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The removal of Ismative SHR blue (reactive dye) using a very cheap cement factory waste called by‐pass kiln dust has been investigated in batch mode. The effects of initial dye solution concentration, particle size, agitation rate, amount of by‐pass kiln dust, and dye solution temperature were studied. A 95.5 per cent removal was achieved. Some pretreatment of by‐pass kiln dust, such as washing by distilled water or rinsing with HCL solution, has been done. By using the washed by‐pass kiln dust the values of total dissolved solids, alkalinity, and efficiency of colour removal were reduced. A very rapid irreversible chemical reaction may occur in addition to the adsorption process. Ferric chloride was used as a coagulant after settling to complete the separation of the dust from the clear solution. A removal of 96 per cent from the initial colour of the industrial coloured wastewater was achieved.

The objective of this work is studying the use of chemicals to enhance primary treatment in municipal wastewater treatment plants, thereby reducing the cost of the secondary treatment stage. Jar tests using chemicals, polymers and sea water have been conducted to determine the best performing chemicals, alone and in combinations. The process performance parameters studied were pH, type and dosage of coagulant, mixing intensity, detention time, settling time and addition of coagulant aid. The efficiency of the process has been measured as percentage removals in COD, TSS, turbidity, settleable matter and removals of heavy metals. The results proved the improvement of removal efficiencies.