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This paper is focused on determining the asymmetric effects of exchange rate on money demand function in Nigeria.

It employs the empirical model of Baumol–Tobin. Baumol (1952), which was founded on the opportunity and transaction cost of holding money. Monetary aggregates, M1, M2 and M3, are used for the real money balances based on the nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag bound testing procedure.

The results indicate that the positive and negative partial sum of exchange rate changes differ in magnitude and size, supporting the hypothesis of asymmetric effects of exchange rate changes on the demand for money in Nigeria.

This is the first paper to consider the new broad money aggregate (M3).

The purpose of this paper is to raise awareness of the role of Islamic endowments (awqaf) as viable mechanisms for financing poverty alleviation programmes and the value of the third sector in promoting public welfare.

Secondary sources provided the main data for the study. These were supplemented with personal discussions and observations. Narrative approach was used for analysis.

The lack of awareness about endowments (awqaf) is a barrier to harnessing their potentials in redressing socio‐economic inequities and enhancing the quality of life of the poor in Kano.

Scholars, merchants and civil society organizations will be awakened to the need to cooperate in employing the institution of awqaf reducing poverty through the provision of quality education, better health care and employment opportunities. Government will be made aware of the need to explore non‐conventional methods in tackling poverty, recognize Islamic endowments (awqaf) as viable alternatives in financing community welfare programmes and provide all necessary policy support –legal/institutional/financial – for their smooth operation.

The worth of this paper lies in drawing the attention of stakeholders, like policy makers, and the general public to the contemporary relevance of, and demand for, Islamic endowments (awqaf) in solving many of the socio‐economic problems excluding the poor from leading a decent life.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate built environment experts’ perception of factors affecting the building security cost for sustainable development. It examines the effects of building characteristics and protective measures on the cost of building security within the built environment.

The study uses a quantitative research technique, using questionnaires to source relevant information from respondents. Of the 333 questionnaires administered, 293 usable responses were returned, giving an 88 per cent response rate. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is used to examine the suitability of these data for factor analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) is used to extract the factors.

Components 1, 2 and 3 reflect concern for procurement of security devices, design process of security requirements and safety of life and property and fear of crime, respectively. The communalities represented by R2 are relatively strong across the variables. Aesthetics is significant with an R2 value of 0.71, which shows that this factor should be given due consideration when procuring building security devices. Also, height, location and use of building are significant with R2 values of 0.70, 0.63 and 0.71, respectively. These factors positively influence the building security cost and should be given due consideration when designing protective buildings.

The findings would assist in the evaluation, planning and control of the rising cost of building security.

This study serves to sensitize built environment experts, criminologists and policymakers of the design implication of protective requirements of building security.

This study provides empirical evidence that the various factors considered have an effect on the building security cost and contribute immensely towards sustainable the building security cost within the built environment.