THE VERY TITLE of this talk is something which is always quite exciting to an Engineer—that is the thought of completely dry lubrication and the possibility of dispensing with…
Abstract
THE VERY TITLE of this talk is something which is always quite exciting to an Engineer—that is the thought of completely dry lubrication and the possibility of dispensing with such unpleasant necessitites as grease cups, nipples, oil sumps etc. Unfortunately, films of dry lubricants do have co‐efficients of friction and are therefore subject to wear, so the ideal of “life time lubrication” is still in the far and distant future. However new materials are constantly being discovered and/or developed which offer some technical advantage over the previous best, and as each of these materials comes to light it does mean that there are a few more engineering units that at one time were dependent on grease or fluid film lubrication that may now be dry lubricated. It is really the technical‐cum‐commercial development of dry lubricants that this paper discusses. For many years the use of Lamellar solids was limited to such materials as talcum, mica and graphite, the last being by far the most popular and possibly still the most widely used today. In more recent years, molybdenum disulphide has come very much to the fore, and because of certain technical advantages (which will be discussed later) will probably replace graphite if and when it becomes more economical to produce and if it in turn does not first become replaced by other lubricating solids such as boron nitride, tungsten disulphide and cadmium oxide. Of these “new” names in dry lubrication, tungsten disulphide looks very promising and has been selected as the third dry lubricant to discuss.
Jenna McWilliams, Ian de Terte, Janet Leathem and Sandra Malcolm
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of the Transformers programme on individual's use of appropriate emotion regulation strategies.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of the Transformers programme on individual's use of appropriate emotion regulation strategies.
Design/methodology/approach
Five people with an intellectual disability participated in the Transformers programme and took part in the current study. The intervention was evaluated using the Profile of Anger Coping Skills (PACS) and incident reports. The PACS was completed by participants and their caregivers.
Findings
The majority of participants demonstrated increases in self- and caregiver-reported use of appropriate emotion regulation strategies following their involvement in the Transformers programme. However, treatment gains were not always maintained at follow-up. Three of the participants also exhibited fewer incidents of challenging behaviour after taking part in the programme.
Originality/value
Overall, the results provide preliminary support for the continued use of the Transformers programme with people with an intellectual disability who have emotion regulation difficulties. It is recommended that further research be carried out with a larger sample size, a control group, and a longer follow-up period.
Details
Keywords
The Advisory Committee on Nutrition appointed to advise the Minister of Health “on the practical application of modern advances in the knowledge of nutrition,” have drawn up and…
Abstract
The Advisory Committee on Nutrition appointed to advise the Minister of Health “on the practical application of modern advances in the knowledge of nutrition,” have drawn up and addressed to the Minister of Health a Memorandum on “The Criticism and Improvement of Diets” and a Report on “Diets in Poor Law Children's Homes” as a result of enquiry.
The purpose of this study is to examine how gender role orientation (i.e. masculinity and femininity) and career/family role salience affect individuals’ organizational…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine how gender role orientation (i.e. masculinity and femininity) and career/family role salience affect individuals’ organizational identification (OID) and intention to leave. Alternative models were developed to specify different relationships among the study variables.
Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected via a questionnaire survey of 362 employees from three large companies in China. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate alternative models and test the hypotheses.
Findings
This paper found that masculinity was positively related to career role salience, whereas femininity was positively related to family role salience. Career role salience, but not family role salience, was positively related to OID, which in turn was negatively related to intention to leave. A positive relationship was also found between femininity and OID, as well as between family role salience and intention to leave.
Research limitations/implications
The cross-sectional nature of the data of this study precludes any definitive inferences about causality and directionality. The use of self-report measures also invites the potential threat of common method variance. The generalizability of results has been restricted, given that the respondents were drawn from three large companies.
Practical implications
Organizations may provide more resources and support for their employees so as to increase their career role salience, which in turn enhances their level of OID. For employees who are high in femininity, employers may offer family-friendly programs to help them address resource drain from family to work, and hence to retain them.
Originality/value
This study provided evidence for the linkage between gender role orientation with career/family role salience. It also revealed the impacts of career/family role salience on OID and intention to leave. Some gender differences in this regard were highlighted.
Details
Keywords
Rowena Ortiz‐Walters, Kimberly‐Ann Eddleston and Kathleen Simione
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of gender identity on protégés' satisfaction with mentoring relationships. More specifically, it aims to investigate whether or…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of gender identity on protégés' satisfaction with mentoring relationships. More specifically, it aims to investigate whether or not a protégé's feminine or masculine identity, by virtue of emphasizing different criteria, roles, and preferences, impacts his or her satisfaction with the performance of a mentor.
Design/methodology/approach
Managers and/or professionals, identified by in‐career MBA students at large universities in the East, completed surveys to assess relationship satisfaction as a mentoring outcome.
Findings
The results of this study indicate that masculine protégés, who strongly identify with their career roles, report being more satisfied with mentors who provide career development support. Conversely, feminine protégés, who measure career success using socio‐emotional‐based criteria, report being more satisfied with mentors who provide psychosocial support.
Research limitations/implications
The study is limited in its generalizability due to the type of sample studied. The sample consisted of managers from a variety of male‐dominated occupations. In addition, since the data were self‐reported on a single survey, common method bias may also be an issue.
