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Publication date: 1 April 1930

“Metal Spraying. The Origin, Development, and Applications of the Metal‐Spray Process.”. By T. Henry Turner and N. F. Budgen. [Charles Griffin & Co., London, 1926.] [This book was…

31

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“Metal Spraying. The Origin, Development, and Applications of the Metal‐Spray Process.”. By T. Henry Turner and N. F. Budgen. [Charles Griffin & Co., London, 1926.] [This book was referred to in a letter to the Editor printed on page 15 of our January issue. Although it was published nearly four years ago, in view of the present interest in the subject we think it not too late to bring it to the notice of our readers.—EDITOR.]

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Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 2 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-2667

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Article
Publication date: 1 August 1934

N.F. Budgen

ALUMINIUM in various forms is used very considerably in the aeronautical industry—even so far back as the end of the war it was computed that in the year 1918 the allied…

60

Abstract

ALUMINIUM in various forms is used very considerably in the aeronautical industry—even so far back as the end of the war it was computed that in the year 1918 the allied governments employed about 90,000 tons of aluminium and its alloys in aero construction. And it must not be overlooked that it is largely due to the special properties of these materials that the present amazing development of aircraft has become possible.

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Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 6 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-2667

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Publication date: 1 June 1932

AFTER more than thirty‐three years THE LIBRARY WORLD appears in a new and, we hope our readers will agree, more attractive form. In making such a change the oldest of the…

27

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AFTER more than thirty‐three years THE LIBRARY WORLD appears in a new and, we hope our readers will agree, more attractive form. In making such a change the oldest of the independent British library journals is only following the precedent of practically all its contemporaries. The new age is impatient with long‐standing patterns in typography and in page sizes, and all crafts progress by such experiments as we are making. Our new form lends itself better than the old to illustration; we have selected a paper designed for that purpose, and illustrated articles will therefore be a feature of our issues. We shall continue as in the past to urge progress in every department of the library field by the admission of any matter which seems to have living interest for the body of librarians.

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New Library World, vol. 35 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0307-4803

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1930

A.K. Toulmin Smith and H.N. Green

TO enable aircraft to compete with other forms of transport, on a commercial basis, it is essential that services should be run during the hours of darkness. With this end in view…

48

Abstract

TO enable aircraft to compete with other forms of transport, on a commercial basis, it is essential that services should be run during the hours of darkness. With this end in view the development of night flying facilities has received considerable attention in recent years, and it has been conclusively proved that, when multi‐engined machines are flown over an adequately lighted airway, night flying is both safe and reliable. In the United States, where aircraft are extensively used for carrying mails, more than 15,000 miles are flown every night under all conditions of weather.

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Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 2 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-2667

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Article
Publication date: 1 August 1932

WHEN they decided to modernise their fleet of aeroplanes, the directors of Imperial Airways, Ltd decided on a bold policy of placing orders with two firms to build a series of…

27

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WHEN they decided to modernise their fleet of aeroplanes, the directors of Imperial Airways, Ltd decided on a bold policy of placing orders with two firms to build a series of machines each to their specification without waiting for trials with the first of each type before ordering subsequent aircraft. This decision has been amply justified in the results. The Handley‐Page 42 has shown itself to be one of the most comfortable and sound proof aeroplanes in the world, while the Armstrong‐Whitworth A.W.XV, the first of which has recently appeared, is most attractive in appearance and appears equally so in performance.

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Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 4 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-2667

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Article
Publication date: 1 June 1933

A.W. Morley

A PRECISE value cannot be given to the anti‐detonation property of a fuel unless very exact conditions of test are specified. A method of rating is required which will apply with…

30

Abstract

A PRECISE value cannot be given to the anti‐detonation property of a fuel unless very exact conditions of test are specified. A method of rating is required which will apply with sufficient accuracy to aero‐engines. Some aspects of the problem are discussed below.

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Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 5 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-2667

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1969

Factors which influence consumer spending, among the most sought after in any field of market research, things people buy and why, is valuable data on which much industrial…

