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Article
Publication date: 13 December 2022

Chengxi Yan, Xuemei Tang, Hao Yang and Jun Wang

The majority of existing studies about named entity recognition (NER) concentrate on the prediction enhancement of deep neural network (DNN)-based models themselves, but the…

269

Abstract

Purpose

The majority of existing studies about named entity recognition (NER) concentrate on the prediction enhancement of deep neural network (DNN)-based models themselves, but the issues about the scarcity of training corpus and the difficulty of annotation quality control are not fully solved, especially for Chinese ancient corpora. Therefore, designing a new integrated solution for Chinese historical NER, including automatic entity extraction and man-machine cooperative annotation, is quite valuable for improving the effectiveness of Chinese historical NER and fostering the development of low-resource information extraction.

Design/methodology/approach

The research provides a systematic approach for Chinese historical NER with a three-stage framework. In addition to the stage of basic preprocessing, the authors create, retrain and yield a high-performance NER model only using limited labeled resources during the stage of augmented deep active learning (ADAL), which entails three steps—DNN-based NER modeling, hybrid pool-based sampling (HPS) based on the active learning (AL), and NER-oriented data augmentation (DA). ADAL is thought to have the capacity to maintain the performance of DNN as high as possible under the few-shot constraint. Then, to realize machine-aided quality control in crowdsourcing settings, the authors design a stage of globally-optimized automatic label consolidation (GALC). The core of GALC is a newly-designed label consolidation model called simulated annealing-based automatic label aggregation (“SA-ALC”), which incorporates the factors of worker reliability and global label estimation. The model can assure the annotation quality of those data from a crowdsourcing annotation system.

Findings

Extensive experiments on two types of Chinese classical historical datasets show that the authors’ solution can effectively reduce the corpus dependency of a DNN-based NER model and alleviate the problem of label quality. Moreover, the results also show the superior performance of the authors’ pipeline approaches (i.e. HPS + DA and SA-ALC) compared to equivalent baselines in each stage.

Originality/value

The study sheds new light on the automatic extraction of Chinese historical entities in an all-technological-process integration. The solution is helpful to effectively reducing the annotation cost and controlling the labeling quality for the NER task. It can be further applied to similar tasks of information extraction and other low-resource fields in theoretical and practical ways.

Details

Aslib Journal of Information Management, vol. 75 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2050-3806

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Article
Publication date: 29 November 2021

Ziming Zeng, Tingting Li, Shouqiang Sun, Jingjing Sun and Jie Yin

Twitter fake accounts refer to bot accounts created by third-party organizations to influence public opinion, commercial propaganda or impersonate others. The effective…

335

Abstract

Purpose

Twitter fake accounts refer to bot accounts created by third-party organizations to influence public opinion, commercial propaganda or impersonate others. The effective identification of bot accounts is conducive to accurately judge the disseminated information for the public. However, in actual fake account identification, it is expensive and inefficient to manually label Twitter accounts, and the labeled data are usually unbalanced in classes. To this end, the authors propose a novel framework to solve these problems.

Design/methodology/approach

In the proposed framework, the authors introduce the concept of semi-supervised self-training learning and apply it to the real Twitter account data set from Kaggle. Specifically, the authors first train the classifier in the initial small amount of labeled account data, then use the trained classifier to automatically label large-scale unlabeled account data. Next, iteratively select high confidence instances from unlabeled data to expand the labeled data. Finally, an expanded Twitter account training set is obtained. It is worth mentioning that the resampling technique is integrated into the self-training process, and the data class is balanced at the initial stage of the self-training iteration.

Findings

The proposed framework effectively improves labeling efficiency and reduces the influence of class imbalance. It shows excellent identification results on 6 different base classifiers, especially for the initial small-scale labeled Twitter accounts.

Originality/value

This paper provides novel insights in identifying Twitter fake accounts. First, the authors take the lead in introducing a self-training method to automatically label Twitter accounts from the semi-supervised background. Second, the resampling technique is integrated into the self-training process to effectively reduce the influence of class imbalance on the identification effect.

