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Article
Publication date: 1 November 2006

N. Jardin

The paper seeks to review some of the main operational problems of wastewater treatment plants designed for nutrient removal. It aims to pay particular attention to bulking and…

1486

Abstract

Purpose

The paper seeks to review some of the main operational problems of wastewater treatment plants designed for nutrient removal. It aims to pay particular attention to bulking and foaming due to massive growth of filamentous organisms, failure or non‐optimal operation of secondary settling tanks, and compliance with more stringent effluent requirements.

Design/methodology/approach

The discussion of the major operational problems is based on a thorough review of the available literature and own experiences with more than 80 wastewater treatment plants.

Findings

To suppress the undesirable growth of filamentous organisms and to achieve an all‐year round stable operation of secondary settling tanks several design options for improvement have been developed based on the experience gained so far. The most desirable option for improving the operation of a single treatment plant is to a large extent site specific. Beside adopting the design procedures also operational measures are possible.

Practical implications

The paper recommends several practical options for optimising the performance of wastewater treatment plants with regard to the aforementioned problems. These recommendations are based on proved practical experience and, therefore, may act as a flexible toolbox for an individually tailored design or operation of the plant in order to avoid and/or combat the problems during operation.

Originality/value

The described options for improvement the operation are based on long lasting practical experience with large scale wastewater treatment plants. They can be used by any operator of such plants for solving some of the major problems of modern wastewater treatment plants.

Details

Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, vol. 17 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1477-7835

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Article
Publication date: 17 June 2021

Mbita Mbao and Johnnie Hamilton-Mason

The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of African community leaders, on factors that influence substance use and mental health status of Sub-Sahara African…

89

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of African community leaders, on factors that influence substance use and mental health status of Sub-Sahara African immigrants living in the northeast region of the USA.

Design/methodology/approach

A social constructionist approach to grounded theory was used to understand social life’s complexity in the African community. Data analysis consisted of initial coding and focused coding, which led to the emerging of the following mid-range theories.

Findings

The following mid-range theories are developed: the work culture of Sub-Sahara African immigrants may influence substance-use behaviors, impact treatment for mental health and contribute to interpersonal conflicts related to marriage and parenting; there may be a relationship between the culture of privacy and spirituality because the church is often a place of comfort, and many may not seek treatment for mental health for fear of losing that community; Sub-Sahara African immigrants’ mental health and substance-use behaviors are influenced by unique factors that stem from balancing living in the new culture while also preserving their unique cultural norms.

Originality/value

The analysis of perceptions of African community leaders underscored “On the go” as a metaphor for describing Sub-Sahara African immigrants.

Details

International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care, vol. 17 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1747-9894

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Article
Publication date: 1 June 2009

Daniel Reid

En 1977, les autorités municipales de Montréal ont décrété que 10% du territoire serait dorénavant zoné espaces verts. La plupart des quartiers avaient suffisamment de terrains…

36

Abstract

En 1977, les autorités municipales de Montréal ont décrété que 10% du territoire serait dorénavant zoné espaces verts. La plupart des quartiers avaient suffisamment de terrains disponibles pour respecter cette norme. A la même époque, l′administration municipale a mis en place un programme municipal de jardins communautaires.

Les jardins communautaires offrent l′opportunité aux citadins de cultiver leurs légumes et de fraterniser. À Montréal, 1.5% de la population adulte jardine dans un jardin communautaire municipal. Les jardins sont dispersés sur tout le territoire et sont facilement accessibles, soit 8200 jardinets dans 97 jardins communautaires. Dans les arrondissements les plus peuplés, il faut attendre de 1 à 3 ans sur la liste d′attente avant d′accéder à un jardinet. Le programme comporte un minimum de réglementation afin de simplifier l′activité.

En terme de coût, la contribution moyenne d′un jardinier revient à 10$/jardinet pour un lopin de terre mesurant 3m x 6m. Avant la réorganisation municipale de 2002, suite à laquelle chaque arrondissement gérait ses propres jardins communautaires (Ville de Montréal), l′investissement de la municipalité, il est d′environ 0,2% du budget du Service des sports, des loisirs et du développement social.

Le jardinage communautaire permet l′auto-production d′aliments de qualité sur des terrains gérés par la municipalité. Cette activité populaire favorise l′estime de soi et l′acquisition de nouvelles connaissances pratiques et techniques. A Montréal, les saisons de cultures sont réduites dû aux longs hivers et ne permettent qu′une récolte; ainsi, pendant les mois de récolte, cette initiative municipale allège la problématique de la sécurité alimentaire. Le programme des jardins communautaires de Montréal est considéré comme le programme de jardinage collectif le plus accessible et le mieux organisé en Amérique (Reid, 2006).

