Hasim Kafali and Onder Altuntas
This study aims to present atmospheric emissions (NOx, CO and HC) of commercial flights at Dalaman Airport for the years between 2016 and 2018.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to present atmospheric emissions (NOx, CO and HC) of commercial flights at Dalaman Airport for the years between 2016 and 2018.
Design/methodology/approach
Growing up, the potential for domestic and international airports will cause an increase in air transportation. Increasing demand for air transportation will cause adverse environmental impacts as well as positive economic contributions. Finding negative environmental effects and searching for solutions is an essential first step.
Findings
Emissions were calculated under three different groups (as daily, number of flights and per passenger). The maximum CO emission calculated was 1031.71 kg/day in August 2018, 41.55 g/pax. in October 2016 and 6909.27 g/flight in August 2018. The maximum HC emission calculated was 117.22 kg/day in August 2018, 4.78 g/pax. in May 2018 and 796.47 g/flight in May 2018. The maximum NOx emission calculated was 148.63 kg/day in August 2018, 6.04 g/pax. in October 2017 and 995.34 g/flight in August 2018.
Practical implications
The current study intends to show how can emission results differ under three different units.
Originality/value
The originality is the using of the real-time values for all calculations. The value of this study is to be key study for future applications of emission calculation methodologies.
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This study aims to present the impact of using leaded avgas in piston-prop aircraft, in Turkey.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to present the impact of using leaded avgas in piston-prop aircraft, in Turkey.
Design/methodology/approach
Increasing air traffic directly increases the total amount of consumed aviation fuels (kerosene or avgas). The number of aircraft and traffic that will increase soon will further increase fuel consumption. For this reason, aircraft power generation methods (long term) must be changed or the fuel must be improved (short term). The avgas used in piston-prop aircraft is known to contain lead and as a result, the production or consumption of avgas has adverse effects on human health, the ecosystem quality and resources.
Findings
The overall human health impact, ecosystem quality impact and resource impact in Turkey were determined to be 2.83 disability-adjusted life years, 1.21 × 10−04 species.yr and $138, respectively. According to the results, although the normalized total effect of Turkey was calculated as 208.18 nkg, 43.89% of the total was observed in the Marmara region.
Originality/value
The originality is the use of real-time values for all calculations. For the purpose of showing the most impacted or damaged regions in Turkey via a life cycle analysis, a new definition, the normalized total effect in nkg, is defined in this study.
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Mehmet Kadri Akyüz, Hasim Kafali and Onder Altuntas
This paper aims to measure the thermal comfort conditions and indoor air quality parameters, through on-site measurements taken in the areas mostly occupied by the passengers and…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to measure the thermal comfort conditions and indoor air quality parameters, through on-site measurements taken in the areas mostly occupied by the passengers and airport staff. Terminal buildings consist of areas with various functions. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning requirements vary from area to area, thus leading to challenges in the management of indoor environment quality. Therefore, the study focuses on investigating the indoor environment conditions in various areas of the terminal buildings.
Design/methodology/approach
In this study, the thermal comfort and indoor air quality were evaluated based on the parameters [CO2 concentration, relative humidity, temperature, predicted mean vote (PMV) and predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD)] collected for summer 2019 from different zones inside the International Dalaman Airport terminal building located in the southwest of Turkey. The measurements were performed in the areas mostly occupied by the airport staff and passengers (check-in area, security control areas, international departure lounge, domestic departure lounge and baggage claim hall).
Findings
As a result of the study, it was observed that the CO2 concentration was 480–965 ppm, the relative humidity was 51.9–75.8% and the temperature was in the range of 23.9°C–28.3°C inside the airport terminal. The PMV values were determined to be in the range of −0.23 to 0.67, and the PPD values 5–15%, which are used to measure the thermal comfort conditions.
