R. Raman Mahato, A.K. Bhattamishra, R. Singh and P. Jayakrishnan
High strength low alloy steels have attained wide acceptance as structural materials. Research and development have led to different corrosion preventive methods. High strength…
Abstract
High strength low alloy steels have attained wide acceptance as structural materials. Research and development have led to different corrosion preventive methods. High strength low alloy (HSLA) of composition C(0.4%), Mn(0.7%), Si(0.25%). Cr(0.8%), Ni(1.7%) was selected for this study. Epoxy iron oxide, epoxy micaceous iron oxide (MIO), zinc‐rich epoxy and zinc ethyl silicate were used for painting the HSLA panels (150mm × 100mm × 3mm). Physical properties such as film thickness, specific gravity, viscosity, drying times of paints were evaluated and salt spray test, AC impedance and metallographic examination were carried out. Performance of zinc ethyl silicate coating over HSLA was found to be the best followed by epoxy micaceous iron oxide system.
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M. Dhanalakshmi, M. Selvaraj, S. Syed Azim and P. Jayakrishnan
Recent developments indicate that the polymer coatings used to protect steel structures from corrosive environments are rarely one‐component systems. Polymeric blends used to…
Abstract
Recent developments indicate that the polymer coatings used to protect steel structures from corrosive environments are rarely one‐component systems. Polymeric blends used to protect the structures are a mixture of at least two polymers or copolymers. The heterophase polymer blends are known as polymer‐polymer composites (PPC). The advantages of PPC coatings in comparison to multicoat systems are high thickness per coat, excellent protection and superior layer adhesion. Presents a study in which a poly (epoxy‐chlorinated rubber‐silicone) PPC coating was prepared and its chemical resistance properties in acid, alkali and neutral solutions were studied. Different combinations of these three binders were also prepared in toluene:acetone solvent mixture and the chemical resistance properties of these PPCs were evaluated in comparison with the corresponding multicoat system with the same thickness. Finds that the PPCs show superior properties when compared to multicoat systems. Studies the electrochemical behaviour such as potential, resistance and capacitance of the PPCs and the multicoat systems on steel substrate in sodium chloride solution and finds that the PPCs have higher resistance value than the multicoat systems. Based on the experimental results, concludes that a single coat of PPC can be recommended for protecting the steel structures from chemical and marine environments, instead of using conventional three‐ or four‐coat systems based on the same or different film formers.
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M. Dhanalakshmi, K. Maruthan, P. Jayakrishnan and N.S. Rengaswamy
Epoxy‐resin‐based paints generally offer very good corrosion‐protective properties and are widely used in harsh environments such as the sea. They are two‐pack systems, the curing…
Abstract
Epoxy‐resin‐based paints generally offer very good corrosion‐protective properties and are widely used in harsh environments such as the sea. They are two‐pack systems, the curing agent normally used being polyamines or polyamides. Such systems find extensive use on structures exposed to dry conditions. When substrates lie under water or are constantly exposed to the wet, the above system is impracticable due to poor adhesion. For these environments, the curing agent has to be modified, and in such circumstances ketimines have been found to work. Many amines and ketones are used to obtain ketimines. The ketimine in contact with water hydrolyses, releasing a free amine, which in turn reacts with the epoxy resin and so curing takes place in situ. Reports on a study of effective ketimines in various coating systems.
Syed Faheem Hasan Bukhari, Frances M. Woodside, Rumman Hassan, Omar Massoud Salim Hassan Ali, Saima Hussain and Rabail Waqas
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the key attributes that drive Muslim consumer purchase behavior in the context of imported Western food in Pakistan.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the key attributes that drive Muslim consumer purchase behavior in the context of imported Western food in Pakistan.
Design/methodology/approach
In-depth, semi-structured interviews were used as a data collection tool. In this research, the in-depth interview data were analysed by using the manual content analysis (MCA) technique. Moreover, Leximancer software was used to reanalyse the data to enhance the trustworthiness of the MCA results. A total sample of 43 Muslim consumers from three metropolitan cities in Pakistan participated in the research. The sample comprises professionals, housewives and both college and university students.
Findings
Muslim consumers in Pakistan look at both the intrinsic and extrinsic attributes when purchasing imported Western food. The ruling factors explored were product taste, ingredients, freshness, hygiene, brand name and overall product quality. However, product packaging and labeling also play a significant role. Participants were of the view that imported Western food provides a better, unique consumption experience and an opportunity to choose from a wide variety of food options. Interestingly, interview findings reveal that Western food product attributes surpass the Islamic concept of moderate spending, thus convincing Muslim consumers to engage in the consumption of imported Western food.
