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Article
Publication date: 21 May 2024

Joseph Vivek, Naveen Venkatesh S., Tapan K. Mahanta, Sugumaran V., M. Amarnath, Sangharatna M. Ramteke and Max Marian

This study aims to explore the integration of machine learning (ML) in tribology to optimize lubrication interval decisions, aiming to enhance equipment lifespan and operational…

116

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to explore the integration of machine learning (ML) in tribology to optimize lubrication interval decisions, aiming to enhance equipment lifespan and operational efficiency through wear image analysis.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a data set of scanning electron microscopy images from an internal combustion engine, the authors used AlexNet as the feature extraction algorithm and the J48 decision tree algorithm for feature selection and compared 15 ML classifiers from the lazy-, Bayes and tree-based families.

Findings

From the analyzed ML classifiers, instance-based k-nearest neighbor emerged as the optimal algorithm with a 95% classification accuracy against testing data. This surpassed individually trained convolutional neural networks’ (CNNs) and closely approached ensemble deep learning (DL) techniques’ accuracy.

Originality/value

The proposed approach simplifies the process, enhances efficiency and improves interpretability compared to more complex CNNs and ensemble DL techniques.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 76 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

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Article
Publication date: 18 October 2018

Subhamita Chakraborty, Prasun Das, Naveen Kumar Kaveti, Partha Protim Chattopadhyay and Shubhabrata Datta

The purpose of this paper is to incorporate prior knowledge in the artificial neural network (ANN) model for the prediction of continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagram of…

129

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to incorporate prior knowledge in the artificial neural network (ANN) model for the prediction of continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagram of steel, so that the model predictions become valid from materials engineering point of view.

Design/methodology/approach

Genetic algorithm (GA) is used in different ways for incorporating system knowledge during training the ANN. In case of training, the ANN in multi-objective optimization mode, with prediction error minimization as one objective and the system knowledge incorporation as the other, the generated Pareto solutions are different ANN models with better performance in at least one objective. To choose a single model for the prediction of steel transformation, different multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) concepts are employed. To avoid the problem of choosing a single model from the non-dominated Pareto solutions, the training scheme also converted into a single objective optimization problem.

Findings

The prediction results of the models trained in multi and single objective optimization schemes are compared. It is seen that though conversion of the problem to a single objective optimization problem reduces the complexity, the models trained using multi-objective optimization are found to be better for predicting metallurgically justifiable result.

Originality/value

ANN is being used extensively in the complex materials systems like steel. Several works have been done to develop ANN models for the prediction of CCT diagram. But the present work proposes some methods to overcome the inherent problem of data-driven model, and make the prediction viable from the system knowledge.

Details

Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures, vol. 15 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1573-6105

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Book part
Publication date: 10 February 2023

Ansumalini Panda, Srinivas Subbarao Pasumarti and Suvarna Hiremath

Need of the Study: Digitalisation, machine learning, and artificial intelligence (AI) is changing at a swift pace, significantly uplifting the role of information technology. The…

Abstract

Need of the Study: Digitalisation, machine learning, and artificial intelligence (AI) is changing at a swift pace, significantly uplifting the role of information technology. The present human resource (HR) aspect transpires AI-based resolution, are gradually more effective with HR process, time-consumption and a complex tasks surrounded by the HRM functionalities.

Purpose: This study attempts to investigate the adoption and diffusion of human resource management (HRM) with the phenomenon of AI-based applications. Hence, this study has emphasised the predictors of AI adoption like competitive pressure, performance expectancy, top management support, strategic partner, employee champion, etc. Moreover, how the AI predictors are connected with HR practices. The research sample focused on 207 HR managers and senior managers from various industries.

Methodology: This study is based on a quantitative research technique encompassing mean, standard deviation, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Average Variance Extracted (AVE), and Dependent Variable (DV).

Findings: The study’s empirical findings show that higher performance expectations and higher management support are both major predictors of AI adoption. In contrast, competitive pressure did not show a significant relationship with such an intention, and the ‘employee champion’ role has a negative impact on AI adoption.