Originality/value
There has been limited study on the determination of the indoor air quality in airport terminals and the investigation of the thermal comfort conditions. However, in this study, indoor air quality and thermal comfort conditions were determined by on-site measurements in the five mostly occupied areas by passengers and employees in the terminal building.
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Yasin Şöhret, Selcuk Ekici, Onder Altuntas and T. Hikmet Karakoc
This study aims to introduce an approach to evaluate environmental impact of a piston-prop engine from the view point of life cycle assessment (LCA).
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to introduce an approach to evaluate environmental impact of a piston-prop engine from the view point of life cycle assessment (LCA).
Design/methodology/approach
In the aviation industry, safety is an important issue. For reliable and safe flights, the maintenance of aerial vehicles and engines is mandatory. Additionally, regular and correct maintenance plays a key role in keeping efficiency at a high level. With this in mind, a LCA of a regular 50 hourly maintenance process of Cessna type training aircraft is conducted. During the assessment, the starting of the engine before maintenance, replacement of the oil filter, test procedure of the spark plugs, a compressor test, engine cleaning and engine starting following maintenance are taken into account.
Findings
At the end of the study, normalization and characterization values for the maintenance, electricity consumption during maintenance and used fuel are obtained.
Practical implications
Regarding the number of this type aircraft worldwide, the current study offers a valuable contribution to the literature. The authors also intend to introduce an approach which may be useful for the assessment of large body aircraft still in service.
Originality/value
The present paper is a pioneer for future applications of LCA methodology to piston-prop engines and training aircraft.
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Ferhan K. Sengur and Onder Altuntas
Aviation is not only one of the key contributors to the economy and social structure of the world but it is also an industry whose environmental impacts are being closely…
Abstract
Aviation is not only one of the key contributors to the economy and social structure of the world but it is also an industry whose environmental impacts are being closely monitored. Aircraft efficiency and technological advancements have significantly reduced aviation noise and emissions in recent decades. Nevertheless, as the need for passenger and freight transportation grows, the aviation sector is becoming a primary source of environmental issues and a significant driver of global warming. This chapter focusses on environmentally sustainable aviation with a net-zero emission target. It also highlights sustainable aviation policies and collaborative initiatives in the aviation industry to meet the 2050 net-zero emission goal. While the industry's efforts have increased opportunities recently, the industry has also had to face several challenges to achieve the net-zero aviation target.
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Gamze Koseoglu, S. Arzu Wasti and Hilal Terzi
In this chapter, the authors will examine turnover in Turkey. In the first section, the authors will briefly describe the legal, institutional, and cultural context with a…
Abstract
In this chapter, the authors will examine turnover in Turkey. In the first section, the authors will briefly describe the legal, institutional, and cultural context with a particular emphasis on their implications for employment conditions and turnover in Turkey. In the second section, the authors will review the academic literature on turnover that originated from Turkey. The authors divide the reviewed studies into two groups: generalizability studies, which are primarily replications of the mainstream literature with no focus on any specific characteristics of Turkey, and contextual studies, which emphasized the role of the economic, legal, or cultural background in formulating or interpreting their research. In the final section, the authors will discuss the findings of the review vis-á-vis the mainstream literature as well as practical implications and conclude with potential future research directions in the Turkish context.
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Ridvan Oruc, Tolga Baklacioglu, Onder Turan and Hakan Aydin
The purpose of this paper is to create models that predict exergetic sustainability index (ESI) and environmental effect factor (EEF) values with high accuracy according to…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to create models that predict exergetic sustainability index (ESI) and environmental effect factor (EEF) values with high accuracy according to various engine parameters.
Design/methodology/approach
In this study, models were created to estimate ESI and EEF sustainability parameters in various flight phases for a business jet with a turboprop engine using the cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) method. The database used for modeling includes the various engine parameters (torque, engine airflow, gas generator speed, fuel mass flow, power and air-fuel ratio) obtained by running a business aircraft engine more than once at different settings and the actual ESI and EEF values obtained depending on these parameters. In addition, sensitivity analysis was performed to measure the effect of engine parameters on the models. Finally, the effect of the CSA number of nest (n) parameter on the model accuracy was investigated.
