fragrant fabrics. The odour intensity as well as long-lasting properties of the fragrant fabrics perfumed recently and the other sample perfumed one year ago were evaluated via E-nose fabricated in our laboratory. Physical properties of the fragrant fabrics were compared to the non-fragrant ones.
Findings
The interaction between ginseng and rosewater fragrances with the second generation of PPI dendrimer into the semi-worsted fabrics made a long-lasting fragrant fabrics without considerable impacts on bending length, air permeability and wrinkle recovery angles based on statistical analysis. However, the effects of making fragrant fabrics on the increasing weight are significant. In addition, the E-nose was successfully used to monitor the release of ginseng and rosewater fragrance from the fabrics by the response patterns of a temperature-modulated chemo-resistive gas sensor. E-nose analysis showed that the aroma intensity released from the old fragrant semi-worsted fabrics has no obvious diversity from that of new fragrant fabrics.
Originality/value
The findings suggest that the semi-worsted fabrics perfumed with dendritic materials revealed excellent sustained release property.