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The purpose of this study is twofold. First, to consider the ways in which transportation could be more sustainable in North Cyprus, which is mostly dependent on tourism and higher education as a small island destination. Second, to investigate current issues in the transportation sector related to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study employed a qualitative approach, and a descriptive analysis technique was used to analyse semi-structured interviews, conducted by telephone and face-to-face. To investigate current problems in the North Cyprus transportation sector – one of the most affected by the pandemic – travel agencies were chosen as the study’s population and research participants were selected purposively.

The findings indicate that the unpredictability of domestic policies combined with the structural challenges confronting North Cyprus contribute to unsustainable current transportation policies. North Cyprus transport and tourism both suffered significant losses during the pandemic but travel agencies were disproportionately impacted. Our study results showed that exorbitant ticket prices, taxes and transportation costs have emerged as the most significant issues in the transportation sector.

More efficient and accurate policies that meet the needs of the sector and give opportunity for development are required. This is a critical issue for policymakers to address, as they also represent a significant barrier to the sector's long-term competitiveness.

To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first qualitative study to look at North Cyprus’ transportation problems from the perspective of travel agencies and the impact of the pandemic. It is thought that this study will contribute to the development of solutions for transportation problems and sustainable practices in small island developing states.

Drawing on the conservation of resources theory and attachment theory, this paper proposes that employee–organization relationship and satisfaction with work–life balance mediate the influence of workplace attachment on service recovery performance.

Data collection was carried out through the distribution of questionnaires among a sample of healthcare providers from Lebanese private hospitals and analyzed via structural equation modeling.

The results indicate that workplace attachment has a significant impact on employee–organization relationship, satisfaction with work–life balance and service recovery performance. The findings further reveal that employee–organization relationship and satisfaction with work–life balance significantly influence service recovery performance and fully mediate the relationship between workplace attachment and service recovery performance.

This study is the first to investigate the mediating role of the employee–organization relationship and satisfaction with work–life balance between workplace attachment and service recovery performance. Over and above, this study is the first of its kind that the authors are aware of, being conducted in the healthcare sector, specifically in Lebanon. Based on the findings, the paper discusses the theoretical contributions, managerial implications and suggestions for further studies.

The purpose of this article is to examine the factors that influence turnover intentions by examining the effect of congruent internal marketing on turnover intentions among restaurant employees in North Cyprus. The study also integrates work immersion variables to factor in the reduction of turnover intentions of employees.

The quantitative study employed questionnaires distributed to 150 participants at various restaurants throughout Northern Cyprus. The study's results were utilized to examine the effect of several components of congruent internal marketing on turnover intention, including work engagement, job satisfaction, coaching and employee development structural equation modelling.

The study confirmed a positive and significant relationship between congruent internal marketing and turnover intentions, work engagement, job satisfaction and management coaching. It is evident that congruent internal marketing is contingent on elements that minimize employees' turnover intentions. Given the increasing pace of voluntary and involuntary turnover, it is critical to provide concise research for both present and future analysis.

The data collection for this study was limited to the cities of Northern Cyprus, as it focuses on small business operations. Additionally, the researchers were able to collect data from only 30 establishments during the pandemic. Quintessential implication of the current study posits how internal marketing efforts coupled with coaching and engagement practises helps to reduce turnover.

Recently, turnover intention has emerged as a major source of concern for business and organizational survivors, particularly during this COVID-19 pandemic. This had a detrimental effect on local and international enterprises, health, education, hotels and tourism. In essence, the current crisis has had a profound effect on both internal marketing and employee turnover intentions. Drawn from the POS and SET theories, the current study develops and tests parsimonious model in fostering avenues to reduce turnover.

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of fear of COVID-19 and job stress on women's turnover intentions in the hospitality industry (travel agencies). Also, the mediating role of work-family conflict was examined.

Three theoretical approaches of importance for framing issues of fear of COVID-19, job stress, work-family conflict and women's turnover intentions. Using the purposive sampling technique, the participants for the current paper were selected from the population of employees of top travel and tour operation firms in Lagos, Nigeria.

Findings from the study indicate that the fear of COVID-19 and job stress was found to be positively related to work-family conflict and work-family conflict was positively related to women's turnover intentions. Work-family conflict mediates the positive relationship between fear of COVID-19 and women's turnover intentions, while against priori; the work-family conflict did not mediate the relationship between job stress and women's turnover intentions.

Our study's findings were limited in their generalizability because they focused on a specific operating sector of tourism, travel and tour. Testing the study's model in different tourism operating sectors or mixed industries could offer better insights. A comparative study between this current context and western/non-western contexts to provide more contextual insights.

This study considered travel agencies (the pillar of the tourism industry) that have been understudied. The main strength of the study is its female-centric approach to uncovering the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitality employee outcomes. Specifically, the study used African females in the hospitality settings to investigate the aforementioned relationships. 10; Keywords: COVID-19; job stress; turnover intention; work-family conflict.

The investigation of the fractal nature of financial data has been growing in the literature. The purpose is to investigate the multifractal behavior of frontier markets using multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA).

This study used daily closing prices of nine frontier stock markets up to 31-Aug-2020. A preliminary analysis reveals that these markets exhibit fat tails and clustering patterns. For a more robust analysis, a combination of Seasonal and Trend Decomposition using Loess (STL) and MFDFA has been employed. The former method is used to decompose daily stock returns, where later detected the long rang dependence in the series.

The results confirm varying degree of multifractality in frontier stock markets, implying that they exhibit long-range dependence. Based on these multifractality levels, Serbian and Romanian stock markets are the ones exhibiting least long-range dependence, while Slovenian and Mauritius stock markets indicating highest dependence in their series. Furthermore, the markets of Kenya, Morocco, Romania and Serbia exhibit mean reversion (anti-persistent) behavior while the remaining frontier markets show persistent behaviors.