Details

Data Technologies and Applications, vol. 56 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2514-9288

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Article
Publication date: 5 June 2012

F. Ali, A. Jeffers, N. Goodfellow, A. Nadjai, T. Scullion and J. Gardner

This paper represents the outcomes of the first research in the world involving experimental and validated theoretical study to investigate the performance of axially restrained…

50

Abstract

This paper represents the outcomes of the first research in the world involving experimental and validated theoretical study to investigate the performance of axially restrained steel columns with hollow and concrete filled elliptical sections subjected to fire. The test programme involved 9 hollow and concrete filled columns with 200 × 100 × 8 mm oval section yielding a slenderness λ=51 and tested under the severe hydrocarbon fire curve. The 1800 mm columns were tested under loading ratios = 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 of the ultimate strength. The paper presents the obtained experimental results including measured axial and lateral displacements, restraint forces and failure time. A three-dimensional model was built using the finite element method (FEM) and was validated using the obtained tests results. By using variable with temperature thermal expansion coefficient and the EC3 thermal parameters, the finite element model demonstrated an excellent agreement with test results of failure temperatures, failure modes, axial displacements and generated axial forces. The verified finite element model was used to conduct a parametric analysis involving a range of parameters of loading level and slenderness. The study has shown that the concrete filled sections have demonstrated an improved fire resistance when compared to the hollow sections under low loading ratios. The research indicates that imposing axial restraint has reduced the fire resistance of columns by approximately one third on the time domain. The study has also shown a non-linear relationship between the loading ratio and slenderness of elliptical columns and that the load ratio has more effect on fire resistance of columns with high slenderness.

Details

Journal of Structural Fire Engineering, vol. 3 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2040-2317

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Article
Publication date: 24 September 2010

Ali Nadjai, Nathan Goodfellow, Kong Fah Tee, Faris Ali and Sengkwan Choi

The growing popularity of the use of cellular steel beams in composite floors comes at the same time as an increasing attention to the fire safety engineering design. The…

53

Abstract

The growing popularity of the use of cellular steel beams in composite floors comes at the same time as an increasing attention to the fire safety engineering design. The recommendation for their design in fire limit states remains very primitive and this is due to the lack of general research in this area. Four composite cellular steel beams were tested at the University of Ulster with two models of different steel geometries and loading conditions under monotonic loading and at elevated temperatures. This paper presents a finite element model and simple hand calculation methods to calculate the shear buckling at the web post, the bending resistance in fire, deflection and temperature distribution in the cross section of composite cellular beams.

Details

Journal of Structural Fire Engineering, vol. 1 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2040-2317

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Article
Publication date: 17 February 2012

Dodi W. Irawanto, Phil L. Ramsey and David C. Tweed

This present work aims to report on a study that examines the applicability of Paternalistic Leadership (PL) to public sector organisations in Indonesia. The paper seeks to…

1042

Abstract

Purpose

This present work aims to report on a study that examines the applicability of Paternalistic Leadership (PL) to public sector organisations in Indonesia. The paper seeks to discuss whether the construct of PL is perceived the same way across different cultures on the basis of an empirically‐based profile of Indonesian public sector leadership developed on the basis of a large‐scale survey carried out in Indonesian government agencies.

Design/methodology/approach

The study sample consisted of 1,000 civil servants in the East Java and Jogyakarta Special Region Provinces of Indonesia. Data were collected using simple random sampling techniques. The 42 items in the PL instrument were subjected to explanatory factor analysis (EFA) with variamax rotation. EFA was used to test the degree to which the model of PL proposed by Cheng applied to the Indonesian sample.

Findings

Using confirmatory factor analysis the results showed that there are core similarities with the Cheng et al. model which has been tested in Taiwan. The Indonesian benevolent, moral‐leadership behaviour is substantially confirmed with the model adopted for this study. According to civil servants' perception, it seems likely that Indonesian leaders are visible and authoritarian.

