Muhammad Naveed and Muhammad Qamar Zia
This study aims to discuss relationship between job resources and employees adaptive job performance. Using the job demands-resource (JD-R) theory, the paper examines the…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to discuss relationship between job resources and employees adaptive job performance. Using the job demands-resource (JD-R) theory, the paper examines the mediating role of work engagement in the relationship between job resources and adaptive job performance. The study also explores the moderating role of psychological contract fulfillment.
Design/methodology/approach
The study is based on data gathered from 254 employees of hospitality sector in Pakistan through a Web-based survey. The statistical verification conducted through using partial least squares structural equation modeling.
Findings
Findings has confirmed that job resources positively related to employees’ adaptive job performance. Furthermore, the mediation effect is explained by employees’ work engagement. Interestingly, employee psychological contract fulfillment moderated the positive relationship between job resources and employees’ work engagement.
Originality/value
The present study expands the previous research that validates the assumptions of job demand-resources theory into hospitality employees to harness job resources with employees’ engagement and performance as well as highlight the role of psychological contract fulfillment.
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Muhammad Hussnain Siddique, Muhammad Usman Qamar, Sumreen Hayat, Bilal Aslam, Habibullah Nadeem, Sabir Hussain, Muhammad Saqalein, Javeria Saeed and Saima Muzammil
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the prevalence and antibiograms of bacteria isolated from various fresh fruit juices at a local market in Faisalabad.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the prevalence and antibiograms of bacteria isolated from various fresh fruit juices at a local market in Faisalabad.
Design/methodology/approach
Fresh fruit juice samples (n=125) were randomly collected using aseptic technique. Each sample (10 mL) was serially diluted with 90 mL of sterile peptone water, from 1×10−1 to 1×10−5. Each dilution was then used to inoculate nutrient agar by surface spread plating. Aerobic colony counts (ACCs) were determined by colony counting. The isolates were sub-cultured on blood and MacConkey agar. Preliminary identification was achieved on the basis of colony morphology and culture characteristic, and confirmed by API® 20E, 20NE, and API® Staph testing. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion assay, per CLSI 2015 guidelines.
Findings
The mean ACC ranged from 2.0×106 CFU/mL to 4.93×106 CFU/mL, with the highest ACC determined for orange juice. Overall, 153 polymicrobial were identified in 125 samples; 103 of these were Gram-negative rods (GNR) and 28 were Gram-positive cocci (GPC). Escherichia coli (n=38), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=32) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=24) were the predominant GNR; Staphylococcus aureus (n=28) was the predominant GPC. Antibiogram analysis revealed that all GNR were resistant to ampicillin. However, most E. coli isolates were resistant to ceftazidime (72.4 percent of isolates), and ceftriaxone and cefepime (68.9 percent), while most K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to cefepime (72 percent) and ceftriaxone (64 percent). All S. aureus isolates were resistant to penicillin, while most (64 percent) were resistant to piperacillin; the most effective drugs against bacteria were vancomycin and imipenem.
Practical implications
The findings suggest that the local government regulatory food and public health authorities should take immediate emergency measures. Appropriate surveillance studies and periodic monitoring of food items should be regularly performed to safeguard public health.
Originality/value
The current study revealed the prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in freshly prepared fruit juices sold by local street vendors.
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Muhammad Naveed, Muhammad Qamar Zia and Nicola Cangialosi
Employees turnover is considered a prevailing worldwide problem (Vasquez,2014). This study aims to test the impact of job resources on employees’ work engagement and turnover…
Abstract
Purpose
Employees turnover is considered a prevailing worldwide problem (Vasquez,2014). This study aims to test the impact of job resources on employees’ work engagement and turnover intentions of different ages, gender and organizational hierarchy.
Design/methodology/approach
This study used an online survey method using the job demands-resources (JD-R) theory. Data were collected from 408 hotel employees. The analysis was conducted through structural equation modeling.
Findings
This study finds that job resources positively impact work engagement. Moreover, work engagement negatively influences employees’ turnover intention. In addition, work engagement is found as an underlying psychological mechanism between job resources and turnover intentions. Further, age, gender and organizational hierarchy play a significant role in moderating the relationship between work engagement and turnover intentions.
Originality/value
This study suggests that job resources can overcome turnover intentions among employees concerning diverse age, gender and organizational hierarchy for reciprocal relationships. Based on JD-R theory, this study empirically tests the neglected role of ages, gender and the organizational hierarchy on employees’ work engagement and turnover intentions in the hospitality sector in a developing country context.