The information given by the detection of the fractal measure of data can support for investment and policymaking decisions.

Frontier markets are of great potential from the perspective of international diversification. However, most of the research focused on other emerging and developed markets, especially in the context of multifractal analysis. This study combines the STL method and a physics-based robust technique, MFDFA to detect the multifractal behavior of frontier stock markets.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of COVID-19 on the Turkish manufacturing sector by using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methods on a sectoral basis. In this way, the sectors that had the highest negative effects of COVID-19 will be determined. Thanks to the findings to be obtained as a result of this study, it will be possible for decision-makers to develop strategies that may differ on a sectoral basis at the point of combating the pandemic.

The negative effects of COVID-19 were revealed by a large literature search. The importance levels of the factors determined within the scope of finance, supply, production and workforce were determined by the AHP method. Then, the TOPSIS method was used to determine which sectors were more affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, based on these factors.

The findings of this study obtained reveal that the most important negative effect of COVID-19 was on businesses in terms of reduced sales caused by domestic sales and export. Again, the findings show that the sector most affected by COVID-19 is automotive, which shows that the least affected sector is the pharmaceutical and medical equipment sector.

Primary data was used to determine the criteria weight. Therefore, there is a possibility that the answers are not objectively evaluated. The findings are limited to the criteria that was used, the views of the professionals and AHP-TOPSIS methods. Studies that use more criteria and different decision-making methods can have different results.

The manufacturing sector is at the forefront of the sectors affected by the global bottleneck caused by COVID-19. In this study, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Turkish manufacturing sector are discussed on a sectoral basis. Studies in the literature have revealed that the effects of pandemics such as COVID-19 vary between sectors. For this reason, it is important to evaluate the effects of COVID-19 from a sectoral perspective. Thanks to this study, it is thought that it will be possible to take measures that may differ between sectors to combat the negative effects of COVID-19.

Along with accounting scandals in the past, academics, researchers, and legislators have focused on fraud. The purpose of this study is to examine postgraduate and doctoral studies, articles, and books about forensic accounting and fraud audit published between the years 2008 and 2018 in Turkey. For this purpose, a total of 96 studies have been examined and 35 of these are master’s theses, 10 of them are PhD theses, 45 of them are articles, and six of them are books. These studies were presented in tables as classified. The studies examined in our research are summarized as year they were published, the author, and the scope of the topic and in terms of results. The conclusions of this study can be summarized as follows: (a) the majority of thesis published about forensic accounting and fraud audit are in 2011 and following years. In addition, most of the theses are focused on forensic accounting review rather than fraud audit. (b) Results in the articles reviewed are in the same direction with theses. (c) There are very few books about fraud audit and forensic accounting. One of them is related to fraud audit, while the rest of them are related to forensic accounting and forensic accounting profession. We suggest extending the scope of the study and making to other countries.

This paper aims to present an example of the measurement of airport efficiency, a topic of great interest in civil aviation today. The methodology used is data envelopment analysis (DEA) and the Malmquist Index. The calculation of airport efficiency with up-to-date data for each period is of great importance in the context of sustainability. The study selected ten airports with high air traffic in Turkey as the sample set. The objective of this study is to evaluate the current state of airport efficiency, identify the sources of inefficiency and make appropriate policy recommendations based on the findings obtained.

The study is based on DEA and Malmquist Index Analysis. The number of personnel and terminal size data of ten selected decision-making units (DMU) are used as inputs, while passenger, cargo and aircraft traffic data are used as outputs. A five-year period, spanning from 2018 to 2022, is considered as the data set in the study.

Upon analysis of the data from the ten airports included in the study, it was found that the current input-output combination yielded efficient results, with the exception of certain characteristics, such as the impact of seasonal conditions or tourism. Concurrent with the growth in aircraft, passenger and freight traffic, the number of personnel employed at these airports has also increased. It was concluded that technological efficiency is of paramount importance for each airport, and that investments in technology should be increased.

A separate assessment was conducted for each of the ten airports included in the study sample. Each airport was evaluated in terms of its strengths and weaknesses, and areas of low efficiency were identified. Consequently, more general conclusions were reached than airport-specific evaluations.

In order to ensure the long-term sustainability of the sector, it is essential that the efficiency measurements of airports are calculated using up-to-date data on a regular basis. The results obtained from these calculations provide guidance for the strategic plans to be implemented in the long term, as well as for the solution proposals for operational problems. In this context, this study not only provides information to policymakers and airport managers about the current situation, as it includes recent data, but also contributes to the literature in this sense, as it includes policy recommendations.

Tour operators have played an important role in the marketing and distribution of tourism products to customers. As one of the major tourist‐generating countries, the significance of the tour operator industry has been felt strongly in Germany. When one considers that about 30 to 40 per cent of German holidaymakers travelling abroad buy their holidays directly from tour operators or via travel agencies, the importance of these travel establishments in Germany becomes obvious. The dominance of tour operators in the marketing of tourism destinations world‐wide in Germany suggests their great importance to the tourism industries of destination countries in terms of the steady and balanced development of tourism. Consideration of the main functions of tour operators in the tourism industry, and understanding the working environment in which they operate and their experience in the industry, may provide very useful benefits to other tour operators and the tourism industry as a whole, as they all operate in a similar environment and work with each other frequently. Therefore, this survey among eight tour operators and ten German travel agencies aims to examine and identify the basic managerial and organisational structure of German tour operators and travel agencies in Turkey.