R. Usop, Z.H.Z Abidin, N.A. Mazni, A.N. Hadi, N.A. Halim, R.M. Taha, M.A. Careem, S.R. Majid and A.K. Arof
This paper aims to study the colour stability of chlorophyll and the effect of copper (II) nitrate – Cu(NO3)2 – as an additive in natural dye coating films after being exposed to…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to study the colour stability of chlorophyll and the effect of copper (II) nitrate – Cu(NO3)2 – as an additive in natural dye coating films after being exposed to ultraviolet-A (UV-A).
Design/methodology/approach
The natural dye was extracted from the leaves of Cassia alata L. using absolute ethanol as the solvent. The extract was divided into two parts and, one of it was added with 3 wt.% Cu(NO3)2 as an additive. The polymer blend of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and acrylic polyol was used as the coating binder. Both parts of the dye with and without additive were mixed with the blended polymer in a specific ratio. The resulted mixtures were applied as coating films on glass substrates. The colour stability of the coating films on exposure to UV-A with the time of exposure was observed with Commission internationale de l’éclairage (CIE) L*a*b* colour coordinates. The hidden power by the means of reflectivity and glossiness of the coatings was also studied. Statistical standard deviation (STD) was used to analyse the data.
Findings
The test showed that the coating films containing Cu(NO3)2 had smaller colour differences, (ΔE*) indicating higher colour stability. The analysis on hidden power also showed that the coating film with Cu(NO3)2 was 1.6 times more stable than the film without additive. All the measurements in this study were observed within 35 days of duration.
Research limitations/implications
This paper implies the potential of using natural dye extracted from Cassia alata L. leaves as a stable dye colourant for coating applications.
Practical implications
The coating film developed in this study is suitable for glass substrate applications.
Originality/value
A new method of preparing solvent-based coating film from PMMA–acrylic polyol with chlorophyll colourant is introduced in this study.
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L. Sulaiman, Z.H.Z. Abidin, S.A.M. Yunus, N.A. Mazni, A.N. Hadi, A.K. Arof and K. Simarani
This paper aims to discuss about the benefits of Cu(NO3)2 applied in coating paint film that consists of plant extract from Cassia Alata. Cu(NO3)2 has been added to the coating…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to discuss about the benefits of Cu(NO3)2 applied in coating paint film that consists of plant extract from Cassia Alata. Cu(NO3)2 has been added to the coating paint film as a colour stabilizer and as an antifungal property by forming a zone of inhibition towards fungal growth.
Design/methodology/approach
The coating paint film resin consists of a mixture of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and acrylic polyol. The coating paint film’s performances were observed in terms of visible optical and physical appearance.
Findings
When exposed to the fungus Trichoderma Sp., a zone of inhibition of 208 mm2 was formed around the coating paint film and therefore it gave the coating paint films an antifungal property. The commission internationale de l’éclairage (CIE) L*a*b* colour coordinate system was used to identify the colour changes in the coating paint film and it was found that the addition of Cu(NO3)2 to the coating paint film has a better colour stability, as it has a lower standard deviation (STD) value of 6.46 than the pure dye coating paint film of 8.95. The gloss of coating paint film with the addition of Cu(NO3)2 was found to be have a more stable gloss based on its smaller STD value at both angles taken at 20° and 60°.
Research limitations/implications
The Cassia Alata plant has different amount of antifungal properties based on location its growth.
Practical implications
The coating paint film developed in this study is suitable for indoor applications.
Originality/value
The plant extract from the Cassia Alata gives the coating paint film an antifungal property.
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Keywords
R. Usop, L. Sulaiman, N.A. Mazni, N.S.A. Manah, N. Anuar, A.K. Arof and Z.H.Z. Abidin
The purpose of this paper is to study the colour stability and water content resistivity of the green colour coating paint film (consisting of chlorophyll) during exposure to…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the colour stability and water content resistivity of the green colour coating paint film (consisting of chlorophyll) during exposure to ultraviolet A (UV-A).
