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Publication date: 3 February 2023

Hrvoje Mataković

Tourism and crime are closely related phenomena, and security is one of the basic preconditions for the functioning of tourism since tourists and tourist areas have many…

Abstract

Tourism and crime are closely related phenomena, and security is one of the basic preconditions for the functioning of tourism since tourists and tourist areas have many characteristics that make them vulnerable to crime. In this chapter are presented the actual (objective) risk of crime and tourists victimization, visible in statistics on committed crimes and crime victims surveys, and the perceived (subjective) risk of crime, recorded in surveys conducted with tourists. The characteristics which influence the actual and perceived risk of crime and violence are presented by analysing three key elements in the relationship between tourism and crime: (1) tourist (these characteristics are classified as socio-demographic, socio-cultural and psychological); (2) trip (characteristics are the purpose of the trip, travel party, and stage of the trip); and (3) destination (characteristics are crime rates in destination, the occurrence of crime by place and time, type of accommodation and length of stay).

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Safety and Tourism
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80382-812-1

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 1995

P.A. Mawby, J. Zeng and K. Board

Poisson’s equation and the electron continuity equation, together withheat flow equation are solved self‐consistently to obtain the latticetemperature profile under non‐isothermal…

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Abstract

Poisson’s equation and the electron continuity equation, together with heat flow equation are solved self‐consistently to obtain the lattice temperature profile under non‐isothermal conditions in a power VDMOS transistor. The effect of the variable lattice temperature on the forward characteristics of VDMOSTs is presented, and discussed. The results show that self‐heating in power VDMOSTs has a significant effect. The thermal coupling effects on the forward I—V characteristics are compared and discussed between the power VDMOST and the conventional MOSFET.

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International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 5 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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Article
Publication date: 1 December 2005

Robert Goddard and Sabina Jaeger

This paper seeks to critique the Winfree and Taylor report on rural, small town, and metropolitan police in New Zealand.

1007

Abstract

Purpose

This paper seeks to critique the Winfree and Taylor report on rural, small town, and metropolitan police in New Zealand.

Design/methodology/approach

Compares and contrasts the conclusions to some earlier findings of Jaeger in her research on increasing the diversity of the New Zealand police. The question asked is: “Can universal research methodology on classical policing and community policing be applied carte blanche to organizational studies in New Zealand without ‘local’ input?”.

Findings

Jaeger's research, through in‐depth interviews of twenty ethnic police officers, suggested possible alternative conclusions that were not apparent when Winfree and Taylor, reporting from a distance, applied detailed statistical analysis to a 1996 dataset. The paper suggests that a combination of the two approaches might lead to a more complete and truthful representation of the reality.

Originality/value

Critiques an earlier report on the police in New Zealand published in Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management.

Details

Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, vol. 28 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1363-951X

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 2003

Jean Marie McGloin

The Good Friday Agreement of 1998 was the explicit base for the politically shared, though tenuous, internal government of Northern Ireland. This ensuing process has highlighted…

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Abstract

The Good Friday Agreement of 1998 was the explicit base for the politically shared, though tenuous, internal government of Northern Ireland. This ensuing process has highlighted the centrality of the national police, as a country or state attempts to shift towards a contemporary, pluralistic democracy. To clarify, the police force, which was previously an instrument of control, must now become an organization that strives for the consent and support of the public. Using Mawby’s models of policing as an organizational framework, this article focuses attention on the policing paradigms of Northern Ireland over the course of its social history. It puts forth the argument that, despite some strategic changes, it is only upon the heels of the Good Friday Agreement and the consequent governmental change that the police force has begun to shift its operational paradigm away from the colonial model toward an Anglo‐Saxon paradigm.

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Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, vol. 26 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1363-951X

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Article
Publication date: 1 May 2001

Paul Cozens, David Hillier and Gwyn Prescott

This paper provides a critical review of “Defensible Space” (Newman, 1973) and traces the development of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) in America and…

5012

Abstract

This paper provides a critical review of “Defensible Space” (Newman, 1973) and traces the development of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) in America and Canada, and Secured By Design (SBD) initiatives in the UK. It is argued that various aspects of the theory have avoided consideration and require further investigation and research. It is opined that “defensible space” is the theoretical foundation to both CPTED and SBD and it is posited that a thorough re‐examination of Newman’s ideas will serve to deepen our understanding of the complex relationship between the built environment and crime. British (BS8220) and European (CEN TC/325) Standards relating to urban planning and environmental design and crime reduction are currently receiving detailed deliberation and are based firmly upon Newman’s ideas. The projected need for some 4.4 million new homes in Britain (DOE, 1995) by 2016 and Lord Roger’s call for improvements in urban design to reduce suburban migration from cities (DETR, 1999) reiterates the importance of the subject matter. This paper (the first of two) recognises that design per se does not represent the panacea for reducing criminogeneity, rather, that “defensible space” CPTED and SBD should be considered as crime prevention strategies, which can, in common with all other initiatives, contribute to tackling the problem of residential crime. In conclusion, it is argued that further research concerning how “defensible space” is perceived by various crucial stakeholders in society is the way forward in this regard. A second, forthcoming paper (PM, Vol. 19 No. 3) will present these research findings.