Details

Open House International, vol. 34 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0168-2601

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Article
Publication date: 1 December 2010

Priscilla Ananian and Bernard Declève

Brussels Capital Region has to deal with urban conflicts arising from the different kinds of land uses. On the one hand the process of metropolisation has intensified the inner…

39

Abstract

Brussels Capital Region has to deal with urban conflicts arising from the different kinds of land uses. On the one hand the process of metropolisation has intensified the inner city's land use through residential, economic and urban development and on the other hand this same process has contributed to the expansion and sprawling of the city beyond its administrative borders. The city's main challenge is to ensure the cohabitation of different urban forms and densities in a multi-scale level related to metropolitan and local functions (Ananian P. 2010). Brussels, originally an industrial city, has become an administrative centre, generating a series of disaffected areas. Urban regeneration and sustainable development policies aim to improve the standard of living through urban, social and economic enhancements. Indeed, these policies deal with the construction, renovation and requalification of obsolete areas into new dwelling complexes. In this context, the present article shows the results of a broader research commissioned by the Brussels Capital Region on residential densification between 1989 and 2007(Declève B. Ananian P. et al 2009). Through the analysis of this inventory, we have identified three main techniques concerning the requalification of old places into residential uses: firstly the reurbanisation of brownfields generated by the delocalisation of large facilities; secondly the requalification and reconversion of isolated buildings (abandoned and obsolete industrial and office buildings) and last but not least, the recycling of terrains merged into the urban fabric of old neighbourhoods. Following two methodological approaches (morphological observation and analysis of social perception), this research has shown us that, in the last twenty years of housing production in Brussels, the main abandoned buildings and sites that were available were requalified, increasing density and improving urbanity through the diversity of the urban forms adopted for the public and private spaces.

Details

Open House International, vol. 35 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0168-2601

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1986

Jean‐Claude Croizé

La présente contribution concerne les tendances “non‐quantifiables” que J.R. Blanchet évoque en conclusions de son rapport de base. Ou plutôt, les tendances non quantifiées, en ce…

67

Abstract

La présente contribution concerne les tendances “non‐quantifiables” que J.R. Blanchet évoque en conclusions de son rapport de base. Ou plutôt, les tendances non quantifiées, en ce sens que la densité d'équipements concourant à l'animation des stations de montagne ne fait pas l'objet d'une statistique suivie.

Details

The Tourist Review, vol. 41 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0251-3102

Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 18 October 2023

Ivan Soukal, Jan Mačí, Gabriela Trnková, Libuse Svobodova, Martina Hedvičáková, Eva Hamplova, Petra Maresova and Frank Lefley

The primary purpose of this paper is to identify the so-called core authors and their publications according to pre-defined criteria and thereby direct the users to the fastest…

1357

Abstract

Purpose

The primary purpose of this paper is to identify the so-called core authors and their publications according to pre-defined criteria and thereby direct the users to the fastest and easiest way to get a picture of the otherwise pervasive field of bankruptcy prediction models. The authors aim to present state-of-the-art bankruptcy prediction models assembled by the field's core authors and critically examine the approaches and methods adopted.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a literature search in November 2022 through scientific databases Scopus, ScienceDirect and the Web of Science, focussing on a publication period from 2010 to 2022. The database search query was formulated as “Bankruptcy Prediction” and “Model or Tool”. However, the authors intentionally did not specify any model or tool to make the search non-discriminatory. The authors reviewed over 7,300 articles.

Findings

This paper has addressed the research questions: (1) What are the most important publications of the core authors in terms of the target country, size of the sample, sector of the economy and specialization in SME? (2) What are the most used methods for deriving or adjusting models appearing in the articles of the core authors? (3) To what extent do the core authors include accounting-based variables, non-financial or macroeconomic indicators, in their prediction models? Despite the advantages of new-age methods, based on the information in the articles analyzed, it can be deduced that conventional methods will continue to be beneficial, mainly due to the higher degree of ease of use and the transferability of the derived model.

Research limitations/implications

The authors identify several gaps in the literature which this research does not address but could be the focus of future research.

Practical implications

The authors provide practitioners and academics with an extract from a wide range of studies, available in scientific databases, on bankruptcy prediction models or tools, resulting in a large number of records being reviewed. This research will interest shareholders, corporations, and financial institutions interested in models of financial distress prediction or bankruptcy prediction to help identify troubled firms in the early stages of distress.

Social implications

Bankruptcy is a major concern for society in general, especially in today's economic environment. Therefore, being able to predict possible business failure at an early stage will give an organization time to address the issue and maybe avoid bankruptcy.

Originality/value

To the authors' knowledge, this is the first paper to identify the core authors in the bankruptcy prediction model and methods field. The primary value of the study is the current overview and analysis of the theoretical and practical development of knowledge in this field in the form of the construction of new models using classical or new-age methods. Also, the paper adds value by critically examining existing models and their modifications, including a discussion of the benefits of non-accounting variables usage.