Research limitations/implications

The findings are based on a relatively small proportion of the total number of Indonesian civil servants, and focuses on those who are most likely to still uphold Javanese values. Another limitation is in the design of the study, broader focus on PL will allow the study to explain in any detail what the actual impact of PL is on management practices.

Practical implications

This research suggests that people teaching leadership or acting in leadership roles in Indonesia need to develop a clear understanding of the particular values of that country, rather than assuming that all Asian cultures are exactly alike.

Originality/value

The paper adds insight into the applicability of PL in Indonesian public sector organizations.

Details

International Journal of Leadership in Public Services, vol. 8 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1747-9886

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Article
Publication date: 29 June 2012

Sue Webb

What happens when computer software is designed to replace the teacher and the human role is to service the relationship between the software and the learner? Specifically, this…

1683

Abstract

Purpose

What happens when computer software is designed to replace the teacher and the human role is to service the relationship between the software and the learner? Specifically, this paper aims to consider whether or not emotional labour is performed in contexts mediated by technology in the private sector.

Design/methodology/approach

The research is a single site, the online tutoring centre, in a large global education company in Europe servicing learners based in companies elsewhere. It is a critical case study with strategic importance for understanding the effects of the transformations to the education work afforded by a work design based on digital Taylorism. Qualitative methods are used, including observation, analysis of tutor/student e‐mail exchanges over a ten‐month period and interviews with key personnel.

Findings

It was found that in spite of the drive for standardisation and consistency, online tutors engaged in considerable levels of emotional labour, individualised in its performance along a spectrum.

Research limitations/implications

The work has value in that it extends into new sites the study of digital Taylorism. In finding emotional labour in this critical case, it suggests that emotional labour will be present in less extreme cases.

Practical implications

The article is a useful source of information for practitioners in online learning centres, as well as researchers in the area of recruitment and training of online tutors.

Social implications

The article provides insights into effects of the recruitment of underqualified people in private learning centres.

Originality/value

The article provides insights into an area of work‐based learning that is under‐investigated to date – i.e. the recruitment and practices of tutors in private learning centres and the role of emotional labour.

Details

Journal of Workplace Learning, vol. 24 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1366-5626

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Article
Publication date: 3 August 2015

Michela Costa, Vanessa Indrizzi, Nicola Massarotti and Alessandro Mauro

The purpose of this paper is to optimize the performance of an incinerator plant in terms of NO emissions and temperature of particles 2 s after the last air injection, which must…

668

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to optimize the performance of an incinerator plant in terms of NO emissions and temperature of particles 2 s after the last air injection, which must be above 850°C as established from the Directive 2000/76/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council – December 4, 2000 on dioxins formation in waste incineration plants.

Design/methodology/approach

Investigation is made by coupling proper models developed within three commercial software environments: FLUENT, to reproduce the thermodynamic field inside the combustion chamber of the incinerator plant taken into account, MATLAB, to evaluate the position and temperatures of the particles 2 s after the last air injection, MODEFRONTIER, to change both the secondary air mass flow rate and the equivalent heat transfer coefficient of the refractory walls to fulfill the conflicting objectives of reducing the NO formation and increasing the mean gases temperature as required by the Directive.

Findings

The investigations suggest that it is possible to create the conditions allowing the reduction of NO emissions and the fulfilment of the European limits. In particular, the obtained results suggest that increasing the overall mass flow rate of the secondary air and using a different refractory material on the walls, the environmental performance of the incinerator plant can be improved.

Research limitations/implications

Many other parameters could be optimized and, at the same time, more detailed models could be used for the Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations. Moreover, also the energy generated at the plant would need a better investigation in order to understand if optimal conditions can be really achieved.