286

Abstract

Factors which influence consumer spending, among the most sought after in any field of market research, things people buy and why, is valuable data on which much industrial planning, advertising techniques and marketing is based, but in no other field of trade is consumer preference so closely related to pure economics, i.e., value received in money terms, as in food. With most other commodities, from clothes to cars, hair‐do's to houses, factors affecting consumer choice have different results; appearance, aesthetic quality and neighbourly competition, all play a part, though appearance in a few foods is not entirely without significance, e.g., white bread. Present high levels of consumer spending are said by politicians to be a danger to the country's economy; a more prosaic thought would be that Government spending, or squandering, constituted the greater threat. In the main, factors which influence household food expenditure are essentially down to earth—palatability, digestibility, keeping quality and how far a food will go in the preparation of meals, its value in money terms. The king‐pin in all market research on food must be the woman of the house; it is her laying out of the household purse that determines the amount of food expenditure and the varieties purchased week by week. A housewife's choice, however, is a complex of her family's likes and dislikes, rarely her own, and also determined by the amount allocated from her purse for this part of the household budget and the number of mouths she has to feed. Any tendency to experiment, to extend the variety of food, is only possible with a well‐filled purse; with a large family, a common complaint is of monotony in the diet. A factor of immense importance nowadays is whether the housewife is employed or not, and whether whole‐time or part‐time, and which part of the day she can be in her own home. To this may be attributed, as much as anything, the rise in consumption of convenience foods. Fortunately for the purposes of reasonable accuracy in the results of enquiries, housewives form a class, reliable and steady, unlikely to be contaminated by the palsied opinions of the so‐called lunatic fringe in this unquiet age. Any differences in food choice are likely to be regional, and settled dietary habits, passed on from one generation to another. Statistics from the National Food Surveys show the extent of these, and also consumer preferences as far as food commodity groups are concerned. The Surveys have been running long enough to show something of consumer trends but, of course, they do not exhibit reasons—why consumers buy and use certain foods, their attitudes to food marketing practices, and, in particular, to advertising. Advertising claims, misleading undoubtedly but within the law, have long been a source of controversy between those who worship at the shrine of truth and others less particular. Elsewhere, we review a special study of consumer reactions to aspects of the grocery trade in the U.S.A., and note that 32 per cent do not accept advertisements as being true, but 85 per cent find them interesting and informative. Advertising practices are probably subject to less statutory control in the United States than here, and the descriptions and verbiage certainly reach greater heights of absurdity, but the British housewife is likely to be no more discerning, able “to read between the lines”, than her counterpart in that country. A major difference, however, is that in Britain, more houswives prepare and cook meals for their families than in the United States. The greatest importance of advertising is in the introductory phase of a commodity; new and more vigorous advertising is necessary later to delay the onset of the decline phase of the commodity's life cycle; to ensure that sales can be maintained to prevent rises in supply costs. Advertising helps considerably in the acceptance of a branded food, but housewives tend to ignore cut‐throat competition between rival brands, and what weans a consumer from a brand is not competition in advertising, nor even new and more attractive presentation, but reduction in real price. The main pre‐occupation of the woman of the house is food adequacy, and especially that her children will have what she considers conforms to a nutritious diet, without argument or rebellion on the part of her progeny and without distinction. She knows that bulk foods, carbohydrates, are not necessarily nutritious, although her ideas of which foods contain vitamins or minerals or other important nutrient factors tends to be hazy. She does not pretend to enjoy shopping for food and therefore tends to follow a routine; it saves time and worry. Especially is this so with young married women, who may have to take small children along. Each housewife has her own mental standard of assessing “value”, and would have difficulty in defining it. Nutritional value forms part of it, however, in most women, who connote their food provision with health. The greatest concern is not necessarily positive health, but prevention or reduction of obesity, which is seen among adult members of the family, especially growing girls, as an adverse effect on their appearance, and the types of clothes they can wear. A few of the more intelligent families have an indefinable fear of ischaemic heart disease and its relation to food. When they take positive steps to control the diet for these purposes, they are quite frequently in the wrong direction and rather confused even when this is done on medical advice.

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British Food Journal, vol. 71 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

Abstract

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Knowledge Translation
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80382-889-3

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Article
Publication date: 1 June 1969

The statement of the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, coming so quickly after the ban on the use of cyclamates in food and drink in the United States, indicates that…

101

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The statement of the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, coming so quickly after the ban on the use of cyclamates in food and drink in the United States, indicates that the new evidence of carcinogenesis in animals, placed at the disposal of the authorities by the U.S. F.D.A., has been accepted; at least, until the results of investigations being carried out in this country are available. The evidence was as new to the U.S. authorities as to our own and in the light of it, they could no longer regard the substances as in the GRAS class of food additives. It is, of course, right that any substance of which there is the slightest doubt should be removed from use; not as the result of food neuroses and health scares, but only on the basis of scientific evidence, however remote the connection. It is also right that there should always be power of selection by consumers avoidance is usually possible with other things known to be harmful, such as smoking and alcohol; in other cases, especially with chemical additives to food and drink, there must be pre‐knowledge, so that those who do not wish to consume food or drink containing such additives can ascertain from labelling those commodities which contain them.

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British Food Journal, vol. 71 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 1977

The British countryman is a well‐known figure; his rugged, obstinate nature, unyielding and tough; his part in the development of the nation, its history, not confined to the…

363

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The British countryman is a well‐known figure; his rugged, obstinate nature, unyielding and tough; his part in the development of the nation, its history, not confined to the valley meadows and pastures and uplands, but nobly played in battles and campaigns of long ago. His “better half”—a term as true of yeoman stock as of any other—is less well known. She is as important a part of country life as her spouse; in some fields, her contribution has been even greater. He may grow the food, but she is the provider of meals, dishes, specialties, the innovating genius to whom most if not all British food products, mostly with regional names and now well‐placed in the advertising armentarium of massive food manufacturers, are due. A few of them are centuries old. Nor does she lack the business acumen of her man; hens, ducks, geese, their eggs, cut flowers, the produce of the kitchen garden, she may do a brisk trade in these at the gate or back door. The recent astronomical price of potatoes brought her a handsome bonus. If the basic needs of the French national dietary are due to the genius of the chef de cuisine, much of the British diet is due to that of the countrywoman.

Details

British Food Journal, vol. 79 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

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