Details

Central European Management Journal, vol. 32 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2658-0845

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 1953

Pierre Defert

Le Maroc, français surtout, est entré définitivement depuis la fin de la guerre dans l'espace touristique contemporain. Le pays était encore inconnu des Européens, en 1907…

66

Abstract

Le Maroc, français surtout, est entré définitivement depuis la fin de la guerre dans l'espace touristique contemporain. Le pays était encore inconnu des Européens, en 1907, lorsque les troupes françaises débarquèrent à Casablanca. Le 16 mars 1934, les dernières tribus dissidentes faisaient leurs soumissions à Bou Izakaren, aux confins de l'Anti‐Atlas et du Sahara. A partir de cette date et jusqu'au second conflit mondial, les premiers touristes arrivent au Maroc et «rôdent» un tour classique des capitales impériales: Marrakech, Fez, Meknès par la corniche du Moyen Atlas. L'insécurité interdit encore les hauts cols de l'Atlas (Tizi N'Test: 2100 m.; Tizi N'Tichka: 2270 m.; Zad: 2178 m.) à des groupes réguliers et les autori‐sations de voyage doivent être demandées aux bureaux des Affaires indigènes (A.I.).

Details

The Tourist Review, vol. 8 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0251-3102

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Article
Publication date: 4 February 2021

Erkki K. Laitinen

The purpose of this study is to analyze the business-failure-process risk from two perspectives. First, a simplified model of the loss-generation process in a failing firm is…

319

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to analyze the business-failure-process risk from two perspectives. First, a simplified model of the loss-generation process in a failing firm is developed to show that the linear system embedded in accounting makes financial ratios to depend linearly on each other. Second, a simplified model of the development of the risk during the failure process is developed to introduce a new concept of failure-process-risk line (FPRL) to assess the systematic failure risk of a firm. Empirical evidence from Finnish firms is used to test two hypotheses.

Design/methodology/approach

This study makes use of simple mathematical modeling to depict the loss-generation process and the development of failure risk during the failure process. Hypotheses are extracted from the mathematical results for empirical testing. Time-series data originally from 13,082 non-failing and 515 failing Finnish are used to test the hypotheses. Analysis of variance F statistics and Mann–Whitney U test are used in testing of the hypotheses.

Findings

The findings show that the linear time-series correlations are generally higher in failing than in non-failing firms because of the loss-generation process. The FPRL depicted efficiently the systematic failure-process risk through the beta coefficient. Beta coefficient efficiently discriminated between failing and non-failing firms. The difference between the last-period risk estimate and FPRL was largely determined by the approximated growth rate of the periodic failure risk.

Research limitations/implications

The loss-generation process is based on a simple cash-based approach ignoring the growth of the firm. In future research, the model could be generalized to a growing firm in an accrual-based framework. The failure-process risk is assumed to grow at a constant rate. In further studies, more general models could be applied. Empirical analyses are based on simple statistical methods and tests. More advanced methods could be used to analyze the data.

Practical implications

This study shows that failure process makes the time-series correlation between financial ratios to increase making their signals of failure consistent and allowing the use of static classification models to assess failure risk. The beta coefficient is a useful tool to reflect systematic failure-process risk. In addition, it can be used in practice to warn a firm about ongoing failure process.

Originality/value

To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study analyzing systematically business-failure-process risk. It is first in introducing a mathematical loss-generation process and the FPRL based on the beta coefficient assessing the systematic failure risk.

Details

Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, vol. 19 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1985-2517

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Article
Publication date: 18 October 2018

Oliver Lukason and Erkki K. Laitinen

The purpose of this paper is to find out whether the financial predictors of failure differ for exporting and non-exporting firms.

380

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to find out whether the financial predictors of failure differ for exporting and non-exporting firms.

Design

The study is based on two samples of French manufacturing micro firms from Amadeus database. Samples of 468 exporting and 1,148 non-exporting firms were divided equally to survived and bankrupted firms. Logistic regression method was used with five financial ratios portraying liquidity, solidity, cash flow sufficiency, profitability and productivity.

Findings

The findings suggest that cash flow sufficiency and solidity were important predictors in both firm groups, although the latter was more important in case of exporters. Liquidity was important in case of non-exporters, while profitability in case of exporters. Productivity was not a significant predictor. With these variables, failure of exporters was predicted with a higher accuracy.

Originality

This paper contributes to an under-researched area in the failure prediction and international business literature, namely, it outlines whether failure predictors are the same for similar exporting and non-exporting firms. The results indicate that some predictors differ and similar ones can have different importance for exporters and non-exporters.

Details

Review of International Business and Strategy, vol. 28 no. 3/4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2059-6014

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1964

Marc Boyer

Aux experts axés trop exclusivement sur l'économie, le Professeur Hunziker rappelait opportunément que «l'homme lui‐même est le vrai centre du tourisme» et que la fonction…

41

Abstract

Aux experts axés trop exclusivement sur l'économie, le Professeur Hunziker rappelait opportunément que «l'homme lui‐même est le vrai centre du tourisme» et que la fonction économique du tourisme n'est que «subsidiaire», alors que «sa mission humanitaire» est «éminente».

Details

The Tourist Review, vol. 19 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0251-3102

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