Social implications
The presence of imported Western food may improve quality of life by having more opportunities and healthier options for the nation. If the Western food products are stamped Halal or made with Halal ingredients the product has a fair chance of adoption and penetration in the society. Further, it may result in overall health improvements within the society, which is already a major concern in the Pakistani consumer market. Also, food products coming from the Western world induces mindfulness; people are more aware about innovative and useful ingredients that can satisfy their taste buds.
Originality/value
This paper found that Pakistani Muslim consumers are not really concerned about the Islamic concept of moderate spending, and thus, established that Pakistani Muslim consumers are more concerned about product value rather than their Islamic teaching of moderate spending. From a population, with 97 per cent Muslim majority, product packaging and labeling were found to be a dominant and deciding factor, which, in itself, is an interesting finding. Further, established Western brand names help Muslim consumers to recognize products and plays a vital role in their purchase decisions. However, within product labeling, the element of halal ingredients was found to be a deciding factor, but not a leading factor, in purchase decisions.
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Shekhar P. Tambe, Shwetambari D. Jagtap, Ramakant N. Choudhari and B.P. Mallik
The performance of epoxy coating on metal substrate at low temperature and high humidity application has adverse effect on cure rate, film properties and adhesion. In recent…
Abstract
Purpose
The performance of epoxy coating on metal substrate at low temperature and high humidity application has adverse effect on cure rate, film properties and adhesion. In recent years, several advanced amine cross-linking agents having superior curing ability at low temperature application environment have been introduced. The aim of this paper is to study the properties of epoxy-based coating cured with different cross-linking agents designed for low temperature application at different environmental conditions.
Design/methodology/approach
Series of cross linking agents such as modified cycloaliphatic amine (H1), polyamine adduct (H2), modified aliphatic ketamine (H3), phenalkamine (H4) and phenalkamide (H5) have been studied to evaluate their performance in epoxy compositions when cured at four environmental conditions, i.e. at ambient and sub-ambient temperatures with 60 and 90 per cent relative humidity, respectively. The effect of curing conditions was investigated by evaluating different physico-mechanical properties. Dynamic mechanical analyser technique was used to determine glass transition temperature (Tg) and cross-link density (ρ) of coatings. Anticorrosive properties of coatings also have been studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
Findings
The outcome of this study is expected to generate new insight into the curing behaviour of epoxy coating using different cross-linking agents which are recommended for low temperature application. Optimum physico-mechanical and corrosion resistance properties have been obtained by phenalkamine curing agent at low temperature and high humidity condition.
Practical implications
This study is an experimental approach to select the better cross-linking agent for low temperature application. Different test conditions were measured for understanding the performance of epoxy coating cured at different environmental condition.
Originality/value
The understanding reaction mechanism of the epoxy resin with cross-linking agent at different environmental condition is the great challenge and is hardly investigated in the literature. Therefore, in this research, the influence of climatic conditions and type of cross-linking agents on curing behaviour of epoxy-based coating was investigated.
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The psychological empowerment theory of intrinsic motivation is the primary theoretical basis for the case. Other theories discussed include personality theories and…
Abstract
Theoretical basis
The psychological empowerment theory of intrinsic motivation is the primary theoretical basis for the case. Other theories discussed include personality theories and transformational leadership theory.
Research methodology
This is a field-researched case, based on face to face interviews with V.G. Jayakrishnan. The author also visited Jayakrishnan’s institution and attended an event there. The author also relied upon archival data in the form of newspaper reports: both print and video. The case is based on events before July 31, 2017.
Case overview/synopsis
This case examines how entrepreneur V.G. Jayakrishnan, between 1995–2017, set up two successful, yet distinct businesses, namely, ICD (Institute for Career Development), a leading banking test prepping center in Kerala, India and JK Farms, a state-of-the-art dairy farm. Jayakrishnan’s vision and ability to think far ahead of his competition led to ICD becoming one of the most successful banking test prep centers in Kerala, India. Similarly, Jayakrishnan’s vision of scientific dairy farming allowed him to set up the state of the art JK Farms. The case allows students to examine the concepts of intrinsic motivation and transformational leadership.
Complexity academic level
The case can be used both at the graduate and undergraduate levels. At the graduate level, it can be used at the beginning of any leadership class to foster discussion about intrinsic motivation and transformational leadership. At the undergraduate level, it would be better positioned at the middle of the organizational behavior course after the students have discussed the chapters on motivation, leadership and personality in principal textbooks (Colquitt, LePine and Wesson, McGraw Hill, 2018).
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The purpose of this paper is to report salt spray testing of epoxy‐polyester top‐coating applied on Zn‐sprayed, Al‐sprayed and 85Zn‐15Al‐sprayed steel samples.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to report salt spray testing of epoxy‐polyester top‐coating applied on Zn‐sprayed, Al‐sprayed and 85Zn‐15Al‐sprayed steel samples.