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Muhammad Qamar Zia, Muhammad Sufyan Ramish, Iram Mushtaq, Syeda Tayyaba Fasih and Muhammad Naveed
This study aims to theoretically discuss and empirically test the mediating mechanism of psychological distress and the moderating effects of Islamic work ethics (IWE) in the…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to theoretically discuss and empirically test the mediating mechanism of psychological distress and the moderating effects of Islamic work ethics (IWE) in the relationship between despotic leadership and adaptive performance.
Design/methodology/approach
A three-wave survey was used to gather the data from middle managers and their supervisors of construction firms in Pakistan. The final sample consisted of 304 respondents and data analysis was performed through SEM analysis.
Findings
Despotic leadership enhances employees’ psychological distress which results in a negative impact on adaptive performance. In addition, IWE played a buffering role in mitigating the harmful impacts of despotic leadership on adaptive performance.
Originality/value
The study is among the pioneers that have investigated how despotic leadership impacts employees’ adaptive performance via the underlying mechanism of psychological distress through the conservation of resources and social exchange theory lens.
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Muhammad Qamar Zia, Muhammad Naveed, Syeda Tayyaba Fasih, Muhammad Usman Aleem and Muhammad Sufyan Ramish
Drawing upon conservation of theory, this study aims to extend the scant literature on the effect of leader-member exchange (LMX) on workplace deviance behaviour (WDB) and…
Abstract
Purpose
Drawing upon conservation of theory, this study aims to extend the scant literature on the effect of leader-member exchange (LMX) on workplace deviance behaviour (WDB) and adaptive performance by investigating the role of Islamic work ethics as moderators.
Design/methodology/approach
A time-lagged and multi-source data of (269 paired responses) of employees working in Islamic banks were used for hypotheses testing.
Findings
Taken together, the findings revealed that Leader Member Exchange (LMX) has a positive and significant impact on adaptive performance and is negatively related to employees’ WDB. The results of the moderation effect showed the positive relationship of LMX with adaptive performance and the negative relationship with WDB is stronger for high Islamic work ethics (IWE).
Practical implications
This study provides practical insight that Islamic business ethics plays a significant role in fostering adaptive performance and reducing the deviance behaviour of employees.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that examined the moderating role of IWE between LMX-adaptive performance and LMX-WDB. This study has also filled the gap of scant literature about the impact of LMX on adaptive performance and WDB.
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Muhammad Ali Jibran Qamar, Asma Hassan, Mian Sajid Nazir and Abdul Haque
The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of dividend announcements on the stock return of Shariah-compliant and conventional stocks.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of dividend announcements on the stock return of Shariah-compliant and conventional stocks.
Design/methodology/approach
An event study methodology is applied to study the beta anomaly. Market-adjusted return model, mean-adjusted return model and market model have been applied to calculate excess returns. Estimation period used in this study is 130 days, and event period consists of 21 days in total, i.e. starting from the day –10 “before the cash dividend announcement” to day +10 “after the cash dividend announcements.
Findings
It has been concluded from the results that dividend plays an informational role in the Pakistan Stock Exchange. As the investors in Pakistan react favorably to the dividend increase announcements and unfavorably to the dividend decrease announcements, they consider dividend increase announcement as good news and dividend decrease announcement as bad news.
Practical implications
The findings of this study have several implications for different participants of the stock market, such as investors, academicians, researchers, fund managers and policymakers. They can use this information to make decisions while making efficient portfolios. Investors may get abnormal returns by focusing on the dividend announcement patterns. This can influence the attitude of investors toward efficient investments in the stock market and ultimately contribute to the betterment of society. This study is also beneficial for academicians and researchers, as it provides a comparative analysis of Shariah-compliant and conventional stocks and the anomalous effect of dividend announcements on stock return.
Originality/value
Limited research in the world’s context and null is available in Pakistani context on the subject matter. The comparative analysis of “Shariah-compliant” and “conventional” stocks provides insight into the asset pricing of Shariah-compliant stocks that have not been explored earlier. This study also uses three different methods (mean model, market model and market-adjusted return models) to compare Shariah-compliant and conventional stocks
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Muhammad Qamar Zia, Muhammad Naveed, Muhammad Adnan Bashir and Asif Iqbal
Drawing from social exchange theory, the purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of servant leadership on organizational citizenship behavior, turnover intentions…
Abstract
Purpose
Drawing from social exchange theory, the purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of servant leadership on organizational citizenship behavior, turnover intentions and work performance through mediating role of job embeddedness.
Design/methodology/approach
The data were gathered from 252 frontline employees of Pakistan's hotel industry in two-time lags with an interval of two months by using purposive sampling. PLS-SEM was applied for the analysis of data and hypothesis testing.
Findings
The study ascertained that job embeddedness is a potent mediator between the nexus of servant leadership and aforementioned work outcomes. The study results portray that servant leadership promotes job embeddedness, OCB, work performance and reduces turnover intentions.