Design/methodology/approach
The natural green dye was prepared by immersing Cassia alata L. leaves in absolute ethanol. The extract was prepared in two batches of dye samples where one of it was a pure dye and the other was added with 3 Wt. % Cu(NO3)2 as an additive. Polymer blend as a binder was prepared by mixing poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and commercial acrylic polyol. The blended polymer was mixed with the natural dye in a specific ratio and applied as coating paint film on glass panel surfaces. The visible spectrum stability (colour stability) and water content resistivity of the coating paint films during exposure to UV-A were monitored.
Findings
Addition of Cu(NO3)2 had improved the colour stability of the coating paint film. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that both coating paint films do not absorb water and are resistive to water content.
Research limitations/implications
The ability of Cu(NO3)2 as an colour stability additive to the natural green dye applied in the coating paint film.
Practical implications
The coating paint film developed in this work is suitable to be applied on glass substrates.
Originality/value
The colour stability of the coating paint film was analysed by using the reflectance spectrum.
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Z.H.Z. Abidin, N.S.A. Manah, A.N. Hadi, N.S. Saugi, F.A. Fuad, N.A. Mazni, H.C. Hassan, M.A. Careem and A.K. Arof
This paper aims to focus on a comparison study of the visible stability of natural blue dye consisting anthocyanin molecules extracted from Clitoria ternatea in coating films.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to focus on a comparison study of the visible stability of natural blue dye consisting anthocyanin molecules extracted from Clitoria ternatea in coating films.
Design/methodology/approach
The coating films were prepared by mixing the blue dye with poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) in three different weight ratios. Samples were coded as 10PBA, 15PBA and 20PBA, where PBA is the abbreviation for poly acrylamide-co-acrylic acid, blue dyes and anthocyanin. The number at the beginning of each code represents the weight percentage of poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) to natural blue dye. The mixtures were applied on separate glass substrates to form coating films. Another set of samples were prepared for the comparison study with a commercial acrylic clear coat (cc) applied on the surface of the 10PBA, 15PBA and 20PBA coating films. These coating films were coded 10PBAcc, 15PBAcc and 20PBAcc. The purpose of the clear coat is to observe how it affects the colour stability of the blue coating films with respect to time. All samples were exposed to the ultraviolet (UV) source, an 18 W Philips TL-D 18w/830 UV fluorescent lamp. The UV lamp was placed 15 cm above the surface of the samples for 35 days. The colour of the coatings was measured using CIE L*a*b* colour space coordinate.
Findings
The results obtained show 10PBA and 10PBAcc have the highest colour stability after 35 days of exposure to UV light. The reflectivity of the coating films was also measured during exposure to UV lamp. Reflectivity measurements also showed that 10PBA and 10PBAcc coating films had the highest reflective stabilities.
Research limitations/implications
The potential of using natural blue dye consisting anthocyanin in coating film to obtain high colour stability.
Practical implications
The coating film developed in this work is suitable to be applied on glass substrates.
Originality/value
The application of anthocyanin dye extracted from the Clitoria ternatea L. as a colourant in coating films
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Keywords
S.V. Lee, A.N. Hadi, Z.H.Z. Zainal Abidin, N.A. Mazni, N.A. Halim, R. Usop, H.C. Hassan, S.R. Majid and A.K. Arof
The purpose of this paper is to observe the colour and thermal stability of natural red dye consisting of anthocyanin with addition of different aqueous acids and applied as…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to observe the colour and thermal stability of natural red dye consisting of anthocyanin with addition of different aqueous acids and applied as coating films.