Originality/value

The work covers new aspects of Waste-to-Energy (WtE) systems, since it deals with an optimization study of plant design and operating parameters. This kind of investigation allows not only to improve already existing technologies for WtE systems, but also to develop new ones.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 25 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 2023

Francis Hargreaves, Paula Carroll, Grace Robinson, Sean Creaney and Andrew O’Connor

This paper aims to explore the purpose and outline the key features of Liverpool Football Club Foundation’s County Lines (CL) programme and how principles of collaboration and…

868

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the purpose and outline the key features of Liverpool Football Club Foundation’s County Lines (CL) programme and how principles of collaboration and co-production can be implemented to educate children at risk of entering the youth justice system.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper reviews the findings from a 12-week CL intervention programme in 14 secondary schools in the Liverpool City Region between 2021 and 2022. The programme was designed in collaboration with funders, partners and participants and aimed to improve knowledge of, and change attitudes towards CL and its associated harms, including knife crime and child exploitation.

Findings

Knowledge and attitude changes were measured across 12 indicators, with positive changes recorded for each indicator. Perhaps of most interest to those working in the sector was the recorded success in obtaining consistent attendance from beginning to end with very little erosion of engagement. This suggests that the content and method of delivery was successful in engaging harder to reach young people to make positive change.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first of its kind to examine how collaboration and co-production (two of the five principles of the Serious Violence Strategy 2018) can be implemented by a football charity and its partners to educate children in a local community on the harms of CL.

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Article
Publication date: 30 August 2024

Faisal Binsar, Tirta Nugraha Mursitama, Mohammad Hamsal and Rano Kartono Rahim

The adoption of digital technology has not been able to overcome the problem of patient healthcare service quality in Indonesian hospitals, especially in lower middle-class…

64

Abstract

Purpose

The adoption of digital technology has not been able to overcome the problem of patient healthcare service quality in Indonesian hospitals, especially in lower middle-class hospitals that are widely distributed in the regions, because its utilization has not been well coordinated. This research explores the influence of Digital Adoption Capability (DAC) on Hospital Performance (HP) for these service problems.

Design/methodology/approach

This research used a quantitative methodology design approach. Survey data were collected from 285 leaders of class C and D hospitals throughout Indonesia, who were selected at simple random from March to August 2023. Data analysis was carried out using the structural equation modeling method with the help of LISREL version 8.80 software.

Findings

The research found a positive and significant influence of DAC on HP. Digital Leadership (DL) plays an important role in performance, both directly and indirectly. ICT Literacy (ICT) and Patient-Centric (PC) do not have a direct influence on HP but provide significant results through DAC. This research also found Environmental Dynamism (ED) factors that significantly drive the need to improve performance through digital adoption.

Practical implications

Providing insight into increasing the role of digital technology to connect healthcare workers and patients to produce safe and quality healthcare services in an ever-changing environmental condition.

Originality/value

This model is very important for the management of small hospital organizations in the context of adopting digital technology to be able to provide better services to patients and improve hospital performance.

Details

Journal of Health Organization and Management, vol. 39 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1477-7266

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Article
Publication date: 16 June 2021

Krzysztof Celuch

This research provides a bibliometric review of the state-of-the-art information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the context of events, and maps out an agenda for future…

2296

Abstract

Purpose

This research provides a bibliometric review of the state-of-the-art information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the context of events, and maps out an agenda for future directions on how innovations in the technological realm can help fostering sustainability in the events industry.

Design/methodology/approach

To explore the progress of ICTs and future applications in events, this study conducts a two-fold method of a bibliometric analysis and a modularity clustering technique based on 293 papers published in the last 30 years.

Findings

The findings offer a snapshot of the past progress to offer a glimpse into the future by formulating novel areas for research that merit attention. By interweaving the past, present and future towards sustainability, an agenda with four concrete areas for research is identified, including (1) virtual events, (2) the use of artificial intelligence, (3) big data technology, and (4) virtual reality and augmented reality in the events industry.

Originality/value

The current global challenges together with the rapid technological progress can particularly give rise to innovations in the technological sector. Through a bibliometric review of past research, this study offers a future research agenda of ICTs in the events sector in light of the Sustainable Development Goals. It contributes with a discussion on how to harvest the technological progress to create more sustainable events.

Details

International Journal of Event and Festival Management, vol. 12 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1758-2954

Keywords

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