Implications: AI diffusion and implementation show a significant research gap. In previous studies, adoption in HRM was overlooked. The study’s results provide a comprehensive picture of the situation. The framework and a major contribution to the study of the phenomenon in relation to its possible role in AI’s effectiveness and quality in HRM. The research inspires a debate among service providers, policy-makers, and stakeholders, and builds an efficient workplace.

Details

The Adoption and Effect of Artificial Intelligence on Human Resources Management, Part B
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80455-662-7

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Book part
Publication date: 27 November 2017

Tarek Ibrahim Eldomiaty, Islam Azzam, Mohamed Bahaa El Din, Wael Mostafa and Zahraa Mohamed

The main objective of this study is to examine whether firms follow the financing hierarchy as suggested by the Pecking Order Theory (POT). The External Funds Needed (EFN) model…

Abstract

The main objective of this study is to examine whether firms follow the financing hierarchy as suggested by the Pecking Order Theory (POT). The External Funds Needed (EFN) model offers a financing hierarchy that can be used for examining the POT. As far as the EFN considers growth of sales as a driver for changing capital structure, it follows that shall firms plan for a sustainable growth of sales, a sustainable financing can be reached and maintained. This study uses data about the firms listed in two indexes: Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA30) and NASDAQ100. The data cover quarterly periods from June 30, 1999, to March 31, 2012. The methodology includes (a) cointegration analysis in order to test for model specification and (b) causality analysis in order to show the generic and mutual associations between the components of EFN. The results conclude that (a) in the majority of the cases, firms plan for an increase in growth sales but not necessarily to approach sustainable rate; (b) in cases of observed and sustainable growth of sales, firms reduce debt financing persistently; (c) firms use equity financing to finance sustainable growth of sales in the long run only, while in the short run, firms use internal financing, that is, retained earnings as a flexible source of financing; and (d) the EFN model is quite useful for examining the hierarchy of financing. This study contributes to the related literature in terms of utilizing the properties of the EFN model in order to examine the practical aspects of the POT. These practical considerations are extended to examine the use of the POT in cases of observed and sustainable growth rates. The findings contribute to the current literature that there is a need to offer an adjustment to the financing order suggested by the POT. Equity financing is the first source of financing current and sustainable growth of sales, followed by retained earnings, and debt financing is the last resort.

Details

Growing Presence of Real Options in Global Financial Markets
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78714-838-3

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Book part
Publication date: 23 May 2024

Kriti Arya and Richa Chauhan

This chapter investigates pandemic impact in a variety of industries, including food, travel, education and pharmaceuticals, considering elements such as isolation, emotions and…

Abstract

This chapter investigates pandemic impact in a variety of industries, including food, travel, education and pharmaceuticals, considering elements such as isolation, emotions and social influences, which can lead to panic buying. The goal of this research is to ascertain how COVID-19 influences the buying decisions of customers. Additionally, the study aims to identify consumer consumption trends for a spectrum of products and services, including fast-moving consumer goods (FMCGs), entertainment, pharmaceuticals, travel and tourism. A comprehensive review of different research papers is done to conclude. The papers considered are from 2020 to 2022. Different keywords are used to search the relevant papers such as ‘pandemic’, ‘COVID-19’, ‘behaviour’, ‘impulsive’, etc. TCCM framework has been applied while reviewing the articles. During the isolation, consumer behaviour moved to panic buying and stockpiling, favouring organic basics, and encouraging e-commerce, as well as economic nationalism favouring made-in-India products. This study helps in knowing the reasons for change in consumers' behaviour for different products and services due to unforeseeable situations like COVID-19 and can find possible ways to deal with them. Business owners learn about changing consumer purchasing behaviours and how to modify products. The government can change policies to improve medical tourism and social protection.