Design/methodology/approach
The natural red dye was extracted from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (roselle) flowers and mixed with 1 per cent hydrochloric acid, 5 per cent acetic acid, 5 per cent citric acid and 5 per cent oxalic acid. All the dye samples were exposed to heat and UV-B to observe the colour stability by calculating the half-life and rate of reaction. In coating film application, each of the dye samples was mixed with 25 wt% of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and applied on to a glass substrate. The coating samples’ colour stability was observed by using CIE L*a*b* colour space coordinates. The coating films’ weight loss stability against temperature was observed by using thermogravimetric analysis.
Findings
Addition of hydrochloric acid enhances the thermal and UV stability of the anthocyanin natural dye. This can be observed from the calculation of the half-life of the dye. The half-life values for the thermal and UV stability studies were 1,155 hours and 210 hours, respectively. In coating films, the sample with addition of acetic acid showed the highest colour stability with colour difference (ΔE*) value 8.95.
Research limitations/implications
The coating films developed in this work are not suitable to be applied on metal substrates due to the presence of water, which can contribute to the corrosion formation.
Practical implications
The coating films developed in this work are suitable for washable coating application. In other words, they are non-permanent coatings applied on a glass substrate.
Originality/value
Development of water-based coatings from PVA binder with anthocyanin colourant is introduced in this study.
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S.V. Lee, R. Usop, A.N. Hadi, N.A. Mazni, S.R. Majid, A.K. Arof, N.A. Halim and Z.H.Z. Abidin
The purpose of this paper is to observe the thermal and colour stabilities of coating films consisting of natural dye anthocyanin colourant with acid and nitrate salt as…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to observe the thermal and colour stabilities of coating films consisting of natural dye anthocyanin colourant with acid and nitrate salt as additives.
Design/methodology/approach
The natural dye was extracted from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Roselle) by using distilled water as solvent. The extracted dye was mixed with 1 weight per cent hydrochloric acid and 5 weight per cent calcium nitrate to conduct the comparison study. The dye samples were than mixed with poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The mixtures were applied on glass panels to form coating films. The coating films were left to dry for 24 hours. The thermal stability of coating films was investigated by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The amorphousness coating films molecular structures were observed by using x-ray diffraction (XRD). CIE L*a*b* colour coordinate space technique was used to investigate the coating films colour stability against ultraviolet (UV).
Findings
The results show that addition of hydrochloric acid (HCl acid) enhanced thermal stability of PVA-anthocyanin coating and shifted the degradation temperature to higher temperature at 300°C. HCl acid also improved UV stability of the coating system significantly with the reduced ΔE from 26.67 to 16.89. Addition of calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2) salt promotes good interaction with PVA-anthocyanin system that caused structural changes, improved thermal stability and increased Tg from 61.5 to 83.1°C.
Research limitations/implications
The potential of using natural dye extracted from plant as renewable material.
Practical implications
The coating films developed in this works are suitable for glass substrate application.
Originality/value
Development of water-based coating from PVA binder with anthocyanin colourant is introduced in this study.
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Farzana Quoquab and Jihad Mohammad
This chapter focuses on discussing the Malaysian government's ‘No Plastic Bag Day’ campaign. This is due to the fact that consumers are accustomed to use plastic bag in their…
Abstract
This chapter focuses on discussing the Malaysian government's ‘No Plastic Bag Day’ campaign. This is due to the fact that consumers are accustomed to use plastic bag in their daily life activities. However, considering the hazardous impact on the environment, the government has banned the use of plastic bag in most of the states. While many consumers accepted this new rule whole-heartedly, many are still struggling to adopt it. This chapter highlights its journey of implementation and challenges pertaining to this sustainability marketing campaign in Malaysia.
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Mazni Abdullah and Noor Sharoja Sapiei
The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of religiosity, gender and Islamic educational background of Muslims on zakat compliance. It also aims to identify which…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of religiosity, gender and Islamic educational background of Muslims on zakat compliance. It also aims to identify which dimensions of religiosity are significantly related to zakat compliance.
Design/methodology/approach
The study uses a self-administered questionnaire that was distributed to working Muslims individuals in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Analysis of the data was based on 690 usable questionnaires.
