Muzammal Ilyas Sindhu, Windijarto, Wing-Keung Wong and Laila Maswadi
The study aimed to determine the static return connectedness between Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) equity markets and crypto assets.
Abstract
Purpose
The study aimed to determine the static return connectedness between Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) equity markets and crypto assets.
Design/methodology/approach
The study employs the time-varying parameter vector autoregression (TVP-VAR) method to examine the static and dynamic connectedness between crypto assets and the BRICS stock market. The study sample size was segmented into full sample, pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 for in-depth analysis.
Findings
Empirical findings pointed out the significant rise in the total connectedness between both markets in the pre-COVID-19 period. Our result also exhibits a lower level of connectedness during the post-COVID-19 period. During the full sample period, it was found that cryptocurrencies and Indian, Chinese and South African stock markets remained key return transmitters, while Russian and Brazilian stock markets were seen as recipients. Moreover, during the pre-COVID period, cryptocurrencies played the role of return transmitter while the stock markets in BRICS remained recipients of return spillover.
Practical implications
This study contains practical insights for investors and portfolio managers in diversifying their portfolios considering the aforementioned connectivity of both markets, especially during periods of instability.
Originality/value
The study highlighted the importance of the TVP-VAR method in analyzing the static and dynamic connectedness of returns between cryptocurrencies and BRICS stock markets in different periods, including pre- and post-COVID-19. It further pragmatized the dynamic roles of cryptocurrencies as transmitters of returns and the BRICS stock markets as receivers where investors and policymakers can navigate market uncertainties.
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Muhammad Mushafiq, Muzammal Ilyas Sindhu and Muhammad Khalid Sohail
The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between credit risk and financial performance in non-financial firms.
Abstract
Purpose
The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between credit risk and financial performance in non-financial firms.
Design/methodology/approach
In order to test the relationship between Altman Z-score model as a credit risk proxy and the Return on Asset and Equity as indicator for financial performance with control variables leverage, liquidity and firm size. Least Square Dummy Variable regression analysis is opted. This research's sample included 69 non-financial companies from the Pakistan Stock Exchange KSE-100 Index between 2012 and 2017.
Findings
This study establishes the findings that Altman Z-score, leverage and firm size significantly impact the financial performance of the KSE-100 non-financial firms. However, liquidity is found to be insignificant in this study. Altman Z-score and firm size have shown a positive relationship to the financial performance, whereas leverage is inversely related.
Practical implications
This study brings in a new and useful insight into the literature on the relationship between credit risk and financial performance. The results of this study provide investors, businesses and managers related to non-financial firms in the KSE-100 index with significant insight about credit risk's impact on performance.
Originality/value
The evidence of the credit risk and financial performance on samples of non-financial firms has not been studied; mainly it has been limited to the banking sector. This study helps in the evaluation of Altman Z-score's performance in the non-financial firms in KSE-100 index as well.
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Muhammad Mushafiq, Syed Ahmad Sami, Muhammad Khalid Sohail and Muzammal Ilyas Sindhu
The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the probability of default and examine the relationship between default risk and financial performance, with dynamic panel moderation…
Abstract
Purpose
The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the probability of default and examine the relationship between default risk and financial performance, with dynamic panel moderation of firm size.
Design/methodology/approach
This study utilizes a total of 1,500 firm-year observations from 2013 to 2018 using dynamic panel data approach of generalized method of moments to test the relationship between default risk and financial performance with the moderation effect of the firm size.
Findings
This study establishes the findings that default risk significantly impacts the financial performance. The relationship between distance-to-default (DD) and financial performance is positive, which means the relationship of the independent and dependent variable is inverse. Moreover, this study finds that the firm size is a significant positive moderator between DD and financial performance.
Practical implications
This study provides new and useful insight into the literature on the relationship between default risk and financial performance. The results of this study provide investors and businesses related to nonfinancial firms in the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) with significant default risk's impact on performance. This study finds, on average, the default probability in KSE ALL indexed companies is 6.12%.
Originality/value
The evidence of the default risk and financial performance on samples of nonfinancial firms has been minimal; mainly, it has been limited to the banking sector. Moreover, the existing studies have only catered the direct effect of only. This study fills that gap and evaluates this relationship in nonfinancial firms. This study also helps in the evaluation of Merton model's performance in the nonfinancial firms.