Practical implications
Despite limitations, the study implies that assessment of gender identity and related skills can provide organizations with more effective guidance and matching of mentors and protégés to maximize perceived satisfaction on the part of the protégé.
Originality/value
Although many studies have investigated a variety of factors that affect mentoring, few have examined the influence of gender identity on the functioning of these relationships.
Details
Keywords
Ramayah Thurasamy, May‐Chiun Lo, Adida Yang Amri and Noorhayati Noor
This research aims to study the effect of gender, supervisors' support, and tenure of service on objective and perceived career advancement among engineers employed in Malaysian…
Abstract
Purpose
This research aims to study the effect of gender, supervisors' support, and tenure of service on objective and perceived career advancement among engineers employed in Malaysian manufacturing organizations in Northern Peninsular Malaysia. It begins by noting the centrality of inequality in gender and career advancement and also aims at providing a direct picture of tenure of service, which is among the factors least looked at when analyzing career advancement. The study also attempts to analyze the supervisor's support in relation to career advancement. Moderating the elements above are the demographic variables such as age, marital status, education level, and the location of the tertiary education institution.
Design/methodology/approach
By using a judgemental sampling method, a total of 158 engineers from ten multinational manufacturing companies were identified for this study.
Findings
The findings suggest that career advancement is very much related to gender, supervisor's support, and service tenure. It was also noted that women in male‐dominated occupations, which is in this case the engineering field, tend to be subjected to the problems of performance pressures, social isolation, and stereotyping.
Practical implications
This study's framework has allowed for a better understanding of how perceptions are formed and the mechanisms linking these variables to the career advancement. This study perhaps is the first that has systematically attempted to integrate the various constructs as mentioned and employees' career advancement in organizations.
Originality/value
There is a gap in the literature concerning how demographic factors influence career advancement. This study has revealed that there is no clear distinction between career advancement and marital status for either male or female engineers as the statistical result disclosed no significant differences in marital status as a moderating element to the independent variables.
Details
Keywords
Ilija Djekic, Dubravka Skunca, Ivan Nastasijevic, Vladimir Tomovic and Igor Tomasevic
The purpose of this paper is to analyze perceptions of quality in the chicken meat supply chain.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze perceptions of quality in the chicken meat supply chain.
Design/methodology/approach
This survey covered 74 different farms, slaughterhouses, meat processors, and retailers and 500 consumers, using two methods. From the farm to retail, analysis covered “customer – supplier” viewpoints in different stages of the supply chain. From the consumers to the farms, the quality function deployment method was used. Five houses of quality have been developed using the Delphi method to synthesize the opinions of experts.
Findings
Farm-slaughter comparison shows that final weight at farm gate and animal welfare are the most important quality attributes. The quality aspect important for slaughterhouses and meat processors is the cold chain. Retailers and meat processors highlight the portfolio of various chicken meat products as their most important quality attribute. At the points of sale, shelf illumination and product placement are prevailing.
Research limitations/implications
The results suggest that there are different views on quality by all actors in the supply chain, from quality of chicken meat, food safety and quality of service in retail to profitability and animal welfare.
Practical implications
The paper enhances simplicity in analyzing quality aspects of different types of meat supply chains. This methodology enables a synergy of value chain promotion with other quality development approaches. It also creates possibilities for policy makers to improve competitiveness strategies.
Originality/value
Application of a similar approach to other parts of the food chain could offer a better insight into the transformation of quality.
Details
Keywords
Mahmood Chandia and Jan Mei Soon
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of different understandings regarding the concept of “what constitutes halal” and “who determines this concept?” In practice…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of different understandings regarding the concept of “what constitutes halal” and “who determines this concept?” In practice, this equates to contemporary legal understandings vs religious understandings. The paper further aims to provide an overview of competing Muslim understandings regarding the concept of “What does or does not constitute halal slaughter?” In practice, this equates to evaluating the application of no stunning at all upon an animal (unanimous acceptance) vs the application of reversible stunning upon an animal (contested).
Design/methodology/approach
The study includes a review of prior literature and considers the current scenario of the halal poultry trade and raises important questions regarding Islamic dietary practices, halal food integrity, religious and animal welfare understandings. Three key questions were raised: “To what extent does stunning impact halal slaughter?”; “Who determines what is halal slaughter?”; and “What are the variations and tensions between legal and religious understandings of halal slaughter?”.
Findings
The examination of such requirements and concomitant consumer and provider expectations is underpinned by a study of an operational framework, i.e. industry practices with poultry (hand slaughter, stunning, mechanical slaughter, etc.), ethical values and market forces to appraise whether there is a point of convergence for these that can be beneficial for both seller and consumer concerns. This paper has considered different perspectives on the religious slaughter and provided an overview of competing understandings regarding the above concepts.
Originality/value
This study although academic and philosophical in nature, raises questions on route to suggesting future research directions. It provides real value in stimulating more research in the area of halal food production and contributes to the understanding of different slaughter requirements for religious slaughter and the meat industry. It further sheds light on not only the religious and secular legal frameworks on animal slaughter and welfare but also the variations in understanding between them and provides examples of attempts to bridge any gap. The paper highlights the importance of halal food based on religious values and its implications for wider society.