Details

Navigating the Digital Landscape
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83549-272-7

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Book part
Publication date: 10 February 2023

Dhanashree Tharkude

Need of the Study: In an ever-changing environment, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to accelerate the business is inevitable. By introducing various advanced technologies…

Abstract

Need of the Study: In an ever-changing environment, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to accelerate the business is inevitable. By introducing various advanced technologies to improve productivity, technology users are well aware of the challenges ahead.

Purpose: This chapter aims to understand AI technology and the challenges it faces in noted domains.

Methodology: This chapter is based on secondary research, and relevant information has been gathered from various secondary sources such as research articles, newspaper articles, books, and websites. There is a considerable gap between the expected outcomes of AI and the reality of AI in human resource (HR) practice.

Findings: The study’s outcome focuses on AI challenges in human resource management (HRM) functions such as recruitment and selection, learning and development, and performance appraisal. Considering the numerous benefits, it becomes essential to understand these issues/challenges so that they can be adequately addressed.

Practical Implications: This study highlights the issues such as complexity of HR practices, organisation readiness, staff acceptability, and responsibility for AI implementation in HRM, and other related issues and proposes prudent response to these challenges that will be embraced by both employees and employers, thereby adding novelty to this research.

Details

The Adoption and Effect of Artificial Intelligence on Human Resources Management, Part B
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80455-662-7

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Article
Publication date: 15 January 2018

Qingyun Xu, Bing Xu, Ping Wang and Yi He

This paper aims to address the following problems: What are the firms’ optimal pricing and quality policies under three scenarios (no bundling, pure bundling and mixed bundling)…

672

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to address the following problems: What are the firms’ optimal pricing and quality policies under three scenarios (no bundling, pure bundling and mixed bundling)? In what condition will one bundling strategy dominate the others? How does the degree of complementarity affect the firms’ decision?

Design/methodology/approach

Using the game theory, this study first establishes three models of bundling strategies: no bundling, pure bundling and mixed bundling and then obtains the optimal prices and quality decisions. This study uses numerical analysis to explore the relationships between the prices (demands and profits) and some key parameters and to obtain some valuable management complications.

Findings

Some interesting and valuable management implications are established: regardless of the degree of complementarity, adopting a pure bundling or mixed bundling strategy is better than separately selling an individual product; a high degree of complementarity leads to reduced profit in the no bundling and mixed bundling scenarios, whereas the condition in the pure bundling strategy is the opposite; and when the degree of complementarity is adequately large, choosing pure bundling strategy is more profitable.

Research limitations/implications

On the one hand, this study does not calculate the profit sharing ratio, and hence, the equilibrium profit sharing ratio can be explored in future work. On the other hand, marketing efforts (e.g. advertising and promotion) can be included in the study.

Practical implications

This study derives the necessary conditions for the most effective bundling strategy that maximizes firm’s profits, and these conclusions can provide a decision reference to the bundling decisions of firms.

Originality/value

First, the optimal bundling strategies in a horizontal supply chain consisting of two firms is considered. Under the pure and mixed bundling strategies, the two firms sell the bundled product by building a cooperative program. Second, both the pricing policies and quality decisions of supply chain members under the different bundling strategies are studied.

Details

Kybernetes, vol. 47 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0368-492X

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Article
Publication date: 1 December 1999

Ed Chung and Eileen Fischer

Considers the pluralistic cultures which exist within a nation and outlines the history of previous research into this field. Introduces the concept of embeddedness which means…

674

Abstract

Considers the pluralistic cultures which exist within a nation and outlines the history of previous research into this field. Introduces the concept of embeddedness which means that the society within which a person lives will influence their behaviour. Discusses intracultural differences and presents some research strategies for looking at the ethnic consumer.

Details

International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, vol. 19 no. 12
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-333X

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Article
Publication date: 1 November 2022

Prateek Khanna, Reetika Sehgal, Mayank Malviya and Ashish Mohan Dubey

The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed consumer buying behavior across the world. COVID-19 crisis brought a behavioral change in consumers' attitudes toward health, financial and…

328

Abstract

Purpose

The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed consumer buying behavior across the world. COVID-19 crisis brought a behavioral change in consumers' attitudes toward health, financial and social well-being. The current research work highlights the factors influencing consumer buying behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic considering saving and safety perspectives.