Details

Property Management, vol. 19 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0263-7472

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1994

Z.R. Hu, P.A. Mawby, M.S. Towers and K. Board

The transient thermal behaviour, based on a rigorous transient thermodynamic treatment, of a power VDMOS transistor during turn‐off is presented. The time variation of the…

41

Abstract

The transient thermal behaviour, based on a rigorous transient thermodynamic treatment, of a power VDMOS transistor during turn‐off is presented. The time variation of the interior lattice temperature within the device is calculated by self‐consistently solving the fully coupled Poisson's equation and transient electron continuity equation together with the transient heat flow equation. The simulation takes account of temperature dependent heat conduction and capacity and includes thermoelectric currents due to temperature gradient. To make the transient thermal simulation more robust, a new analytical expression for heat capacity is used.

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COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 13 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

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Article
Publication date: 22 October 2019

Yuri Merizalde, Luis Hernández-Callejo, Oscar Duque-Pérez and Víctor Alonso-Gómez

Despite the wide dissemination and application of current signature analysis (CSA) in general industry, CSA is not commonly used in the wind industry, where the use of vibration…

540

Abstract

Purpose

Despite the wide dissemination and application of current signature analysis (CSA) in general industry, CSA is not commonly used in the wind industry, where the use of vibration signals predominates. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to review the use of generator CSA (GCSA) in the online fault detection and diagnosis of wind turbines (WTs).

Design/methodology/approach

This is a bibliographical investigation in which the use of GCSA for the maintenance of WTs is analyzed. A section is dedicated to each of the main components, including the theoretical foundations on which GCSA is based and the methodology, mathematical models and signal processing techniques used by the proposals that exist on this topic.

Findings

The lack of appropriate technology and mathematical models, as well as the difficulty involved in performing actual studies in the field and the lack of research projects, has prevented the expansion of the use of GCSA for fault detection of other WT components. This research area has yet to be explored, and the existing investigations mainly focus on the gearbox and the doubly fed induction generator; however, modern signal treatment and artificial intelligence techniques could offer new opportunities in this field.

Originality/value

Although literature on the use of GCSA for the detection and diagnosis of faults in WTs has been published, these papers address specific applications for each of the WT components, especially gearboxes and generators. For this reason, the main contribution of this study is providing a comprehensive vision for the use of GCSA in the maintenance of WTs.

Details

Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, vol. 26 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2511

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1994

M. Gault, H. Matsuura, K. Furuya, P. Mawby and M.S. Towers

A new quantum effect device which is capable of highly coherent electron emission is theoretically proposed and analysed. The new device works by using the potential induced…

19

Abstract

A new quantum effect device which is capable of highly coherent electron emission is theoretically proposed and analysed. The new device works by using the potential induced accumulation layer at a heterointerface to produce dimensionally reduced electrons. These electrons tunnel through a heterobarrier ensuring that their energy is quantised in the direction of propagation. To avoid the problem of unquantised three dimensional electrons dominating the current the two dimensional electrons that tunnel through the barrier are replenished by electrons from two side contacts. A self‐consistent model is used to analyse the performance of the device and it is found that the new device performs very well, producing electrons with a very narrow energy spread in the direction of propagation. The current density/coherency combination is easily controlled by the applied bias and the device also offers the potential for ultra fast switching through the transition between coherent and incoherent states.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 13 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1994

L Sabesan, AK Ray, P Mawby and M Towers

Modelling of a Twin ridge waveguide optical Amplifier is reported here. In this paper appropriate physical mechanism such as current spreading, carrier diffusion, waveguiding and…

40

Abstract

Modelling of a Twin ridge waveguide optical Amplifier is reported here. In this paper appropriate physical mechanism such as current spreading, carrier diffusion, waveguiding and switching etc. have been take into consideration and the effects on characteristics and performance as a switch were investigated. With this model, physical phenomenon appropriate to the device can be analysed with respect to electrical, optical and geometrical parameters. Mixture of analytical and numerical techniques were employed.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 13 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1994

J. Zeng, P.A. Mawby, M.S. Towers and K. Board

In this paper, the 2‐D numerical analysis is used to investigate the electro‐thermal performance of a trench power VDMOS transistor having a much reduced quasi‐saturation effect…

39

Abstract

In this paper, the 2‐D numerical analysis is used to investigate the electro‐thermal performance of a trench power VDMOS transistor having a much reduced quasi‐saturation effect over the conventional VDMOS structure. Taking into account all the appropriate physical mechanisms, the analysis self‐consistently solves Poisson's equation, the electron continuity equation and the heat flow equation. The results show that the trench structure introduced enables the device to operate at higher current levels due to a favorable change in current density distribution within the device. However, these two effects can increase the self‐heating of the device, decrease the forward current and degrade the thermal stability of the new structure. Nevertheless the new device is still found to provide a higher quasi‐saturation current than the conventional VDMOS device even when thermal effects are taken into account.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 13 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

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