Findings
The findings show that religiosity had a significant influence on zakat compliance and three dimensions of religiosity, namely obligation, virtues and vices, and optional ritual, were significantly related to zakat compliance. Gender was also significantly related to zakat compliance, but in a negative direction, suggesting that Muslim working females are less compliant to zakat obligations compared to their male counterparts. It is found that formal Islamic educational background had no significant influence on zakat compliance.
Practical implications
Given the importance of zakat collection to the growth of the economy and society, the findings of this paper might provide some insights to Muslim-majority countries and zakat institutions which areas require more attention to encourage zakat payment among Muslims.
Originality/value
Compared to prior zakat studies, the findings of this study were derived from a larger sample size of Muslim working respondents. Furthermore, this study also identifies which dimensions of religiosity are significantly related to zakat compliance. Hence this study enriches the scarce literature on zakat and religiosity.
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Mohammed Lawal Danrimi, Mazni Abdullah and Ervina Alfan
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and the moderating role of national economic culture on investors’ herding…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and the moderating role of national economic culture on investors’ herding practices in the European Union (EU) equity markets.
Design/methodology/approach
The study employs and modify two extensively applied herding measures of cross-sectional standard deviation and cross-sectional absolute deviation, using stock return dispersion as a function of aggregate market return as a proxy for herding behavior. The sample period stretches from January 1, 2001 until December 31, 2015.
Findings
The study finds that mandatory IFRS adoption significantly promotes investors’ herding practice in the EU equity markets. However, taking a further look, the results suggest that the new reporting regime seems not to be the only instigator for the observed herding practice; national economic culture, particularly individualism and masculinity, contribute significantly toward investors’ herd-formation around the mandatory IFRS adoption. Overall, it can be concluded that the notion that the adoption of IFRS improves information-based trading and mitigates irrational investment behavior might totally be inaccurate in some instances. For example, in the case of herding bias, the new reporting regime appears to have promoted the phenomenon.
Research limitations/implications
The study employs an approach of herd detection, which explores evidence of herding toward the market consensus. Thus, the results do not in any way exclude the possibility that other types of herding behavior exist in the EU equity markets. Notwithstanding this caveat, the findings of this study would be of special relevance to academics, regulators and policymakers in performing a cost-benefit analysis of the IFRS adoption.
Originality/value
To the researchers’ knowledge, this study is first to explore the nexus between IFRS and investors’ herding practices, while highlighting the role of the national economic culture.
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Adedapo Oluwaseyi Ojo, Christine Nya-Ling Tan and Mazni Alias
Existing literature acknowledges the role of green human resource management (GHRM) in shaping employees’ pro-environmental behaviour and environmental performance. However…
Abstract
Purpose
Existing literature acknowledges the role of green human resource management (GHRM) in shaping employees’ pro-environmental behaviour and environmental performance. However, limited studies have investigated the specific impacts of GHRM practices on pro-environmental behaviour from the employees’ perspectives. This study aims to conceptualise GHRM practices as internal resources that can be used to stimulate employee pro-environmental information technology (IT) behaviour.
Design/methodology/approach
The hypothesised relationships were tested with the aid of partial least square path modelling of data collected from 333 IT professionals in ISO 14001 companies in Malaysia.
Findings
The results suggest that green training and development, performance management and empowerment and participation are essential in stimulating pro-environmental IT behaviour. Besides, the mediating effects of pro-environmental IT behaviour were significant for the impacts of green training and development, performance management and green empowerment and participation on environmental IT performance.
Research limitations/implications
The results indicate that GHRM practices are significant predictors of environmental IT performance, but training and development could be counter-productive to performance unless it stimulates employees’ engagement in pro-environmental behaviour.
Originality/value
This study contributes to the resource-based view of HRM by examining GHRM practices as organisational resources for stimulating employee pro-environmental IT behaviour to support environmental IT performance.