Findings
It has been observed that the models predict ESI and EEF values with high accuracy. As a result of the sensitivity analysis, it was seen that the air-fuel ratio had a greater effect on the output parameters.
Practical implications
These models are thought to assist in the exergetic environment analysis used to find the greatest losses for turboprop business jets and identify their causes and further improve system performance. Thus, they will be a useful tool to minimize the negative impact of business jet on environmental sustainability.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study stands out in the literature because it is the first exergo-metaheuristic approach developed with CSA for business aircraft engine; moreover, the data set used consists of real values.
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The purpose of this study is to perform an exergy analysis of a turbojet engine combustor at different cycle parameters.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to perform an exergy analysis of a turbojet engine combustor at different cycle parameters.
Design/methodology/approach
Base cycle parameters have been defined for the engine, and then differentiation of the combustor exergy efficiencies and destruction rates have been evaluated by changing overall pressure ratio, combustor exit temperature and combustor pressure ratio.
Findings
For the basic engine cycle, combustor unit is found to have lowest exergy efficiency as 62.3 for the sea level static condition. Compressor turbine exhaust and whole engine exergy efficiencies have been calculated as 88.7, 96.5, 68.2 and 69.4, respectively.
Practical implications
Because of the biggest exergy, destruction is seen mainly in combustion system; effect of the combustor inlet pressure (related to the compressor design technology), pressure drop and exit temperature on the exergy efficiencies have been analyzed and combustor second law efficiency have been evaluated.
Social implications
The investigation’s purposes are highly connected with social wellness and targeted at sustainable development of the society. Practical implementation of the obtained scientific results is directed on the improving of combustor for a turbojet engines and decreasing negative influence on the environment.
Originality/value
As a result of this paper, the following are the contribution of this paper in the field of gas turbine exergy subjects: Combustor has been found as the most critical component in respect of the exergy efficiency. Therefore, the effect of the combustor main cycle parameters such as inlet pressure, combustor pressure ratio and exit temperature have been analyzed.
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Veli Yılancı and Mustafa Kırca
This study aims to investigate the effect of the tourism sector on employment in 13 Mediterranean countries. In addition, the impact of economic growth and inflation rate, which…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the effect of the tourism sector on employment in 13 Mediterranean countries. In addition, the impact of economic growth and inflation rate, which are included in the analysis as control variables, on the employment rate are investigated.
Design/methodology/approach
For this study, data from 1995 to 2018 and the ratio of the employed population, the number of international tourist arrivals, the annual growth rate of real gross domestic product (GDP) and the annual percentage change in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) were used. First, the authors investigated the relationship between variables using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds Test with Sharp and Smooth Breaks. Then, after determining the significant cointegration relationship, the long-term and short-term coefficients were also estimated.
Findings
The results show a cointegration relationship for Cyprus, Greece, Israel, Malta and Tunisia. Tourism demand has a positive effect on all these countries and economic growth positively affects the employment rate only in Greece, Israel and Tunisia. Besides, the inflation rate has a negative effect in Israel and Tunisia and a positive effect in Malta. Overall, the authors' results provide important policy suggestions, such as the training of the employees in the tourism sector should be improved to keep up with the requirements of the times.
Practical implications
The impact of the tourism sector on total employment varies from country to country. In particular, the employment creation policies of the sector need to be changed by taking technological changes into consideration.
Originality/value
Since tourism is a labor-intensive sector, tourism's impact on employment is an important research topic. However, whether this effect applies to all countries is debatable. Furthermore, the development of technology can also reduce employment in labor-intensive sectors. Therefore, this research can be regarded as important as this research addresses such a critical current issue and suggests a novel econometric method such as the ARDL Bounds Test with Sharp and Smooth Breaks.