Dure Jabeen, S.M. Ghazanfar Monir, Shaheena Noor, Muhammad Rafiullah and Munsif Ali Jatoi
Watermarking technique is one of the significant methods in which carrier signal hides digital information in the form of watermark to prevent the authenticity of the stakeholders…
Abstract
Purpose
Watermarking technique is one of the significant methods in which carrier signal hides digital information in the form of watermark to prevent the authenticity of the stakeholders by manipulating different coefficients as watermark in time and frequency domain to sustain trade-off in performance parameters. One challenging component among others is to maintain the robustness, to limit perceptibility with embedding information. Transform domain is more popular to achieve the required results in color image watermarking. Variants of complex Hadamard transform (CHT) have been applied for gray image watermarking, and it has been proved that it has better performance than other orthogonal transforms. This paper is aimed at analyzing the performance of spatio-chromatic complex Hadamard transform (Sp-CHT) that is proposed as an application of color image watermarking in sequency domain (SD).
Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, color image watermarking technique is designed and implemented in SD using spatio-chromatic – conjugate symmetric sequency – ordered CHT. The color of a pixel is represented as complex number a*+jb*, where a* and b* are chromatic components of International Commission on Illumination (CIE) La*b* color space. The embedded watermark is almost transparent to human eye although robust against common signal processing attacks.
Findings
Based on the results, bit error rate (BER) and peak signal to noise ratio are measured and discussed in comparison of CIE La*b* and hue, saturation and value color model with spatio-chromatic discrete Fourier transform (Sp-DFT), and results are also analyzed with other discrete orthogonal transforms. It is observed from BER that Sp-CHT has 8%–12% better performance than Sp-DFT. Structural similarity index has been measured at different watermark strength and it is observed that presented transform performs better than other transforms.
Originality/value
This work presents the details and comparative analysis of two orthogonal transforms as color image watermarking application using MATLAB software. A finding from this study demonstrates that the Complex Hadamard transform is the competent candidate that can be replaced with DFT in many signal processing applications.
Details
Keywords
Rafiullah Sheikh and Khalid Hussain
This paper aims to explore Islamic banking through the lens of Maqasid Shariah so that it can be reimagined to achieve societal well-being and greater confidence of Islamic…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to explore Islamic banking through the lens of Maqasid Shariah so that it can be reimagined to achieve societal well-being and greater confidence of Islamic banking stakeholders in Islamic banking products and practices. Additionally, it aims to identify the gap between Islamic banking theory and its existing practices.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses the qualitative content analysis method based on the data gathered through semistructured interviews with Islamic banking stakeholders, including Shariah scholars, Islamic economics and finance researchers and Islamic bankers.
Findings
This study suggests that Maqasid Shariah represents Islam’s holistic view as a comprehensive code of life that considers individual and societal well-being. If an Islamic bank needs Shariah compliance, it is required to comply with Maqasid Shariah as well. For this purpose, this study proposes that Islamic banks should adopt value-based intermediation. Findings further suggest that the Islamic banks of Pakistan are realizing the Maqasid Aammah and many of the Maqasid Khassah relevant to Islamic banking and finance. It is revealed that Islamic banks are not merely working to maximize shareholders’ wealth but are conducting real economic activities, which bring employment, and distribute charity funds besides corporate social responsibility for the community’s welfare. This study proposes that Islamic banks, along with corporate financing and sovereign Sukuk, should also provide microfinancing to the underprivileged segments of society, which will empower and uplift their communities. This way, IBF practices can be harmonized with the idealized ones Islamic economists advocate. Ultimately, this study proposes specific reforms in Islamic banking in the light of Maqasid Shariah.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that contributes to Islamic economics and finance knowledge by integrating different perspectives of Shariah scholars, bankers and economists on Islamic banking. It also offers context for policy implications, especially regarding financial engineering.
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Muhammad Yasir, Muhammad Naveed Khan, Mostafa A.H. Abdelmohimen and N. Ameer Ahammad
The heat transport phenomenon in which energy transfers due to temperature differences is an important topic of interest for scientists in recent times. It is because of its wide…
Abstract
Purpose
The heat transport phenomenon in which energy transfers due to temperature differences is an important topic of interest for scientists in recent times. It is because of its wide range of applications in numerous domains such as electronics, heat dispersion, thermoregulation, cooling mechanism, the managing temperature in automotive mobile engines, climate engineering, magnetoresistance devices, etc. On account of such considerations, the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) entropy rate for nanomaterial (CoFe2O4/C2H6O2) and hybrid nanomaterial (CoFe2O4+MoS4/C2H6O2) is analyzed. The Darcy–Forchheimer relation is utilized to describe the impact of a porous medium on a stretched sheet. Two nanoparticles molybdenum (MoS4) and cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) are combined to make hybrid nanomaterial (CoFe2O4+MoS4/C2H6O2). Heat flux corresponds to the Cattaneo–Christov model executed through heat transfer analysis. The influence of dissipation and heat absorption/generation on energy expression for nanomaterial (CoFe2O4+MoS4/C2H6O2) and hybrid nanomaterial (CoFe2O4+MoS4/C2H6O2) is described.
Design/methodology/approach
Nonlinear partial differential expressions have been exchanged into dimensionless ordinary differential expressions using relevant transformations. Newton’s built-in shooting method is employed to achieve the required results.
Findings
Concepts of fluid flow, energy transport and entropy optimization are discussed. Computational analysis of local skin friction and Nusselt number against sundry parameters for nanomaterial (CoFe2O4/C2H6O2) and hybrid nanomaterial (CoFe2O4+MoS4/C2H6O2) is engrossed. Larger magnetic field parameters decay fluid flow and entropy generation, while an opposite behavior is observed for temperature. Variation in magnetic field variables and volume fractions causes the resistive force to boost up. Intensification in entropy generation can be seen for higher porosity parameters, whereas a reverse trend follows for fluid flow. Heat and local Nusselt numbers rise with an increase in thermal relaxation time parameters.
Originality/value
No such work is yet published in the literature.