Design/methodology/approach
In these tests, steel substrates sprayed with Zn, Al and 85Zn‐15Al coatings of different average thicknesses ranging from 120 to 210 μm were top‐coated with an epoxy‐polyester sealing layer. The corrosion test was performed with salt solution for over 2,000‐h. The degree of damage to the samples was evaluated quantitatively in terms of ratio of scribed to unscribed area of coating.
Findings
It was evident that the corrosion resistance of Al‐sprayed top‐coated surfaces was better than coated Zn‐spray or coated 85Zn‐15Al‐spray systems. As a result, when Al‐coated surfaces were top‐coated with polymeric layer, it was found that their surfaces were remarkably unaffected by the salt spray environment.
Originality/value
The salt spray measurements indicated that the Al‐spray epoxy‐polyester polymer double system was more durable than the other two systems (polymeric top‐coated Zn‐spay, and polymeric top‐coated 85Zn‐15Al‐spray), so far as protection from the chloride salt spray environment was concerned.
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Emanuela Conti, Furio Camillo and Tonino Pencarelli
The purpose of the paper is to present an empirical study that examines the impact of digitalization on informative, strategic and operational marketing activities in…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the paper is to present an empirical study that examines the impact of digitalization on informative, strategic and operational marketing activities in manufacturing companies from the entrepreneurial perspective.
Design/methodology/approach
A research project was carried out in 205 Italian manufacturing companies by using the questionnaire method. An exploratory research study was conducted with hierarchical cluster analysis.
Findings
The analysis shows the existence of seven clusters of manufacturing companies that differ by the impact of digitalization on marketing activities from the entrepreneurial perspective. Two clusters have a high positive impact of digitalization, primarily on informative and strategic marketing activities. Two clusters are characterized by a low positive impact of digitalization and three clusters perform an intermediate level of digitalization. Furthermore, these groups of clusters differ in terms of the influence of digitalization on customer value.
Research limitations/implications
The small size of the sample and the geographic origin of the companies imply limited generalizability; further research on the topic is thus recommended.
Practical implications
The study suggests that companies should digitalize many key marketing activities to increase marketing effectiveness and customer value. To achieve high levels of digitalization and thus increase their competitiveness, manufacturing companies should consider the importance of relevant technologies and skills.
Originality/value
By focussing on the impact of digitalization on informative, strategic and operational marketing, which has not yet been empirically investigated, the present study reveals many new elements concerning the marketing process in the digital era from the entrepreneur's point of view.
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Pathavee Waewwab, Sungsit Sungvornyothin, Kamolnetr Okanurak, Ngamphol Soonthornworasiri, Rutcharin Potiwat and Chadchalerm Raksakoon
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of breeding containers on the production of Aedes mosquitoes after a vector-control program in households that might…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of breeding containers on the production of Aedes mosquitoes after a vector-control program in households that might support dengue transmission in tourist attraction areas of Bang Kachao Riverbend, Thailand.
Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional study was conducted in an ecotourism area of Bang Kachao Riverbend, Thailand, during the period October 2016 to September 2017. A total of 832 households from five villages participated in the study. Data collection employed an interview questionnaire, larval mosquito survey and measurements of the chemical properties of the water in each container. A binary logistic regression model was used to investigate the characteristics of water containers influencing the presence or absence of Aedes immatures.
Findings
The study found that water containers located inside households had a highly presence of Aedes immatures (2.22 times) compared with outdoor containers. Water containers without lids and water containers with ineffective had a high presence of Aedes immatures (3.69 and 2.54 times, respectively). In addition, the chemical properties of the water inside the containers, such as pH, influenced the presence of Aedes immatures (1.76 times) (OR=1.76, 95% CI=1.59–1.96).
Originality/value
The study results emphasized the characteristics of water containers in households located in a tourist attraction area. The findings may inform public health vector-control messages for households located in the tourist attraction area.
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This chapter explores a descriptive theory of multidimensional travel behaviour, estimation of quantitative models and demonstration in an agent-based microsimulation.
Abstract
Purpose
This chapter explores a descriptive theory of multidimensional travel behaviour, estimation of quantitative models and demonstration in an agent-based microsimulation.
Theory
A descriptive theory on multidimensional travel behaviour is conceptualised. It theorizes multidimensional knowledge updating, search start/stopping criteria and search/decision heuristics. These components are formulated or empirically modelled and integrated in a unified and coherent approach.
Findings
The theory is supported by empirical observations and the derived quantitative models are tested by an agent-based simulation on a demonstration network.
Originality and value
Based on artificially intelligent agents, learning and search theory and bounded rationality, this chapter makes an effort to embed a sound theoretical foundation for the computational process approach and agent-based micro-simulations. A pertinent new theory is proposed with experimental observations and estimations to demonstrate agents with systematic deviations from the rationality paradigm. Procedural and multidimensional decision-making are modelled. The numerical experiment highlights the capabilities of the proposed theory in estimating rich behavioural dynamics.