Research limitations/implications
Hotel management can use job embeddedness to boost servant leadership and reduce turnover intentions. In addition, management should also increase servant leadership by organizing training and workshops for their managers, which ultimately improves followers' organizational citizenship behavior and work performance.
Practical implications
Hotel management can use job embeddedness to boost OCB, work performance and reduce turnover intentions. In addition, management should also increase servant leadership by organizing training and workshops for their managers, which ultimately improves followers' citizenship behavior and work performance.
Originality/value
There are numerous calls for research to ascertain as well as sparse literature available whether job embeddedness act as a mediator in the nexus of servant leadership and work outcomes or not. The current study fills these voids and contributes to the literature by empirically examining the mechanism of job embeddedness between servant leadership and the work outcomes.
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Muhammad Qamar Zia, Ummi Naiemah Saraih, Muhammad Sufyan Ramish, Asima Faisal and Muhammad Naveed
The objective of this research is to investigate how ethical leadership (EL) directly or indirectly impacts adaptive performance (AP) within the hospitality industry, focusing on…
Abstract
Purpose
The objective of this research is to investigate how ethical leadership (EL) directly or indirectly impacts adaptive performance (AP) within the hospitality industry, focusing on the mediation of trust in leaders (TiL) and job crafting (JC).
Design/methodology/approach
Data were gathered from 328 employees and 66 leaders across 28 hotels in central and northern areas of Pakistan using a time-lagged methodology. Structural equation modeling was applied for data analysis using SPSS and AMOS.
Findings
Findings present a strong connection between EL and AP, with both TiL and JC serving as independent and sequential mediators. The study also revealed that EL is directly linked to TiL and JC.
Practical implications
Findings suggest that hospitality firms should foster a culture of EL by focusing on hiring and employees’ development programs, enhancing their dynamic capabilities to adapt to the changes.
Originality/value
By examining the AP of frontline employees, this study identifies new outcomes of EL within the hospitality context. Furthermore, it also contributes to the literature by exploring the novel impact of EL on AP through TiL and JC.
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Muhammad Qamar Zia, Muhammad Sufyan Ramish, Syeda Tayyaba Fasih, Muhammad Naveed and Zilong Wang
Based on the conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study seeks to investigate how job embeddedness (JE) and job frustration (JF) as serial mediators linking abusive…
Abstract
Purpose
Based on the conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study seeks to investigate how job embeddedness (JE) and job frustration (JF) as serial mediators linking abusive supervision (AS) to project performance (PP) in the construction industry.
Design/methodology/approach
Data were gathered from 297 respondents working in six organizations involved in large-scale construction projects. The respondents were project managers, field engineers, consultants and civil engineers. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used for data analysis and hypothesis testing.
Findings
The study findings indicate that JE and JF mediate AS’s impact on PP. The findings further reveal that JE and JF serially mediated the linkage between AS and PP.
Originality/value
This manuscript contributes to the relevant knowledge by investigating the overlooked psychological mechanisms of JE and JF between the linkage of AS to PP. The results of this study hold significant implications for both theoretical research and management practices.
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Muhammad Qamar Zia, Muhammad Naveed, Muhammad Adnan Bashir and Aamir Feroz Shamsi
Organizations are facing pressure to reduce costs of training and enhancing the role of self-development that is self-driven and contextual in nature as a means to supplement…
Abstract
Purpose
Organizations are facing pressure to reduce costs of training and enhancing the role of self-development that is self-driven and contextual in nature as a means to supplement employee development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of individual and situational factors on self-development as well as the moderating role of situational factors. Individual factors are referred to personal characteristics, i.e. learning goal orientation and proactive personality, while situational factors are environmental conditions, including job autonomy and empowering environment.
Design/methodology/approach
Data were gathered from 280 middle managers of the banking sector. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was conducted to validate the model.
Findings
The study findings revealed a significant direct relationship of individual (learning goal orientation and proactive personality) and situational (empowering environment and job autonomy) factors with self-development. The study also found only a significant moderating effect of empowering environment in relation to learning goal orientation and self-development, correspondingly job autonomy moderates the relationship of proactive personality and self-development.
Practical implications
The study concludes with offering some implication for organization to focus on self-development activities by providing an empowering environment and job autonomy to its employees, which will result to minimize the overall cost of training. Organizations should also identify the individual factors that lead to self-development like proactive personality and learning goal orientation.
Originality/value
This study gives new insight on the predictors of self-development and their interaction. This study may be a pioneer to empirically validate a theoretical model about the interaction of situational factors between individual factors and self-development. Furthermore, it contributes and advances our knowledge by demonstrating how individual and situational factors are influencing middle mangers’ self-development in workplace.