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Daniel Defoe, best known as the author of Robinson Crusoe, was also an early entrepreneur who late in his life published a business text called The Complete English Tradesman. The purpose of this paper is to argue that The Complete English Tradesman should be given renewed consideration as an early predecessor to the great works in management literature.

The paper compares the content found in The Complete English Tradesman with topics and content typically found in modern small business management texts.

The paper finds considerable overlap between Defoe's advice and modern small business management principles. Besides the overall relevant content, the paper also finds unique insights offered by Defoe that could be applied by the modern small business entrepreneur. The paper presents possible reasons why Defoe's work is not widely known today.

Defoe's work may be reflective of the general eighteenth‐century entrepreneurial climate. There may be other related sources of interest, as well as potential parallels between the eighteenth‐century climate and the modern entrepreneurial environment.

A timeless core set of actions may be essential for entrepreneurial success.

This is the first research to compare Defoe's work explicitly with modern small business management theory or practice.

States that marketers require a better understanding of the consumer decision‐making process for selecting services, particularly of the prepurchase information search for professional services which are often selected just after relocation to a new geographical area. Examines the findings of research on this topic, which looked at questionnaires returned by a sample of two hundred new residents about their use of information sources in choosing a professional service. Discusses the managerial implications for marketers of the results of the study, which confirmed the importance of personal sources of information in the search process and showed that most residents were happy with their choices.

This paper focuses on the orientation of the economy expressed in the communication of the Central Economic Work Conference (CEWC) of China and its relation with the stock market. This study seeks to explore which orientation of the economy may have a stronger impact on the rise of the stock market. It proposes words connoting orientation of the economy (WOE) that is closely related to the stock market, and different WOE has different impacts on the stock market in terms of intensity. The study aims to provide investors with better investment strategies by identifying the stronger developmental WOE.

The paper opted for an exploratory study using the textual analysis approach, based on a corpus of 28 CEWC communications spanning from 1994 to 2021. The raw corpus amounted to 50,754 words in total that are treated with noise reduction method and record an effective corpus of 39,591.

The paper provides empirical insights into the close relationship of the WOE of the CEWC to the stock market, and different WOE has different impacts on the stock market in terms of intensity. It suggests that WOE connoting development may forecast a rising stock market if it is nearly 40% higher than the other two WOEs by impact index.

As WOE is only proven in the CEWC, this paper has its limitations in the scope of samples. It is necessary to apply WOE to more Central Bank communication (CBC) and countries. It is desirable to apply the Gunning–Fog index.

The paper includes implications for investors to read out the orientation of the economy and the degree of different WOEs. Investors are keener to know “what” degree of the CEWC leads to the rise/fall of the stock market. The impact index can be an indicator of a tendency of the stock market, which upgrades the rationality of investment decisions.

This paper fulfills words connoting the orientation of economy as an identified linguistic feature, which the impact of CEWC on stockmarket can be measured.

Previous academic research studies mostly focus on the impact on stock market from the language features of CBC, rather than that from the more influential body, CEWC communication. This study seeks to provide the relationship of CEWC communication and the time length of the impact on the stock prices.

As far as we know, all work on externally blown flaps has been aimed at providing a basis for studies of the flight performance and handling qualities in respect of certain aircraft projects, one of which is the Dornier STOL transport aircraft. Theoretical work so far has only been possible in as much as the jet flap theory was extended to include any possible momentum distribution and finite jet thickness at the flap trailing edge. We know virtually nothing about the phenomenon of the jet flow spreading between the engine nozzle and the flap trailing edge. This question was studied on a simple wind tunnel model of an externally blown flap.

Discusses how marketing principles and techniques can be of considerable value both in the design and operation of library and information services. Stresses, however, that information services have different characteristics which, at the same time, warn against injudicious use of marketing techniques. Examines the benefits that would accrue to libraries adopting a more user‐oriented policy – advocating further exploration into the context of information need. Contends that, in contrast to much standard marketing theory, in this field user expectations have considerable influence on the end product.

TYPICAL STOL CHARACTERISTICS can be achieved for medium and heavy jet transport aircraft by means of externally blown flaps. As part of a project study conducted by Dornier AG., concerning a 40t STOL transport aircraft, the aerodynamic and flight mechanical feasibility is demonstrated. The basic data was supplied by wind tunnel tests with the model of a transport aircraft. With a view to V/STOL capability, the engine jet deflection was optimised by means of a novel slot flap design on a simple rectangular wing.

This study aims to investigate the extent to which franchisees are satisfied with the attainment of their personal goals in business. Although franchising continues to be exploited in the business sector, research and studies of franchising were scarcely mentioned in the organizational literature. Obviously, franchising as a body of knowledge has been studied mostly from the franchisor’s perspective than on franchisees. Within franchisee literature, studies on people’s motivation to become a franchisee have received some attention and provided little understanding, but no study has ever measured to what extent franchisees are satisfied with their personal goals in the business.

To investigate the hypotheses, a positivist approach is chosen as the philosophical foundation of this study, and all methodological aspects related with this approach are used in this study. A total of 204 franchisee entrepreneurs in Malaysia were surveyed and answered self-administered questionnaires.

In general, statistical analysis suggests franchisees were satisfied with their goals attainments. However, further analysis shows that franchisees were mostly satisfied with intrinsic rewards goals, followed by perceived autonomy goals and family concern goals. Surprisingly, franchisees have less satisfaction with economic gain goals comparatively with other goals. Moreover, based on the conceptual analysis and empirical evidence, hierarchy of economic goals and hierarchy of family goals are discovered. Besides, this study does suggest that franchisees’ sustainability in the business may be affected by attainment of their personal goals.

This paper studies franchising from a franchisee’s perspective and from a non-Western perspective. It investigates whether franchisee entrepreneurs share similar goals compared with other types of entrepreneurs and to what extent franchisees are satisfied with their personal goal attainment in the business.

This review of normative and descriptive advertising research studies concludes that the studies have resulted in few great ideas. In spite of a quantitatively impressive research tonnage, the studies are unsystematic, the methods are often weak in validity, and the results are often irrelevant to the problems of advertising.To improve the state of the art, more emphasis on theory building is necessary. In particular, more attention should be directed toward formulating appropriate “models of man” and toward developing meaningful categories of the functions played by advertising. In addition, advertising studies would benefit by more breadth in behaviour, more breadth in space, and more breadth in time.