Design/methodology/approach

This study attempts to understand the gap in buying behavior with reference to saving and safety. Survey-based study was conducted during the second phase of COVID-19, and the respondents were those who lived in highly affected COVID cities in India. Exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were carried out for testing the hypotheses.

Findings

Seven factors became the prominent factors in consumer buying patterns during the pandemic. Consumers in the times of COVID-19 pandemic spend only on essential items as compared to nice-to-have and non-essential items.

Research limitations/implications

Respondents considered in the research were millennials aged 25–40. The current research is limited to specific geographic location.

Practical implications

The study assessed how savings and safety influence consumer buying behavior. The 2S framework model for consumer buying behavior during pandemic has been developed. The findings of the study provides a road map to the companies, policy makers, managers and consumers in understanding the consumer buying behavior during pandemic.

Originality/value

The current research work observe the changes in the behavioral patterns of consumers in the context of 2S framework, i.e. saving and safety. This study offer novel contribution as there is no available literature that examined the saving and safety aspects together for consumer buying behavior during crisis.

Details

Benchmarking: An International Journal, vol. 30 no. 9
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1463-5771

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Article
Publication date: 12 February 2018

Sreekanth Nair, Aarti Jagannathan, Suresh Kudumallige, Channaveerachari Naveen Kumar and Jagadisha Thirthalli

Micro-finance self-help groups empower caregivers to indulge in productive activities based on the local availability of resources to reduce their financial burden. The purpose of…

235

Abstract

Purpose

Micro-finance self-help groups empower caregivers to indulge in productive activities based on the local availability of resources to reduce their financial burden. The purpose of this paper is to assess the need for and feasibility of initiating micro-finance groups for the caregivers of persons with mental disability in a rural socio-economically backward community of Karnataka, India.

Design/methodology/approach

The design of the study was a cross-sectional survey, with mixed methodology design out of the eight localities where the Mental Health Public Health Centres (PHC) were running successfully in Konandur area, Thirthahalli Taluk, Karnataka, one PHC was selected using simple Random Sampling Design and a 5 kms radius from Konandur town was selected as the area of the survey (190 households). During door-to-door survey, if the family indicated that a particular member is mentally unwell, the GHQ-5 and Symptoms and Others checklist were administered on him/her and the women caregiver was interviewed using qualitative needs assessment schedule and Perceived Social Support Scale.

Findings

Ten persons/households with mental illness (5.26 per cent) were identified in the community. Themes of financial needs, capacity of the caregiver, community resources, need for the microfinance self-help groups, informational needs, social support, burn out, and stigma elicited in the interview were depicted in the form of a conceptual framework to understand the inter-connectedness between the various themes.

Research limitations/implications

This study is the first initiative in the field of micro-finance self-help groups for the persons with mental illness and families. The design of the study was a cross-sectional survey, which is found globally to be the most suited in conducting prevalence studies, as it provides accurate results for future studies as well as it is the first step to obtain accurate baseline values to later plan a prospective follow up study. The study used mixed methodology design. Though the sample size was small, the information collected from the participants in qualitative and quantitative method was triangulated and conceptual frameworks were developed. As this study is one of the first of its kind in the country, the results of this study from the stated sample can be considered as an important pilot for future longitudinal and cross-sectional studies to be planned in the community.

Originality/value

There is hardly any scientific literature which talks about the need for Micro-finance self-help groups for Persons with Disability, especially with person with mental disability. In order to initiate any Micro-finance SHG activities, it is essential to first undertake the need for and feasibility of initiating such micro-finance group activities in any given area. This study will be an important milestone in initiating any self-help group activity for caregivers of persons with mental disability, as it would help us understand the financial needs of the community, based on which a draft proposal to initiate micro-finance self-help group activities can be drawn up.

Details

Mental Health and Social Inclusion, vol. 22 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2042-8308

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