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This study aims to explore and evaluate how sociodemographic, psychographic and situational factors jointly determine the satisfaction and expenditure of sports tourists, two key variables for the sustainability and development of sport tourism.

To meet the objective of the study, structural equation modelling was applied to data collected through a face-to-face survey of 520 sports tourists practising outdoor sports in the Valle del Jerte region (Cáceres, Spain) during the months of March and April 2024.

The findings revealed that older and higher income tourists experienced higher levels of satisfaction with sporting activities. Specifically, young women with a high educational and economic level were found to have the highest expenditure in the sports destination. Furthermore, it was confirmed that authenticity, distance and water sports activities had a positive impact on visitor satisfaction, and that tourist expenditure was influenced by local connection and all sociodemographic and situational factors considered.

This analysis contributes to the sport tourism literature by combining factors of different typologies into a single model and by incorporating expenditure behaviour as a dependent variable and the type of sport activity variable as a situational factor affecting expenditure. This approach expands existing knowledge by providing a more comprehensive view of the effect of sociodemographic, psychographic and situational factors on sport tourism, allowing destination managers to design effective strategies that optimise the satisfaction and expenditure of sports tourists.

本研究旨在探讨和评估社会人口、心理和情境因素如何共同决定体育游客的满意度和消费, 这是体育旅游可持续发展的两个关键变量。

为实现研究目标, 我们采用结构方程模型（SEM）对 2024 年 3 月至 4 月期间在 Valle del Jerte 地区（西班牙卡塞雷斯）从事户外运动的 520 名体育游客进行了面对面调查。

结果显示, 收入较高的老年游客对体育活动的满意度较高。特别是, 教育和经济水平较高的年轻女性在体育目的地的消费最高。此外, 研究还证实, 真实性、距离和水上运动活动对游客满意度有积极影响, 而游客消费则受当地关联性以及所有社会人口和情景因素的影响。

这项分析将不同类型的因素整合到一个模型中, 并将消费行为作为因变量, 将体育活动类型作为影响消费的情景因素, 从而为体育旅游文献做出了贡献。这种方法能更全面地了解社会人口、心理和情境因素对体育旅游的影响, 从而扩展现有知识, 使目的地管理者能够设计有效的战略, 优化体育游客的满意度和消费。

Este estudio busca explorar y evaluar cómo los factores sociodemográficos, psicográficos y situacionales determinan conjuntamente la satisfacción y el gasto de los turistas deportivos, dos variables clave para la sostenibilidad y el desarrollo del turismo deportivo.

Para cumplir con el objetivo del estudio, se aplicó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) a los datos recabados a través de una encuesta presencial a 520 turistas deportivos que practicaban deportes al aire libre en la comarca del Valle del Jerte (Cáceres, España) durante los meses de marzo y abril de 2024.

Los resultados revelaron que los turistas de mayor edad y con ingresos más elevados experimentaban mayores niveles de satisfacción con las actividades deportivas. En concreto, se observó que las mujeres jóvenes con un nivel educativo y económico alto eran las que más gastaban en el destino deportivo. Además, se confirmó que la autenticidad, la distancia y las actividades deportivas acuáticas influían positivamente en la satisfacción de los visitantes y que el gasto de los turistas estaba influenciado por la conexión local y por todos los factores sociodemográficos y situacionales considerados.

Este análisis contribuye a la literatura sobre turismo deportivo al combinar factores de diferentes tipologías en un único modelo y al incorporar el comportamiento de gasto como variable dependiente y la variable tipo de actividad deportiva como factor situacional que incide en el gasto. Este enfoque amplía el conocimiento existente al ofrecer una visión más completa del efecto de los factores sociodemográficos, psicográficos y situacionales en el turismo deportivo, lo que permite a los gestores de destinos diseñar estrategias eficaces que optimicen la satisfacción y el gasto de los turistas deportivos.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze medium‐term risks faced by electrical generation companies in competitive environments. Market risks faced by generation companies are caused by several variables subject to uncertainty. Hydro conditions, fuel (coal and natural gas) prices, system demand, and CO₂ emission price are the risk factors considered in the paper. Taking into account these risk factors, generation companies have to take decisions that would affect their economic results and their risk exposure.

This paper proposes a methodology to support the risk‐analysis decision‐making process. Firstly, different scenarios of risk factors are generated. Then, a market equilibrium model is used in order to assess the impact of the different sources of uncertainty. Finally, decision trees are used in order to analyze the variables subject to interest, such as electricity prices or companies' profits.

The proposed methodology can be enhanced to take into account scenarios of more risk factors, such as equipment failure or agents' behavior. Another future enhancement could be a detailed study of correlation between different risk factors.

A realistic case study is presented, showing the advantages of these techniques for medium‐term risk‐analysis and decision‐making processes. Several decision trees have been generated to assess the impact of the different risk factors in electricity prices and companies' profits. These decision trees provide valuable information for companies when facing their risk‐management process.

The approach presented here constitutes a valuable support to gain useful information for wise decision making and to hedge against risk.

The aim of the study presented in this paper is to investigate the interrelationships among technologies in retail, webrooming and showrooming purchase intentions and customer experience.

The study was conducted in the fashion industry in three fashion groups: LPP, CCC and Inditex, which declare to use omnichannel solutions in their supply chains. The study focusses on 825 customers drawn from the emerging market in Poland. The research follows the partial least squares path model procedure.

Based on the study, it was concluded that out-store technologies are positively associated with omnichannel purchase intentions and also positively associated with cognitive and affective customer experience. This study proves that the boundary between traditional and online stores is beginning to blur, and thanks to new technologies, customers can experience traditional shopping resembling online shopping, and vice-versa.

Although the results provide several major contributions to theory and implications for practitioners, the study still demonstrates some methodological constraints. More specifically, although the study employs a relatively large research sample of 825 shoppers, it still focusses only on a selected group of customers in three fashion groups, LPP, CCC and Inditex, and is limited to investigating a particular type of customer experience solely in the fashion industry.

The results of this study not only verify the theoretical concepts and assumptions of technologies supporting omnichannel retail but also offer a practical roadmap for creating omnichannel solutions providing the best customer experience.

The experiences are the basis of the tourist sector and the creation of unique and unforgettable ones allows the differentiation from the competition. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of the experience when visiting a zoo on our emotions and how they influence our (positive and/or negative) behaviors and to investigate whether an innovation (gamification programs) could be used to intensify the relations proposed.

The authors collected the experiences lived by 242 visitors in BIOPARC Valencia (a zoological park). Two subsamples were identified: 166 insatiable tourists who expressed that the gamification would complete their experience, and 76 conventional tourists who indicated that the current experience did not need any kind of improvement.

The results show that some of the proposed relationships are more tenuous among the insatiable visitors, defenders of gamification, which allows the authors to verify the possibilities offered by gamification.

First, although the impact of experiential modules on emotions and behaviors has already been investigated, as far as behavioral effects are concerned, the difference between positive behaviors (loyalty) and negative behaviors (complaints and claims) has not been addressed. Second, the relationship between both types of behaviors (positive and negative) in this sector has not been studied to date. Finally, although the literature recognizes the impact of technology and its importance as an instrument of experiential marketing, its empirical exploration remains uninvestigated. Indeed, to date, the willingness of consumers to adopt gamified strategies to improve their tourism experiences has not been investigated.